Al-Taqwa institute of higher Education

Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan

Ministry Of Higher Education

Al-Taqwa Institute Of Higher Education

Faculty of Economics

Topic:

The international standards of quality

Year: 2020

Name: Tariq Hashami

Semester: 7th

Topic: the international standard of quality

Instructor: Sir Zubair Sherzad

I.N: 1248

Term: Early Morning

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Contents
What is quality ............................................................................ 2
What are quality management standards?................................................................. 3.

What are quality standards?.......................................................4

Purpose of quality management standards…………………………..…4

WHY ARE STANDARDS IMPORTANT?..................................................7

WHY STANDARDS FROM ASQ?...........................................................7

Other Common Quality Management System Standards…………………………….9

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What is “Quality”?
We can define the term “quality” in many ways, but the ISO family of standards
gives a very concise definition: “quality - the degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfils requirements.” (ISO 9000:2005 – 3.1.1).
Note: At this time, the ISO 9000 and ISO 9001 standards are under revision.

This definition gives a general sense of "quality", but we can watch at The
Chartered Quality Institute (thecqi.org) which gives the following definition: “an
outcome – a characteristic of a product or service provided to a customer, and the
hallmark of an organization which has satisfied all of its stakeholders.”

So, we must consider the customer and the degree to which the product or service
meets the needs of all stakeholders. We can say about the quality of a product or
service that this is “poor”, or “good” or “excellent”, but this must be in accordance
with something, we must have a reference to give such a description.

Nowadays, all organizations have to face some challenges in their business

environment: the economic crisis, globalization, as well as the competition in its
market. Moreover, the increase in technology and especially in IT, requires new
actions. For example, it is well known that the e-commerce has opened new doors
in business, which means an increased competitive environment. And if we
consider the area of social media, we realize that organizations that do not meet the
"quality" of products or services have no chance to stay on the market. The
conclusion is that “Quality” is very important for every business!

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What are quality management standards?

Quality management standards establish a framework for how a business
manages its key activities. They identify an agreed way of doing something, either
making a product, managing a process or delivering a service.
What are quality standards?
Quality management standards are details of requirements, specifications,
guidelines and characteristics that products, services and processes should
consistently meet in order to ensure:

 their quality matches expectations

 they are fit for purpose
 they meet the needs of their users
Standards are an essential element of quality management systems.
Purpose of quality management standards
Businesses use standards to satisfy their customers' quality requirements and for a
range of other reasons, such as:

 ensuring safety and reliability of their products and services

 complying with regulations, often at a lower cost
 defining and controlling internal processes
 meeting environmental objectives
Businesses committed to following quality management standards are often more
able to:

 increase their profits

 reduce losses or costs across the business
 improve their competitiveness
 gain market access across the world
 increase consumer loyalty
See also advantages of quality management systems.
Examples of quality management standards
ISO international standards are by far the most widely accepted set of quality
standards in the world. ISO 9001:2015 specifies the requirements for a quality
management system that businesses can use to develop their own quality agenda.
See also ISO 9001 quality management standard.
Other standards related to quality include:

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 the remaining ISO 9000 family, including ISO 9000 and ISO 9004
 the ISO 14000 family for environmental management systems
 ISO 13485 for medical devices
 ISO 19011 for auditing management systems
 ISO/TS 16949 for automotive-related products
Standards can be very specific, applying to a particular type of product, or general
such as wide-ranging management practices. Find a list of ISO management
system standards.
Use of standards may be voluntary, but certain groups of customers or stakeholders
may expect it. Also, some organisations and government bodies may require
suppliers and partners to comply with standards as a condition of doing business.
Other types of best practice standards
Standards can help you to achieve best practice in a wide range of business
activities, not just quality management. For example:

 accessibility standards - can help make services or premises accessible to disabled

users
 occupational health and safety standards - can help reduce accidents in the
workplace
 information security standards - can help keep sensitive information secure
 food safety standards - can help prevent food from being contaminated
 environmental management standards - can reduce environmental impact and
waste
 energy management standards - can help cut energy consumption

Bob Goodwin, MSc (TQM), CQP, MCQI, takes a look at what businesses need in
order to develop a quality culture, and how quality professionals can drive this
improvement beyond what is required by ISO standards.

ISO standards cover only a subset of what makes a business operate. Another way
to further develop the Integrated Management System (IMS) concept is to include
all aspects of a business into the standards.

However, simply adding further requirements might only deter a business to adopt
a standard and have little impact on quality. For instance: is a business likely to try
and implement a standard that is hundreds of pages long? Achieving business buy-
in is difficult enough without presenting even more clauses to adopt. For example,
MSS 1000:2014 Management System Standard is around 300 pages in length. I’m

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sure the intent and content are laudable, but the document size alone would prove a
challenge to many businesses.

Quality is a way of thinking and acting – a culture. If a significant part of the

organisation’s quality team activity is directly or indirectly based on the
deployment, management and validation of a standard, then there is a disconnect
between what we are trying to deliver and what the business needs.

However, there is a gap between the toolset we have been using and the culture we
are moving towards.

What does the quality profession need to do to meet this challenge? What does a
business need to help it develop a true quality culture? And what can the quality
professional do to facilitate that development?

First, we need a method to explain our meaning of quality. By sharing and

discussing this meaning, we can help the business understand what we have been
trying to achieve through ‘traditional’ methods such as standards, audit,
certification, and improvement. It’s a way to achieve credibility.

If we consider the ‘old’ quality foundation of standards, tools and methods (that
make up the basic set of tools most quality professionals would call upon use), we
could list several good contributors. For example:

 The Balanced Score Card (BSC) provides a framework for monitoring KPIs (key
performance indicators).
 ISO 9001 provides a model for a Quality Management System.
 ISO 26000 provides guidance for corporate social responsibility (CSR).
 MSS 1000 tries to cover even wider elements.
 Lean helps eliminate waste and streamline processes.
 The Six Sigma methodology is the implementation of a measurement-based
strategy that focuses on process improvement and variation reduction.
 Total Quality Management (TQM) drives ownership of quality to all actors in a
business.

But how effectively do these different approaches fit together? Wouldn’t it be

great to have one tool to help ensure the components of our management system
are working together to optimise performance?

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EFQM Business Excellence Model

Consider the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Business

Excellence Model. The model’s simple premise is: “Good results (people,
customer, society and business) will be delivered if the company has good
leadership, policy and strategy, and effective people operating sound processes.”
Think of it as a cause and effect model.

WHY ARE STANDARDS IMPORTANT?

For businesses: Standards are important to the bottom line of every organization.
Successful companies recognize standards as business tools that should be
managed alongside quality, safety, intellectual property, and environmental
policies. Standardization leads to lower costs by reducing redundancy, minimizing
errors or recalls, and reducing time to market.

For the global economy: Businesses and organizations complying to quality

standards helps products, services, and personnel cross borders and also ensures
that products manufactured in one country can be sold and used in another.

For consumers: Many quality management standards provide safeguards for users
of products and services, but standardization can also make consumers’ lives
simpler. A product or service based on an international standard will be compatible
with more products or services worldwide, which increases the number of choices
available across the globe.

WHY STANDARDS FROM ASQ?

ASQ plays a vital role in the development of international standards. ASQ’s role is
to administer the U.S. Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) that develop the most
popular standards—ISO 9001, ISO 19011, ISO 26000, and ISO 14001.
Additionally, ASQ produces books, articles, case studies, webcasts, training, and
other supporting materials for individuals and organizations looking to improve
their use of and compliance to quality standards.
Quality management standards are important because they give a framework for
managing some of the key business activities, and following their requirements has

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many benefits for businesses. This article explains some of the most common ISO
quality standards and quality frameworks.
The ISO 9000 Family of Standards
ISO 9000 standards are a family of quality management standards that have three
documents, and one additional supplementary document. ISO 9000, ISO 9001 and
ISO 9004 compose the family of ISO 9000 documents. ISO 19011, guidelines for
auditing management systems, is attached because it is the auditing requirements
document used to audit an ISO 9001 quality management system.
ISO 9000: This is a standard that is referenced in ISO 9001, ISO 9004, AS9100
and many other documents regarding a quality management system. ISO 9000 is
the first document in the ISO 9000 family of standards and has two main purposes.
Firstly, it is used to define the many terms that are used throughout the quality
management system standards. Secondly, it describes the fundamental quality
management principles that are behind the ISO 9001 standard for implementing a
quality management system. It is not, however, a document containing
requirements against which a company can certify its quality management system;
this is available through the ISO 9001 standard.

ISO 9001: The most commonly used set of requirements for designing a QMS, it
includes requirements for developing and implementing a quality management
system based on improving customer satisfaction. The requirements are aligned in
a PDCA improvement cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle) of Planning for the work
of the QMS, Doing the work of the QMS, Checking the work of the QMS against
requirements and Acting to correct any problems that occur which will feed back
into the next round of planning. For more information on how this works . ISO
9001 provides the information necessary for a company to implement a quality
management system, and aQMS certification against ISO 9001 is recognized
worldwide.
To find out more about the ISO 9001 quality management system standard,
see What is ISO 9001 and ISO 9001 Certification.

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ISO 9004: This is a standard that can accompany ISO 9001 for implementing a
quality management system, but is not necessary to do so. This document is
designed to provide guidance to any organization on ways to make their quality
management system more successful. Unlike ISO 9001, ISO 9004 is not intended
for certification, regulatory or contractual use. This means that you cannot certify
your quality management system to ISO 9004. It also means that the use of ISO
9004 is not intended to be mandated as a legal or contract requirement. The
standard is, however, a good reference to turn to for ideas in how to make your
implementation of ISO 9001 more effective and successful. For more information
on this standard, see ISO 9004, which explains the structure in greater detail.

ISO 19011: This is also a standard published by the international organization for
standardization, and includes the requirements for auditing a management system.
The standard defines all the requirements for an audit program, as well as how to
conduct successful audits. It is used as a resource to train anyone who audits
quality and environmental management systems, and the auditors who certify that
companies have met the requirements of standards such as ISO 9001, ISO
14001 and the like are trained using this standard.

Other Common Quality Management System Standards

Below are some of the more common quality management standards that are
specialized for certain industries. These systems, like ISO 9001, provide
requirements that can be used to design and create a quality management system
for a company.
AS9100: This is a standard that is based on ISO 9001 and has additions designated
for use in the Aerospace Industry. The additions include such main topics as Risk
Management and Configuration Management. A QMS can be certified by a third
party to comply with this standard. For more, see AS9100: What it is and how it
relates to ISO 9001.
ISO 13485: This is a standard published by the ISO organization for use by
companies that want to design a QMS for medical devices and the requirements for
regulatory purposes surrounding them. A third party can certify a company’s QMS
to this standard.

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ISO/TS 16949: This document includes requirements for the application of ISO
9001 for automotive production and service part organizations. The requirements
include all additional QMS requirements agreed by the main automotive
manufacturers to accompany ISO 9001. In addition, though, each main automotive
customer that a company works with has an addendum to the TS 16949
requirements that are specific to that customer. A QMS designed using these
requirements can also be certified against them.

MBNQA: The Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award recognizes U.S.

organizations for performance excellence. The award has a set of requirements
against which a company could design and assess a QMS built around the criteria
for promoting business excellence. Apart from external assessments to attain the
award, there is no ongoing certification against these requirements.

References:

TQM book

Internet

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