Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles through Hydrothermal

and Sol-Gel Methods

A dissertation submitted to the Periyar University in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of

DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY

Submitted by
V. GANESAN
Reg. No. 13PCH0647

Under the Guidance of

J. Vinothkumar M.Sc., M.Phil.,
Assistant Professor in Chemistry

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SELVAMM ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
Nationally Accredited at ‘A’ Grade (2nd cycle) by NAAC
UGC Recognized 2(f) and 12(B) Institution
Affiliated to Periyar University, Salem.
Namakkal – 637 003.
MARCH-201
J. Vinothkumar , M.Sc.,
Assistant Professor in Chemistry,
Selvamm Arts and Science College (Autonomous),
Namakkal

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation, entitled “Synthesis and Characterization of

TiO2Nanoparticles through Hydrothermal and Sol-Gel Methods” submitted to
the Periyar University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of Master of Chemistry is a record of original research work don
V.GANESAN by during the period 2013-2015 of his study in the Department of
Chemistry at Selvamm Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Namakkal, under
my supervision and guidance. The dissertation has not formed the basis for the
award of any Degree / Diploma / Associate ship / Fellowship or any other similar
title to any candidate of any other University.

Head of the Department Signature of the Guide

Examiners. 1.

2.
 DECLARATION

I am V. Ganesan with Reg. No. Reg.No. 13PCH0647, a research scholar

of Master of Science in physics at Selvamm Arts and Science College
(Autonomous), Namakkal affiliated by Periyar University, Salem. Hereby I declare
that the dissertation, entitled “Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2
Nanoparticles through Hydrothermal and Sol-Gel Methods” submitted by me
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
science is a record of my original research work.
I declare that this dissertation is the product of my own work, that it has not
been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University and
that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged as
complete references.

Signature of the Candidate

Place:

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I offer my deepest gratitude and special thanks to my project guide and
supervisor J. VINOTHKUMAR.M.SC., Assistant Professor, Department of
Chemistry, Selvam Arts and Science College, Namakkal for allowed to work in the
field of nanotechnology and for his guidance and encouragement followed by
suggestions and comments throughout the tenure of this project work. The
convenient working environment he has created is greatly appreciated. I would
also like to express my sincere gratitude toM. MUTHUKUMAR, Professor and
Head, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Selvam Arts and Science
College, Namakkal for given me permission to undertake this project in outside
universities.
It is my pleasure to express my due thanks to all faculty members of
Department of Chemistry, Selvam Arts and Science College, Namakkal for
motivating the research during my project work period.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to my family members for their
unlimited support during the whole work.
I express my thanks to all my Classmates for their good co-operation
and assistance during my project period.

V. GANESAN

CONTENT
CHAPTER PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.

I INTRODUCTION 1

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 21

III MATERIALS AND METHODS 28

IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 30

V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 35

VI REFERENCES 40

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Hydrothermal and

 Sol-Gel Methods

Abstract

Various methods employing to improve size and properties of the TiO 2

nanoparticles so as to enhance the performance of TiO2 based materials. In this
present work, we report the comparison between TiO 2nanoparticles prepared via
two different routes; i) via sol-gel route and ii) by hydrothermal method. It
was found that when prepared under the same ambient conditions viz
temperature, pressure etc. and keeping all the parameters same viz
precursors, mole ratio, solvent etc; the nanoparticles prepared via sol-gel
route were highly crystalline and had smaller crystallite size (~ 100 nm) as
compared to the one prepared by hydrothermal method(~ 200 nm). The
crystallinity and the crystallite size were examined by XRD. The band gap values
of the TiO2 nanoparticles were calculated to be 3.54 and 3.43 eV.
Photoluminescence (PL) was also recorded for the two types of particles and
results have been analyzed.