Dept.

E&E, NITK Surathkal

Tutorial 8: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Instructions
Submit a handwritten scanned .pdf file named yyEE###_FirstName_Tut#.pdf
via Moodle before the deadline (Late submissions will invite penalty). This tu-
torial will account for 2 % of your total grade.(i) write registration number on
every page of the sheet before scanning. (ii) Add the doc with the Matlab plots
(label axes!!)/codes and create a PDF (iii) Merge both documents (iv) Submit
as one single PDF document.
     
0.6 0.3 3/7 0.5
1. Let A = , v̄1 = , x̄0 = ;
0.4 0.7 4/7 0.5

(a) Find a basis for R2 consisting of v̄1 and another eigenvector v̄2 of A.
(b) Verify that x̄0 may be written in the form x̄0 = v̄1 + cv̄2 .
(c) for k = 1, 2, ...., define x̄k = Ak x̄0 . Write a formula for x̄k in terms of
the eigenvectors. Show that x̄k → v̄1 as k increases. Note that, this
is one way of numerically estimating largest eigenvalue of a matrix.
2. Use the property of the determinants to prove that the matrices A and
AT have the same eigenvalues.
 
1 2 3
3. For A =  1 2 3  , find one eigenvalue, with no calculation (by in-
1 2 3
spection). Justify your answer.
4. By inspection,
 find one eigenvalue
 and two linearly independent eigenvec-
5 5 5
tors of A =  5 5 5  and justify your answer.
5 5 5
5. For the following cases, check if the matrix can be diagonalized. Your
answer could be (i) Yes, (ii) No or (iii) can not be determined. Justify
your answer.
(a) A 3 × 3 matrix has 0, 3 and -2 as the eigenvalues.
(b) A 4 × 4 matrix has 1, 2 and -3 as the eigenvalues.
(c) A 3 × 3 matrix has a set of eigenvectors that span R3 .

EE243 Mathematics for Electrical Engineers 1

 Dept. E&E, NITK Surathkal

(d) A 3 × 3 matrix has only two distinct eigenvalues and one of them has
a 2 dimensional eigenspace.
 
2 0
6. For the matrix A = ,calculate the eigenvalues and find a basis
0 2
set for the eigenspace.
 
4 0 0 0
 0 4 0 0 
7. Check whether the following matrix is diagonalizable A =   0 0 2 0 .


1 0 0 2
If yes, diagonalize the matrix and find the appropriate P matrix for the
similarity transformation.
8. Check whether the statement “If a matrix is diagonalizable, then it is
invertible” is true or false and justify your answer.
 
−6 28 21
9. [M] Let A =  4 −15 −12 . For each value of a in the set {31.8, 31.9, 32.0, 32.1, 32.2},
−8 a 25
compute the characteristic polynomial p(t) = det(A − tI3 ) for −0.5 ≤ t ≤
3.5. Plot the three polynomials on the same figure. Give legends. Describe
how the graphs reveal the changes in the eigenvalues as a changes (5 plots
in one graph). Do check the eigenvalues using eig() function for each a to
get better clarity.
 
0.8 −0.6 0
10. [M] The matrix A =  0.6 0.8 0  has eigenvalues 0.8 ± 0.6i and
0 0 1.07
1.07. By using plot3 function of matlab, plot the evolution of the following
 
2
initial vectors for the equation x̄k+1 = Ax̄k , 0 ≤ k ≤ 20. (a) x̄0 =  0 ,
  0
2
(b) x̄0 =  0 . Use two separate 3-D plots for the (a) and (b). You may
1
observe that in first two dimension, there is a 36.86 degree rotation, and
in the third dimension, 1.07 gain.

EE243 Mathematics for Electrical Engineers 2