Physics 151: Lecture 14

Today’s Agenda

 Today’s Topics :
 One more problem with springs !
 Power. Text Ch. 7.5
 Energy and cars Text Ch. 7.6

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 1

 Work & Power:

 Two cars go up a hill, a BMW Z3 and me in my old Mazda

GLC. Both have the same mass.
 Assuming identical friction, both engines do the same
amount of work to get up the hill.
 Are the cars essentially the same ?
 NO. The Z3 gets up the hill quicker
 It has a more powerful engine.

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 2

 Work & Power:

 Power is the rate at which work is done.

 Average Power is, W
P
t
 Instantaneous Power is,
dW
P
dt

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 3

 Work & Power:
 Power is the rate at which work is done.
Average Instantaneous Units (SI) are
Power: Power: Watts (W):
W dW
P P 1 W = 1 J / 1s
t dt
Simple Example 1 :
 A person of mass 80.0 kg walks up to 3rd floor (12.0m). If
he/she climbs in 20.0 sec what is the average power used.
P = W / t W =  Fx dx
W = F h = (mg) h
W = 80.0kg 9.8m/s2 12.0 m = 9408 J
P = W / t = 9408 / 20.0s = 470 W
Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 4
 Example
Problem 7.41

 An energy-efficient light bulb, taking in 28.0 W of power,

can produce the same level of brightness as a conventional
bulb operating at power 100 W. The lifetime of the energy
efficient bulb is 10 000 h and its purchase price is $17.0,
whereas the conventional bulb has lifetime 750 h and costs
$0.420 per bulb.
 Determine the total savings obtained by using one
energy-efficient bulb over its lifetime, as opposed to
using conventional bulbs over the same time period.
Assume an energy cost of $0.080 0 per kilowatt-hour.

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 5

 Solution:
Problem 7.41
P7.41 energy  power  time
For the 28.0 W bulb:

Energy used  28.0 W1.00  104 h 280 kilowatt  hrs

total cost  $17.00  280 kWh$0.080 kWh  $39.40

For the 100 W bulb:

Energy used  100 W1.00 104 h 1.00 103 kilowatt  hrs
1.00 104 h
# bulb used   13.3
750 h bulb
total cost
 
 13.3$0.420  1.00  103 kWh $0.080 kWh  $85.60

Savings with energy-efficient bulb  $85.60  $39.40  $46.20

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 6

 Work & Power:
Simple Example 2 :
Engine of a jet develops a trust of 15,000 N when plane is
flying at 300 m/s. What is the horsepower of the engine ?

  
dW W  F  x dW  dx
P   P F
dt dW  F  dx dt dt
 
P  F v

P=Fv
P = (15,000 N) (300 m/s) = 4.5 x 106 W
= (4.5 x 106 W) (1 hp / 746 W) ~ 6,000 hp !

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 7

 Example
Problem 7.47
 While running, a person dissipates about 0.600 J of
mechanical energy per step per kilogram of body mass. If a
60.0-kg runner dissipates a power of 70.0 W during a race,
how fast is the person running? Assume a running step is
1.50 m long.
Solution:
 1 step 
Concentration of Energy output  0.600 J kg  step60.0 kg    24.0 J m
1.50 m 

F  24.0 J m1 N  m J  24.0 N

P  Fv
70.0 W  24.0 Nv
v  2.92 m s

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 8

 Lecture 14, ACT 3
Work & Power
 Starting from rest, a car drives up a hill at constant
acceleration and then suddenly stops at the top. The
instantaneous power delivered by the engine during this
drive looks like which of the following,

 A)
Power

time
 B)
Power

Z3
time
 C)
Power

time

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 9

 Example
Problem 7.55

 A single constant force F (20.0 N) acts on a particle of mass

m=5.00 kg. The particle starts at rest at t = 0. What is the
power delivered at t = 3.00 s?

Solution:
 F   F 
2
(a) P  Fv  Fvi  at  F 0  t   t
 m   m 

20.0 N2 
(b) P   3.00 s  240 W

 5.00 kg 


Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 10

 Lecture 14, ACT 4
Power for Circular Motion
 I swing a sling shot over my head. The tension in the rope
keeps the shot moving in a circle. How much power must
be provided by me, through the rope tension, to keep the
shot in circular motion ?
Note that Rope Length = 1m
Shot Mass = 1 kg
Angular frequency = 2 rads/sec
v

A) 16 J/s B) 8 J/s C) 4 J/s D) 0

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 11
 Work & Power:
Example 3 :
 What is the power required for a car (m=1000 kg) to climb a hill
(5%) at v=30m/s assuming the coefficient of friction  = 0.03 ?

m /s Ptot = Phorizontal + Pvertical

V = 30
Ca r 5 v=const. - > a = 0
5%
100 Phorizontal = F v =  mg vhorizontal

Phorizontal ~ 0.03 (1000kg) (10m/s2 ) (30m/s) ~ 10 kW

Pvertical = F v = mg vvertical = (1000kg) (10m/s2 ) (30m/s)(5/100)
Pvertical ~ 15 kW
Ptot ~ 10 kW + 15 kW = 25 kW

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 12

 Recap of today’s lecture

 Work done by a spring

 Power
 P = dW / dt

Physics 151: Lecture 14, Pg 13