Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains the review of related literature and studies which the researchers

have perused to shed light on the topic under study.

Conceptual Literature

A history of criticism and debate in English in Philippine education

The english Language is well entrenched in Philippine formal education. English was

introduced into the formal educational system when the United States of America Colonized

the Philippines. On April 7, 1900, US President William McKinley issued a letter of

instruction declaring that english should be the medium of instruction at all levels of the public

educational system in the Philippines.

According to Robert Wicks (1996) in his article “Effects of English language proficiency

on the academic performance of international students: A USQ study” shows that international

students face the problems when they are enrolling to schools in Australia. The major area of

concern is their english proficiency, As part of their admission requirements, students from

overseas is needed to take a english proficiency language test. This Literature shows the

effects that english proficiency has on the performance of international students comparison

with the Australian students.

 according to Thailand they are seriously addressing the importance of students

proficiency in English, particularly in language skills. He suggested that students’ perceptions

must be included as one of major components, besides the implementers and adopters while

crafting the policy on English. He concluded that Thai learners had relatively low English

proficiency when compared to other developing countries like Malaysia, Singapore and

Philippines. this is due to the fact that English teachers were mostly non-native English

speakers, which consequently created non genuine interaction using English language in

classrooms among students. P. M. Arsad, N. Buniyamin, J. Ab. Manan (2014)

 Aek Phakiti,David Hirsh,Lindy Woodrow (2013) The article “it’s not only English:

Effects of other individual factors on English language learning and academic learning of

ESL international students in Australia” addresses the importance of such personal factors,

using a structural equation modelling approach that allows us to examine the complex

relationship between personal factors, students’ English language proficiency and

academic achievement.

Related Studies

 P. M. Arsad, N. Buniyamin, J. Ab. Manan (2014) From many past research works, it can
be concluded that good command of English depends on many factors. These include

syllabus in learningteaching process, students’ interest and perception of its importance,

influence of mother language, good surrounding and environment or opportunity that

enable students to practise speaking English in daily lives. Firstly, we would like to see

whether English language has an impact on the performance of students in the final

semester. This paper presents the results of a study that investigates whether a student’s

English language proficiency will have an impact on their overall academic performance.
References

Bautista, Maria (Ma.) Lourdes & Bolton, Kingsley. (2008). Philippine English: Linguistic and
literary. Philippine English: Linguistic and Literary. 1-405.

Phakiti, Aek & Hirsh, David & Woodrow, Lindy. (2013). It’s not only English: Effects of other
individual factors on English language learning and academic learning of ESL. Journal of
Research in International Education. 12. 239–258. 10.1177/1475240913513520.

Wicks, Robert. (1996). Effects of English language proficiency on the academic performance
of international students: A USQ study. Distance Education. 17. 196-204.
10.1080/0158791960170113.

Quinto, Edward Jay & Macayan, Jonathan. (2019). Exploring English Speaking Anxiety
Among Filipino Engineering Students: Its Influence on Task Performance and Its Sources. 19.
57-74. 10.17576/gema-2019-1903-04.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0fb1/bab57313b972c96a12f5075e962a52292a5d.pdf

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0158791960170113

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1475240913513520

ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/view/31335/9751

International students or students from other country must learn the english language

before going to other countries like Australia, because first thing that they will encounter if

they are not native english speaker is it will be hard for them to communicate to other students

and learn from the schools that they step in so countries like Australia is required to