Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By - GSG
Introduction
Many workplaces contain spaces that are considered
to be "confined" because their configurations that
hinder the activities of employees who must enter to
work in or exit from them.
In many instances, employees who are bound to
work in confined spaces also face increased risk of
exposure to serious physical injury from hazards
such as entrapment, engulfment and hazardous
atmospheric conditions.
What is Confined Space ?
Is large enough for an employee to enter fully and
perform assigned work.
Is not designed for continuous occupancy by the worker.
Has a limited or restricted means of entry or exit.
Can represent a risk for the for the health and safety of
anyone who enters, due to one or more of the following
factors:
Its design, construction, location or atmosphere.
The materials or substances in it.
Work activities being carried out in it, or
the mechanical, process and safety hazards present.
Types of Confined Space
Confined spaces can be below or above
ground.
A confined space, despite its name, is not
necessarily small.
Confined spaces vary in size, shape and
location and there isn't a standard or typical
application.
A confined space safety system can usually be
divided into either a "vertical" entry type
system or a "horizontal" type.
Typical Confined Spaces
Boiler, Degreaser, Furnace
Pipeline, Pit, Pumping Station
Reaction or Process Vessel, Mills
Septic Tank, Sewage Digester
Silo, Storage Tank, Barges
Sewer, Utility Vault, Manhole
Trenches, Shafts, Caissons
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Why Confined Space entry is required?
Entry into Confined Spaces may be necessary to
periodically perform the following functions:
Construction
Maintenance
Removal
Inspection
Cleaning
Repairing
Issues in Confined Space
Entry into confined spaces can be very dangerous /
hazardous.
A worker is considered to have entered a confined space
just by putting his head across the plane of the opening.
If the confined space contains toxic gases, workers who
are simply near the opening may be at risk.
The concentration of toxic gases near the entrance to
the confined space can be high enough to cause death.
Unless proper training, tools & procedures are in place,
workers must not be allowed to enter such spaces.
Hazards associated with Confined Space
Loss of consciousness or asphyxiation arising from
Toxic Atmosphere and Oxygen Deficiency.
Oxygen Enrichment
Flammable or Explosive Atmospheres
Flowing Liquid or Free Flowing Solids
Injuries arising from fire and explosion;
Electrocution
Falls from height.
Critters (Dangerous insects)
Psychological effect of person entering.
Other hazards due to fire injuries, excessive Heat,
Noise, Drowning arising from an increase in level of
liquid, Physical contact with moving parts; etc.
Hazards & Effects in Confined Space
Confined Space
Hazard Categories
Confined space hazard categories
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Control
Administrative Control
Personal Protective Equipment
Types of Confined Space
Non-Permitted
&
Permitted
Non-Permitted Confined Space
This does NOT contain physical, chemical or
atmospheric hazards capable of causing death or
serious physical harm.
However, Non-permit confined spaces should also be
monitored regularly to determine if conditions within
the space changes.
Examples of non-permit required confined spaces
might include the interiors of HVAC units, certain air
plenums and pipe chases, attics, walk-in freezers or
refrigerators, and some building crawl spaces.
Permit-Required Confined Space
By definition, a permit-required confined space
has one or more of these characteristics:
Contains or has the potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere;
Contains a material with the potential to engulf
someone who enters the space;
Has an internal configuration that might cause an
entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated and/or
Contains any other recognized serious safety or
health hazards.
Example -Permit-Required Confined Space
Entry supervisor.
Authorized entrant.
Attendant.