SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS H ( s )   h(t )e  st dt

Formulas for discrete-time LTI signals and  Frequency response:

systems: H f ( )   h(t )e  jt dt
 Area under impulse:
Euler’s formula:
  ( n)  1
n
e j  cos( )  j sin( )
 Multiplication by impulse:
H f ( )   h( n)e  j n e j  e  j
cos( ) 
 Multiplication by shifted impulse:  For cosine: 2
f (n)  n  no   f  no    n  no  e j  e  j
sin( ) 
 Convolution:  For sine: 2j
f (n)* g ( n)   f (k ) g ( n  k )
k

 Convolution with an impulse:

f (n ) *  (n )  f ( n )
 Convolution with a shifted impulse:
f (n)*   n  n0   f  n  n0 
 Transfer function:
H ( z )   h ( n) z  n
n

 Frequency response:
H f ( )   h( n)e  j n

Formulas for continuous-time LTI signals and

systems:

 area under impulse:

  (t )dt  1
 Multiplication by impulse:
f (t ) (t )  f (0) (t )
 Multiplication by shifted impulse:
f (t )  t  to   f  to    t  to 
 Convolution:
f (t ) * g (t )   f ( ) g (t   ) d
 Convolution with an impulse:
f (t ) *  (t )  f (t )
 Convolution with a shifted impulse:
f (t ) *   t  to   f  t  to 
 Transfer function: