UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LOJA

de la Energía, las Industrias Facultad y los Recursos Naturales No Renovables

INGENIERÍA EN ELECTROMECÁNICA
3. ¿Cuánto calor es necesario extraer a 0.2 kg de cada uno de los 3 primeros elementos
de la tabla 20.2 para convertirlos a estado sólido, si inicialmente están a temperatura
ambiente de 20°C? Calor específico Helio = 5193.2 J/(kg °C), Nitrógeno = 1040 J/(kg °C),
Oxígeno = 918 J/(kg °C).

Sol:

m ≔ 0.2 kg
Ti ≔ 20 °C
J
TfHf ≔ -269.65 °C TfHe ≔ -268.93 °C CpH ≔ 5193 ――
kg ⋅ K
J
TfNf ≔ -209.97 °C TfNe ≔ -195.81 °C CpN ≔ 1040 ――
kg ⋅ K
J
TfOf ≔ -218.79 °C TfOe ≔ -182.97 °C CpO ≔ 918 ――
kg ⋅ K

J J
LHf ≔ 5230 ― LHe ≔ 20900 ―
kg kg
J J
LNf ≔ 25500 ― LNe ≔ 201000 ―
kg kg
J J
LOf ≔ 13800 ― LOe ≔ 213000 ―
kg kg

QLv ＝ m ⋅ Lv QLsol ＝ m ⋅ Ls QV ＝ -m ⋅ Cp ⋅ ∆T QS ＝ -m ⋅ Cp ⋅ ∆T

QT ＝ QLv + QLsol + QV + Qs

Helio

QTH ≔ m ⋅ LHf + m ⋅ LHe - m ⋅ CpH ⋅ ⎛⎝TfHe - Ti⎞⎠ - m ⋅ CpH ⋅ ⎛⎝TfHf - TfHe⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝3.061 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ J

Nitrogeno

QTN ≔ m ⋅ LNf + m ⋅ LNe - m ⋅ CpN ⋅ ⎛⎝TfNe - Ti⎞⎠ - m ⋅ CpN ⋅ ⎛⎝TfNf - TfNe⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝9.313 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ J

Oxigeno

QTO ≔ m ⋅ LOf + m ⋅ LOe - m ⋅ CpO ⋅ ⎛⎝TfOe - Ti⎞⎠ - m ⋅ CpO ⋅ ⎛⎝TfOf - TfOe⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝8.92 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ J