Lokasi: Tanjung Simpang Mengayau

Tarikh: 14 mac 2020 (Sabtu) GPS: 7°02'14.4"N 116°44'30.9"E No.Singkapan:3

Tanjung Simpang Mengayau or as know as The Tip of Borneo provides an excellent exposure of the
lower sandy unit of the Early Miocene Kudat Formation. Depositional setting of the formation is
shallow marine environment.

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OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECT FROM

TANJUNG SIMPANG MENGAYAU

LITOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

The headland is made up of lower sandy unit of

the Kudat Formation. The unit consist of thick
sandstone beds with thin mudstone interbeds.
The Kudat Formation contain major of
Figure 1: Geological map of Tanjung
lineaments geological structure.
Simpang Mengayau showing the rock
units and geological structures.
Figure 3: Outcrop from the cliff face
Figure 2: Arial Photograph of Tanjung
Simpang Mengayau taken from
satellites.

Figure 4: Structural sketch of the outcrop showing the vertical displacement of

sandstone beds due to normal faults.
From figure 1, we can conclude that the thick sandstone beds are cut through by North-South
trending joints and a series of Northeast-Southwest normal faults.

SOUTH NORTH

193/77

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Figure 5: Joints trending
6 Figure 6: Joints on the cliff face
115/55
310/60

Besides thick sandstone, there is also lamination structure.

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superimpose by migrating ripples.

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Figure 7 & 8: Climbing ripple cross lamination structure due to
superimpose by migrating ripples.
GEOMORPHOLOGY -COASTAL LANDFORMS
 Cliffs and beaches formed resulted from weathering, erosion and deposition (figure 9).
Weathering on the sandstone caused by the seawater created honeycomb structure or tafoni (figure
10). Iron oxide in the thick sandstone beds also creates holes once it is been eroded by waves (figure
11). Waves crashing on the outcrop also creating holes on the floor (figure 12).

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Figure 9: Cliff and beaches formation.

Figure 10: Tafoni structure form due to seawater splash.
Figure 11: Holes created on the floor because of iron oxide eroded.
Figure 12: Holes created on the thick sandstone bed.