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Leakage Reactance Measurement
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Robert Brusetti
Doble Engineering Co.
I. Objective
II. Physics
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III. Definition
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IV. Setup and test methodology
V. Data analysis Dob le
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IexIL + I2 Φmain I2
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V1 v/t ΦL ΦL o m p V V2~0
C
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ZLOAD
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Do b V/T > V/TS
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• Current in primary IL supports the ΦL
.
©2017 Doble Engineering Company. All Rights Reserved.
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DISCUSSION OUTLINE
I. Objective
II. Physics
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III. Definition
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IV. Setup and test methodology eeri
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V. Data analysis oble E
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En g
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© Do Leak age channel
Bottom yoke
©2017 Doble Engineering Company. All Rights Reserved.
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Practical Transformer Model
• From an energy transfer point-of-view, the elements in this circuit
represent the imperfections in a transformer
Primary winding dc
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Secondary winding dc
resistance Leakage reactance and losses
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Rdc-1 RL-1 L1 RL-2 Rdc-2
+ e e
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E D o b C
Cins Rins ©
Dielectric
losses and
Lm Rm N1 N2
Turns ratio
capacitance
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Exciting current and losses
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impedance and/or %reactanceg which is then compared to nameplate or
benchmark
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– ©D
Per Phase Test
• Single phase source performs individual test on each phase.
• Only corresponding phase on secondary winding is electrically short circuited
• Individual impedance and/or reactance are used to calculate individual %
impedance and/or % reactance which is then compared among phases or
benchmark ©2017 Doble Engineering Company. All Rights Reserved.
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Information needed to perform test
• From Nameplate (or factory test report)
– To calculate base impedance
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• Base power rating (in MVA)
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• Voltage (L-L) rating of winding from which test is performed
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– Reference to tap position
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r test connections
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– Winding vector diagram to determine
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As tested configuration of apparatus
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– Record all tap positions
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– Note any special winding configurations
• Connection of stabilizing winding (buried tertiary)
• Connection of configurable winding
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Instrume
nt
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©Instrument
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– Intent was to compare with Nameplate value, however a complete correlation never
materialized
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– Updated Recommendation
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Three Phase Equivalent only performed
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• Exceptions
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oThree Phase Equivalent and Per Phase to establish benchmark
– Wye Delta winding
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configurations where test is performed for the Wye winding
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» Initial:
» Routine: Per Phase routine test
» Investigate: Three Phase Equivalent
– Units with inaccessible neutral
» Three Phase Equivalent
• Per Phase test not possible
©2017 Doble Engineering Company. All Rights Reserved.
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Three Phase Equivalent Measurement cont’d
• All windings tested across bushing line terminals
– Neutral not part of test circuit but must be ungrounded
• Energize two phases of the primary winding at a time
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– Across the line terminals (H1-H3, H2-H1, H3-H2)
• Short circuit the secondary winding
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– All three phases except neutral
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• Leave all other bushing terminals
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Except stabilizingowinding
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– leave as configured for service and note in test
results
• Results:
– % Leakage Reactance
• Three measurements one result
Instrument
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Instrument
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Next Test
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Next Test
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