Mt.

Kanlaon
Kanlaon (Hiligaynon: Bulkan sang Kanlaon; Cebuano: Bulkan sa Kanlaon; Spanish: Volcán de
Canlaon, Malaspina), also spelled as Kanla-on or sometimes Canlaon, is
an active stratovolcano on the island of Negros, Philippines. It is the highest point in Negros, as well
as the whole Visayas, with an elevation of 2,465 m (8,087 ft) above sea level.
The volcano straddles the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental, approximately
30 km (19 mi) southeast of Bacolod, the capital and most populous city of Negros Occidental and of
the whole island region. It is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines and part of the Pacific
Ring of Fire.

Physical Features
Kanlaon has a peak elevation of 2,465 m (8,087 ft) at its highest point, although it is 2,435 m
(7,989 ft) in some sources, with a base diameter of 30 km (19 mi) and is dotted with pyroclastic
cones and extinct craters lining to the north-northwest. Just below and north of the summit is the
active Lugud crater. North of Lugud is a 2 by 0.8 km (1.24 by 0.50 mi) caldera known as Margaja
Valley, with a small, often seasonal crater lake.[1]

Eruption history
The most active volcano in central Philippines, Kanlaon has erupted 30 times since 1819. Eruptions
are typically phreatic of small-to-moderate size that produce minor ash falls around the volcano. In
1902, the eruption was classified as Strombolian, typified by the ejection
of incandescent cinders, lapilli, lava bombs and gas fumes.[1] However, its eruptive history has not
yet been recorded and larger Vesuvian eruptions generated by this stratovolcano has not yet been
known.
Volcanic activity at Kanlaon is continuously monitored by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the government's bureau that monitors the volcanoes and earthquakes in
the nation, although unlike Mayon and Pinatubo, the volcano has never been studied in-depth and
its age is not yet accurately calculated. Kanlaon Volcano Observatory is located at the campus of La
Carlota City College in the barangay of Cubay, La Carlota City in Negros Occidental.[1]
1996 Kanlaon Incident[edit]
On August 10 of 1996, 24 mountain climbers hiked at the volcano when Kanlaon erupted without
warning, killing British student Julian Green and Filipinos Jamrain Tragico and Neil Perez, who were
trapped near the summit close to the crater. The local authorities rescued 17 others, including
10 Belgians, another British climber and six Filipinos while Edwin Ematong, a member of the Negros
Mountaineering Club Inc. and who, along with his cousin Neil Perez, guided the British Nationals
survived this eruption. He descended the volcano ahead of his group that fateful day.
One of the rescued Belgians, Caroline Verlinde, said she and her group were about to leave a site
near the crater rim when suddenly the volcano ejected ash, stones and hot gas. She ran to a tree for
cover and saw her friends being hit by falling hot tephra. She said their Filipino guide told them the
smoke billowing out from the crater "was just ordinary
Volcanic Eruption mitigations or Remedies you can do as a Civil Engineer.
1. Design an Engineered structure that can sustain volcanic effects ( ashfalls, lava flows and
volcanic quakes)
2. Educate People about the effects of volcanic eruption. Within the specified danger zone.
3. Create a plan for Recovery when volcanic eruption occurs.
 January 29,2020

ASSIGNMENT #1 IN
WATER RESOURCES
ENGINEERING

Submitted by:
JOHN RAY ALENTIJO
BSCE-5

Submitted to:
Engr. Marjoric A. Penetrante