NAME (Print)____Me______Hulan E. Jack Jr.

_____________________May 25, 2011 ____

Borough of Manhattan Community College Course Physics 210/Sec512
Instructor: Dr. Hulan E. Jack Jr. Date May 24, 2011

Final Exam – My Solutions

INSTRUCTIONS: Do any 6 of the 8 problems below. Check the 6 you want me to grad, otherwise I grade the first 6
problems only. 17 pts each . NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS ARE NOT NEEDED FOR GRADE!
1. A satellite has a mass of m = 100 kg and is located at r = 2.00 x106 m above the surface of Earth.
Mass of earth M = 5.98 x1024 kg. Radius of earth = 6.38x106 m. G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2 .
(a) What Physical Law is most important here . Name (2pts), Formula (5 pts).

Newton’s Law of Gravitation FG = - Gm1m2 / r122 . where m1 and m2 are the masses and r12 is
the distance between their centers

(b) What is the potential energy associated with the satellite at this location?
Write formula (4 pts). Then put in numbers (2 pts)

PEGravity = - Gm1m2 / r12 = - GMm / (r +Rearth)

= -6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2 *5.98 x1024 kg*100 kg/[(2.00 x106+ 6.38x106 )m]. J

(c) What is the magnitude of the gravitational force on the satellite?

Write the formula (2 pts) . Then put in the numbers (2 pts) .

FG = - Gm1m2 / r12 = - GMm / (r +Rearth)2

= = -6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2 *5.98 x1024 kg*100 kg/[(2.00 x106+ 6.38x106 )m]. N

2. An m= 2.00-kg block is held in equilibrium on an incline of angle  = 60.0° by a horizontal force

F applied in the direction shown in Figure. If the coefficient of static friction between block and inclined
plane is s = 0.300, determine,(1) the minimum value of F and
x
(2)the normal force exerted by the incline on the block. y
F parallel
to plane
(a) On the picture complete the FBD of the mass m.(4 pts)
=
60
F p er

F
o

ne
^ pe
m to p ndicu

pla
(b) Name the Laws for mass m.(2 pts) lan lar
e

d
60 o

ine
=

l
inc
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion F=0 and Laws of friction. W=mg =60
o

y x
(c) Find the minimum value of F.
F parallel
Write formula (4pts). Then put in numbers (2pts). to plane
=

( +x positive )Fx = 0 . Fx – Wx + F =0 .
60

F^ p er
F
F
o

pe
Fx = Wx - F. Fxmin = Wx – Fmax – pending motion m to plnadnicular
But Fmax = sN . NEED N. (Fx = FcosWx=Wsin )
e
N
60 o
x
W

(d) Find the normal force, N, exerted by the incline on the block.
=

Write formula (3pts). Then put in numbers (2pts).

( +y positive )Fy = 0 . N-Fy -Wy= 0, N = Fy + Wy (Fy = FsinWy=Wcos )
W W=mg
y
N = Fsin + Wcos back to (c) . Fmax = sN= s(Fsin + Wcos )
Fxmin = Fmincos= Wx – Fmax = Wsin -s(Fminsin + Wcos )
mg (sin   s cos ) 2.00kg * 9.8m / s 2 (sin 60o  0.3cos60o )
Fmin  
(cos   s sin ) (cos 60o  0.3sin60o )
mg (sin   s cos )
N  Fsin  Wcos  sin  Wcos
(cos   s sin )

Page 1 of 4
NAME (Print)____Me______Hulan E. Jack Jr._____________________May 25, 2011 ____
Borough of Manhattan Community College Course Physics 210/Sec512
Instructor: Dr. Hulan E. Jack Jr. Date May 24, 2011

Final Exam – My Solutions

INSTRUCTIONS: Do any 6 of the 8 problems below. Check the 6 you want me to grad, otherwise I grade the first 6
problems only. 17 pts each . NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS ARE NOT NEEDED FOR GRADE!
.
3. Hooke's law describes a certain light spring of unstretched length Lo = 35.0 cm. When one end is
attached to the top of a door frame and a m=7.50-kg object is hung from the other end, the length of the
spring is Lf = 41.5 cm.
(a) Find its spring constant, k.
Write Hook’s Law (3pts). Solve for k (2 pts). Put in the numbers (3 pts)
Hook’s Law F = kL, F=kL , Ff - Fi = k(Lf – Lo) or even k =F/L, etc
If not already chosen. Then
k = F/L = mg/(Lf – Lo) = 7.50-kg*9.8m/s2/[(41.5 - 35.00) cm( 10-2)m/cm]

(b) The load and the spring are taken down. Two people pull in opposite directions on the ends of the
spring, each with a force of 190 N. Find the length, Lf 2, of the spring in this situation.
(Note the 190 N on one side stretches the spring. The 190N pull on the other keeps the spring in
equilibrium so the F = 0. Without this the spring would have net force Fnet = 190N, hence an
acceleration a = F/m)
Write the needed formula, or formulas (6pts). Put in the numbers (3 pts).
L = F/k , hence Lf 2 – Lo = F/k ,
So, Lf 2 = Lo + F/k
= 35.0 cm. ( 10-2)m/cm + 190 N*/[(41.5 - 35.00) cm( 10-2)m/cm] /7.50-kg*9.8m/s2 .

4. A bullet with m1= 8.00-g, is fired into a block with mass m2=250-g that is initially at rest at the
edge of a table of height, h= l.00 m. The bullet remains in the
block. After the impact the block lands a distance x=2.00 m from m1 1
  m
m2
the bottom of the table. Determine the initial speed vb of the bullet.
(a) What is the relationship between just before and just after the h
collision? Name the Physical Law (2 pts). Write its general
formula (4pts). Write its formula with m1,m2,vb, and vf (4pts) Put
in the numbers (2 pts) x
Conservation of Linear Momentum ,
p initial = p initial .
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f =
vf
mbvb + 0 = (mb + m2)vf vb
8.00-g * vb = (8 +250)g *vf . just before just after
collision collision
(b) Explain how you would find vb from h and x .(5 pts)

I would use the equations for projectile motion

Initial conditions: vh0 = vf, vvo = 0
Horizontal vh = constant. So, vf t =0 .
Vertical a= -g. So h = ½ gt2

Page 2 of 4
NAME (Print)____Me______Hulan E. Jack Jr._____________________May 25, 2011 ____
Borough of Manhattan Community College Course Physics 210/Sec512
Instructor: Dr. Hulan E. Jack Jr. Date May 24, 2011

Final Exam – My Solutions

INSTRUCTIONS: Do any 6 of the 8 problems below. Check the 6 you want me to grad, otherwise I grade the first 6
problems only. 17 pts each . NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS ARE NOT NEEDED FOR GRADE!
5. An aluminum rod Lo = 1.00 m long, and cross-sectional area Ao = 1.5x10-4 m2 in air. It sinks to a
depth H = 1000 m in water. What is the decrease in length, L , of the aluminum rod at this depth ?
Density of water = water = 1x103kg/m3. The Young’s Modulus of aluminum Y = 1.0 x 1011 Pa (N/m2) .
(a) What in the fluid pressure at this depth.
Write the formula (4pts), then in put the numbers (3 pts)

The pressure in a fluid a depth H below the surface is

P = gH = 1x103kg/m3*9.8m/s2 *1000m

(b) What is the change in length of aluminum rod?

Write the formula (4 pts) , put in the numbers (2 pts), and explain what is the stress (4 pts).

The behavior of the rod is given stress = F/A = YL/Lo .

Here the above fluid pressure, P, is the stress, stress = F/A = P.
So,
L = Stress*Lo/Y = P*Lo/Y
= gH Lo/Y = 1x103kg/m3*9.8m/s2 *1000m * 1.00 m/ (1.0 x 1011 Pa )

6. The length of an aluminum rod is measured with steel tape measure as L-5oC = 10m at a temperature of
T1 = -5oC. What is its length measured with the same steel tape when the temperature is T2 = 35oC.
The coefficients of linear thermal expansion are Alum = 24 x 10-6 /oC and Steel =11x10-6 /oC.
(a) What is the length of each T2 = 35oC?
Write needed formula or formulas (5 pts). Then put in the numbers (4 pts).
L = LoT T = Tf-Ti ,= T2 – T1 = 35-(-5) = 40oC.
 LAluminum = AluminumLoT = 24 x 10-6 /oC *10m *(35-(-5)oC .
LSteel = SteelLoT = 12 x 10-6 /oC *10m *(35-(-5)oC .

(b) How large is the is the difference between the two.

Write the formula (3pts) . Then put in the number (2 pts).
Difference in L = LAluminum - LSteel = AluminumLoT -SteelLoT =Aluminum -SteelLoT
== -oC] 10m* 40oC

(c) What is the percent difference (% difference)? Formula (3 pts)

Using the result of (b) that LoT factors out ,

 Alu min um   Steel Lo T [(24 12) *106 / o C

% difference  *100  *100
0.5  Alu min um   Steel Lo T [(24 12) *106 / o C

Page 3 of 4
NAME (Print)____Me______Hulan E. Jack Jr._____________________May 25, 2011 ____
Borough of Manhattan Community College Course Physics 210/Sec512
Instructor: Dr. Hulan E. Jack Jr. Date May 24, 2011

Final Exam – My Solutions

INSTRUCTIONS: Do any 6 of the 8 problems below. Check the 6 you want me to grad, otherwise I grade the first 6
problems only. 17 pts each . NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS ARE NOT NEEDED FOR GRADE!
7. A glass windowpane in a home is 0.62 cm thick and has
dimensions of 1.0 m x 2.0 m. On a certain day, the indoor temperature is TH > T L
25°C and the outdoor temperature is 0°C. The coefficient of Thermal
Conductivity for glass k= 0.84 J/s*m*oC.
TH A TL
(a) What is the rate at which energy is transferred by heat through the P
glass? Write the formula (4 pts). Then put in the numbers (3 pts)

P = kA(TH-TL)/x = (0.84 J/smoC)*[(1.0x2.0)m2 (25oC -0oC)]

/[0.62 cm (10-2)m/cm] Watts x

(b) How much energy is lost through the window in one day, assuming the temperatures inside and
outside remain constant?
Write the formula or formulas (6 pts). Then put in the numbers (4 pts)
W = E = P*t = (kA(TH-TL)/x )t =
= (0.84 J/smoC)*[(1.0x2.0)m2 (25oC -0oC)] /[0.62 cm (10-2)m/cm] Watts*t sec

t = 1day (24)hr/day*( 3600 )sec/hr) =24 *3600 s.

So
W = (0.84 J/smoC)*[(1.0x2.0)m2 (25oC -0oC)] /[0.62 cm (10-2)m/cm] Watts*(24*3600 sec J.

8. In one cycle a heat engine absorbs QH =500J from a high temperature, TH , reservoir and dumps
heat QC = 300J into a low temperature, TC , reservoir. If the efficiency, e, of this engine is 60% of the
efficiency of a Carnot engine . What is the ratio, TC/TH in the Carnot engine?
(a) Write the definition of efficiency e in terms of Wand whatever else. ( 4 pts)
General Definition e = W/|QH ( what you want / what you put in )

(b) Get e in terms of |QC|and |QH| (2 pts). State the Physical Law used (4 pts).
The 1 st Law for a cycle W = |QH | - | QC |
so
e = (|QH | - | QC | ) /|QH | = 1 - | QC | /(|QH | .

(c) Write the efficiency of the Carnot Cycle. ( 3 pts)

e Carnot = eC = 1 - TC/TH .

( d ) Solve for TC/TH . (4pts)

e = 0.6 eC So, 1 - | QC | /(|QH |= 0.6 (1 - TC/TH).
1 - | QC | /(|QH |= 0.6 - 0.6TC/TH),
Becomes 0.6TC/TH)= -0.4 +| QC | /(|QH |
TC/TH)= -0.4 /0.6 + | (1/0.6)QC | /(|QH |

Page 4 of 4