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 TOPICS / TAJUK IMPORTANT SUBTOPICS / SUBTOPIK PENTING
Chapter 1 Scientific Method / Kaedah Saintifik
Introduction to Chemistry
Pengenalan Kepada Kimia

CHAPTER 2 Matter & Change in State / Jirim & Perubahan Keadaan

The Structure of Atom The Atomic Structure / Struktur Atom
Struktur Atom
Isotopes & Importance / Isotop & Kegunaannya
The Electron Structure of Atom / Struktue Elektron Atom
Chapter 3  Calculation involve Mol / Pengiraan Menggunakan Mol
Chemical Formulae And  Empirical Formula Experiment / Eksperimen Formula Empirik
Equation  Empirical & Molecular Formula / Formula Empirik & Molekular
Formula dan Persamaan Kimia
 Chemical Formula & Equation / Formula & Persamaan Kimia
Chapter 4  Group 18 / Kumpulan 18
Periodic Table of Elements  Group 1 / Kumpulan 1
Jadual Berkala Unsur
 Group 17 / Kumpulan 17
 Elements in Period 3 / Unsur dalam Kala ke 3
 Transition Element / Unsur Peralihan
Chapter 5  Formation of Ionic Compound/ Pembentukan Ikatan Ionik
Chemical Bonds  Formation of Covalent Compound/ Pembentukan Ikatan Kovalen
Ikatan Kimia
Chapter 6  Electrolysis in Molten & Aqueous Solutions/ Elektrolisis
Electrochemistry  Electrolysis in Industry / Elektrolisis dalam Industri
Elektrokimia
 Voltaic Cell / Sel Voltan
 Electrochemical Series / Siri Elektrokimia
Chapter 7  Properties of Acid & Alkali / Sifat Asid & Bes
Acid and Bases  Strength of Acids & Alkali / Kekuatan Asid dan Alkali
Asid dan Bes
 Calculation using M & V / Pengiraan menggunakanM dan V
 Neutratilisation / Peneutralan
Chapter 8  Salt and Solublity / Garam dan Sifat Keterlarutan
Salts  Preparation of Salt / Penyediaan Garam
Garam
 Qualitative Analysis of Salt – 4 aspects / Analisis Kualitatif Garam
Chapter 9  Contact Process / Pembuatan Asid sulfurik
Manufactured Substances in  Haber Process / Pembuatan Ammonia
Industry  Alloy & Synthetic Polymer & Uses / Aloi & Polimer sintetik
Bahan Buatan Dalam Industri
 Glass and Ceramics / Kaca & Seramik
 Composite Materials / Bahan Komposit
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 METALS/ Logam NON-METALS/Bukan Logam
1+ 2+ 3+ 1- 2-

SUBSTANCE/Bahan FORMULA TYPE OF COMPOUND TYPE OF PARTICLES

Jenis Sebatian Jenis Zarah
Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat
Nitric acid
Acid Nitrik
Zinc carbonate
Zink karbonat
Magnesium
Magnesium
Lead (II) chloride
Plumbum(II) klorida
Ammonia gas
Gas Ammonia
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
Barium sulphate
Barium Sulfat
Iron (III) nitrate
Ferum (III)nitrat
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium Oksida
Ammonium sulphate
Ammonium Sulfat
Potassium hydroxide
Kalium hidroksida

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 TYPE/JENIS Example of Reaction / Contoh Tindakbalas
COMBINE / GABUNG Magnesium + Oxygen gas

ELIMINATE/ SINGKIR Magnesium + Copper (II) Sulphate

REPLACE / GANTI Silver nitrate + Sodium chloride

DECOMPOSE / URAI Copper(II) carbonate

(a) METAL / LOGAM

Metal (atom)  Metal ion (Cation) Metal ion (Cation)  Metal atom
n+ - n+ -
X  X + ne X + ne  X
IONISATION/ Pengionan DISCHARGE / Nyah Cas
Example/ Contoh: Example/ Contoh:
(a) Sodium / Natrium (a) Potassium ion / Ion Kalium

(b) Magnesium / magnesium (b) Zinc ion / Ion Zink

(c) Copper / Kuprum (c) Hydrogen ion / Ion Hydrogen

(b) NON-METAL / Bukan LOGAM

Non Metal (molekul)  Non Metal ion (Cation) Non-Metal ion (Cation)  Non-Metal (molecule)

Y2 + 2ne-  2Yn- 2Yn-  Y2 + 2ne-

IONISATION/ Pengionan DISCHARGE / Nyah Cas
Example/ Contoh: Example/ Contoh:
(d) Chlorine / klorin (a) Chlorine / klorin

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 (e) Bromine / bromin (b) Bromine / bromin

(f) Oxygen / Oksigen (c) Oxygen / Oksigen

ELECTROLYTE/ Elektrolit  Compounds that can conduct electricity in ___________ and ___________
state and undergoes _____________ changes.
Sebatian yang boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan __________ atau
____________ serta mengalami perubahan __________.

ELECTROLYSIS/ Elektrolisis  Electrolysis is a process whereby an electrolyte is decomposed to its

constituent elements when ________________ passes through it
Elektrolisis ialah proses penguraian elektrolit kepada unsur juzuknya apabila
____________________ dialirkan melaluinya.

ELECTROLYTIC CELL/  An electrolytic cell is a set up of apparatus that contain two ___________
Sel Elektrolisis which are dipped in an _____________ and procuce a chemical reaction
when connected to a _____________.
Sel electrolysis adalah susunan radas yang terdiri daripada dua ____________ yang
dicelup ke dalam _______________ menghasilkan tindakbalas kimia apabila
disambungkan kepada _______________.

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ELECTROLYSIS OF MOLTEN ELECTROLYTE

Electrolysis of Molten Lead (II) bromide (PbBr2) by using Carbon

Electrodes
Electrolyte:
Electrode :
Anions :
Cation:
Anode : ●
●

Cathode ●
●

Overall Rxn

ELECTROLYSIS OF MOLTEN ELECTROLYTE

Electrolysis of Molten Magnesium oxide (MgO) by using Carbon

Electrodes
Electrolyte:
Electrode :
Anions :
Cation:
Anode : ●
●

Cathode ●
●

Overall Rxn

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ELECTROLYSIS OF AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE

Electrolysis of Diluted Sodium chloride (NaCl) by using Carbon

Electrodes
Electrolyte:
Electrode :
Anions :
Cation:
Anode : ●
●

Cathode ●
●

Overall Rxn

Electrolysis of Concentrated Copper chloride (CuCl2) by using

Carbon Electrodes
Electrolyte:
Electrode :
Anions :
Cation:
Anode : ●
●

Cathode ●
●

Overall Rxn

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 Electrolysis of Diluted Silver nitrate (AgNO3) by using Silver
Electrodes
Electrolyte:
Electrode :
Anions :
Cation:
Anode : ●
●

Cathode ●
●

Overall Rxn

ELECTROLYTIC CELL

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