UPS Battery Sizing https://myelectrical.
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Using software in our work is essential for most of us and
we are becoming even more dependant on it's use. While
By Steven McFadyen (/users/steven)on April 8th, 2012
software is a great asset, many times...
Various techniques exist to enable the correct selection of batteries for UPS applications. The procedure described below is
Understanding Motor Duty Rating
one of the more common. It is also possible to use the IEEE 485 method (see link at the bottom of the page).
(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid
/106/understanding-motor-duty-rating)
Contents [hide] One of the comments on my Motor Starting Series was
1. Battery Types asking for something on duty cycles. Here it is. As a
2. Battery Sizing purchaser of a motor, you have responsibility...
1. Watts per cell method
2. What is Aircraft Ground Power (https://myelectrical.com
3. /notes/entryid/216/what-is-aircraft-ground-power)
4. Amperes per cell Ever wondered what kind of power an aircraft uses when
3. Battery Charger Sizing parked at the airport stand. Normally the aircraft generates it
4. See Also own power, but when parked with...
How Electrical Circuits Work (https://myelectrical.com
/notes/entryid/139/how-electrical-circuits-work)
If you have no idea how electrical circuits work, or what
people mean then they talk about volts and amps, hopefully
Typically the following battery types are used in UPS systems: I can shed a bit light. I’m intending...
Lead Acid/Plante Battery Photovoltaic (PV) Panel - Performance Modelling
Lead Acid/Antimony Battery (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid
Lead Acid/Calcium Battery /257/photovoltaic-pv-panel-performance-modelling)
Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Liquid Electrolyte Battery In an earlier note on the site [Photovoltaic (PV) - Electrical
Lead Acid/Calcium, Maintenance-free Gelled Electrolyte, Sealed Battery Calculations], the theory of solar (PV) cell calculations was
Lead Acid (Special Alloy), Suspended Electrolyte, Maintenance-free, Sealed Battery introduced. In particular...
Nickel Cadmium, Pocket Plate Liquid Electrolyte Battery
9 power supply issues solved by using a UPS
(https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/110/9-power-
supply-issues-solved-by-using-a-ups)
Installation of a UPS can help in reducing problems due to
Example of UPS battery sizing issues with the power supply. A lot of people relate this to
nine key issues. Depending on...
Select the battery model number and quantity (using the typical watts per cell table) for a 300 kVA UPS, 94% efficiency,
power factor of 0.8, for a backup time of 15 minutes. Alternating Current Circuits (https://myelectrical.com
/notes/entryid/161/alternating-current-circuits)
The UPS battery bus voltage is 480 V. The typical table is for 12 V batteries (six cells of 2 V each). Alternating current (a.c.) is the backbone of modern
electrical power distribution. In this article I’ll be pulling
Quantity of batteries per bank = 480/12 = 40 batteries some of the more important concepts...
Number of cells per bank = 40 x 6 = 240 cells Low Voltage Fault Tables (https://myelectrical.com
/notes/entryid/193/low-voltage-fault-tables)
The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault
levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image42_2.png)
RLC Circuit, Resistor Power Loss - some Modelica
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UPS Battery Sizing https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/164/ups-battery-sizing
Looking at the capacity, we see that the required watt/cell is too much for one bank. However, various options are experiments (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid
available, for example if we decided to use three banks in parallel: /243/rlc-circuit-resistor-power-loss-some-modelica-
experiments)
watt/cell (three banks in parallel) = 1063/3 = 354 Modelica is an open source (free) software language for
- select a S12V370(F) battery modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I
thought I would download a development...
Total number of batteries required
= 40 (per bank) x 3 (banks) = 120 Electromechanical Relays (https://myelectrical.com
/notes/entryid/159/electromechanical-relays)
Electromechanical relays have been the traditional
Manufacturers provide sizing information for their batteries. Generally this information assumes a room temperature of 25oC. backbone of electrical protection systems. While over
Batteries which will be operated at different temperatures continuously should be calculated specifically for that temperature. recent years these have been replaced by microprocessor...
Batteries are generally sized using [Watts] per cell or on [Ampere] per cell.
Normally information supplied for lead acid batteries designed for short discharge times (5-120 minutes) is in the form of
kilowatts per cell tabulated for various back-up times. The required [Watts] per cell are given by:
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/Image
%20%5B4%5D_4.png)
Where:
VA = VA of the load
pf = power factor
η = efficiency of the UPS
N = Number of cells
Al = any addition load connected to the batteries (in VA)
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/UPSBatterySizing_DDD4/0830_BatteryWatts_2_2.jpg)
Typical Performance Specification (Amperes per Cell @25 °C)
Average Battery Voltage
Battery voltage varies in use - staring high and then decreasing to it's end of discharge voltage. Taking into account
this variation, makes calculation more complicated.
More often, an average voltage value is taken and calculations based on this.
If unsure about what the average value to use, then the end of discharge voltage could be used (as this is on the safe
side).
Long term discharge lead acid batteries and most nickel cadmium batteries are sized using charts expressed in available
amps for specified periods of time. The required [Amperes] per cell is:
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UPS Battery Sizing https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/164/ups-battery-sizing
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B
/image38_2.png)
Where:
VA = VA of the load
pf = power factor
η = efficiency of the UPS inverter (dc to ac)
Vdc = Average Discharge Voltage
Al = any addition load connected to the batteries (in A)
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/UPSBatterySizing_DDD4/2474_BatteryAmps_2_2.jpg)
Typical Performance Specification (Amperes per Cell @25 °C)
In general, a short term discharge battery can be recharged to 85% capacity in 8-10 times the discharge time. A long term
discharge battery can be recharged to 85% capacity in a minimum of 8 hours provided the charger is sized properly.
Assuming the UPS is float charging, the following charging current Ic is required:
Given:
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image40_2.png)
and
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image41_2.png)
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/Windows-Live-Writer/UPS-Battery-Sizing_E56B/image39_2.png)
Where:
Ic = Charging current
IB = Battery current required
Td = Battery discharge (run) time
k = Safety factor (typically 1.5)
Tr = Battery recharge time
Ii = Inverter current required
Ia = Any additional load in (A)
IEEE 485 Battery Sizing (http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/163/battery-sizing)
Batteries (https://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/batteries), UPS (https://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/ups), Equipment Sizing
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UPS Battery Sizing https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/164/ups-battery-sizing
(https://myelectrical.com/notes?tag=equipment+sizing), Equipment (https://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/equipment), Lead
Acid (https://myelectrical.com/notes?tag=lead+acid)
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Cable Sizing Tool (https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/182/cable-sizing-tool)
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Steven McFadyen (/users/steven)
Steven has over twenty five years experience working on some of the largest construction projects. He
has a deep technical understanding of electrical engineering and is keen to share this knowledge.
About the author
(/users/steven)
(http://myelectricalengineering.co.uk)
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UPS Battery Sizing https://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/164/ups-battery-sizing
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Jeen Projees • 2 years ago
Hi Mr Steven,
i need one help from you regarding UPS system. [ calculation of battery Ah selection, no of battery
]
We bought 250kva UPS 380/220V , 60HZ , 15 minutes backup.
this ups contain 92 pcs 12V, 92.8Ah battery. can you plz clarify[ by formula] that how they chose
92.8Ah battery and 92 pcs of battery.
Regards
Jeen
1 • Reply • Share ›
Albert Nathan • a month ago
Hi Mr Steven, need your help to calculate backup time for Modular UPS system as info below:-
UPS Capacity: 90kva,
Load Capacity: 30kva,
Battery used: 12V 7Ah x 32 no's x 8 strings,
Run time unit detects: 41 mins.
I cant find way to get the run time calculation based on above info's. I mean how the unit shows
run time of 41 mins based on load supplied? Perhaps you can guide me? Thanks to you in
advance.
• Reply • Share ›
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