Student’s name: GRADES:

1
2
Linear Algebra MAT 105 AUBG 3
FINAL 4
13 December, 2019 5
6
Professor Tatiana Gateva-Ivanova

Instructions.
1. This is an one entry exam. The exam lasts exactly 2 hours.
Please write your name and ID number on the front page and other 7 pages.
Start the solution of each problem on a new page.
Write clearly and in a readable manner, each solution should be well organized! Give a clear
(and correct!) argument at any step it might be needed.
2. Informal Instructions. Please, read first all problems, only then start writing the solutions
with a good concentration. You may start by solving the problem which seems easier for you. Leave
the most difficult problem (if any) for the end.
3. Exam policy. During the final all mobiles should be switched off, no textbooks, notes,
calculators, etc. All that you will need and will be allowed to use is a pen/pencil and the sheets
of paper I give you. You should work strictly by yourself - you should not communicate in any way
with your classmates - violation of this will be considered cheating with all the ensuing consequences
(see the AUBG documentation for the consequences of cheating). Cheating is not only talking
to the person next to you (talking about anything: math, the problems, the weather, ) but also
intentionally making your work available to others during the exam.

GOOD LUCK!!!

1. (18 points)
(a) Solve the system using Gaussian elimination.

x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 1
x1 + 4x2 + 5x3 = 1
x1 + 2x2 + 6x3 = 2

(b) Check
 whether
 your solution is correct by computing the product Ax, where
x1
x =  x2  is the solution found in (a), and A is the matrix of the system.
x3

2. (22 points)
Consider the system:

bx1 + 4x2 = 6
x1 + bx2 = 3.
 (a) Find all real numbers b such that the system has exactly one solution. Then find the
unique solution using Cramer’s rule. (simplify the expressions for x1 and x2 whenever
this is possible!)
(b) Determine the values of b for which the system has ∞ many solutions and find the general
solution.
(c) For which values of b (if any) the system is not consistent?
3. (25 points)
Let  
0 1 0 4 0
A= 0 0 1 0 7 .
0 1 1 4 8

(a) Find the reduced echelon form of A. What is the rank of A?

(b) Find textbfa basis B0 for the null space of A, denoted by N ul(A). What is the dimension
of N ul(A)?
(c) Find a basis B of the column space of A, ColA, consisting of columns of A.
(d) Determine whether the column space of A, is a plane through the origin, or the whole space
R3 ? (Explain!)
 √ 
5
 √ 
 
(e) Is the vector x =  3 

 in the column space of A? Your answer should be motivated.
√
 
2

4. (35 points)
Let  
3 3 0
A= 3 3 0 .
0 0 6

(a) Find the characteristic polynomial PA (λ) of A and the eigenvalues of A.

For convenience, as usual, enumerate the eigenvalues in decreasing order

λ1 ≥ λ2 ≥ λ3 .

(b) For each eigenvalue λ of A find a basis of the corresponding eigenspace V (λ). Determine
(with a motivation) whether V (λ) is a line or a plane through the origin.
(c) If some of the spaces V (λ) is a plane find an equation of this plane.
(d) Find a basis of R3 consisting of eigenvectors if such basis exist. (Explain why or why not).
Is the matrix A diagonalizable? If ”yes”, then write down a diagonalizing matrix S, and a
diagonal matrix Λ such that

A = SΛS −1 , S −1 AS = Λ.

Explain why the matrix S is invertible but do not compute S −1 .

(e) Consider the eigenvalues λ1 > λ3 .
Is it true that the orthogonal complements of the eigenspaces satisfy

(Vλ1 )⊥ = Vλ3 , (Vλ3 )⊥ = Vλ1 ?

Why or why not??

5. (20 points) Let
       
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
A1 = , A2 = , A3 = , A4 = .
0 1 0 1 1 0 −1 0

For each i = 1, 2, 3, 4 (a) find the characteristic polynomial PAi (λ) of the matrix Ai ; (b) find the
eigenvalues of Ai ; (c) Find the corresponding eigenspaces, and only then determine whether the
matrix Ai is diagonalizable.
Remark. This examples demonstrate that, in general, row equivalent matrices may
have different eigenvalues. Moreover, even if two row equivalent matrices have
equal eigenvalues, they may have different eigenspaces.
6. (25 points= 3+11+11)
 
1
(a) Use only the definition of an eigenvector to verify that the vector v =  1  is an eigen-
1
 
0 2 1
vector of the matrix A =  2 0 1  . What is the corresponding eigenvalue?
2 1 0
(b) Describe the set of all 3 × 3 matrices
 
a1 a2 a3
A =  b1 b2 b3  .
c1 c2 c3
 
1
for which the vector v =  1  is an eigenvector.
1
Find the corresponding eigenvalue λ in terms of the entries of A.
(c) Find an infinite sequence of different 3 × 3 matrices

A1 , A2 , · · · An , · · · ,

such that the vector v as above is a common eigenvector.