Faulty of Engineering south valley university

Sheet 2
1. A reducing elbow shown in Figure is used to deflect water (density = 998 kg/m3) flow at a rate of
0.03m3/s in a horizontal pipe upward by an angle Ө = 45° from the flow direction while accelerating
it. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere (𝑝2= 0). The cross-sectional area of the elbow is
150 cm2at the inlet and 25 cm2at the exit. The elevation difference between the centers of the exit
and the inlet is 40 cm. Determine (a) the mass flow rate 𝑚 ̇ and water velocity at sections 1 and 2, (b)
the pressure at section 1, and (c) the horizontal component of the anchoring force, 𝐹𝐴𝑥, needed
to hold the elbow in place. Assume frictionless, incompressible and steady flow.

Solution
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2. A horizontal water jet of constant velocity V impinges normally on a vertical flat plate and splashes off
the sides in the vertical plane. The plate is moving toward the oncoming water jet with velocity 0.5V.
If a force F is required to maintain the plate stationary, how much force is required to move the plate
toward the water jet?

Solution

 F =  m V −  m V
−FR = −m iVi

Stationary plate: ( Vi = V

m i = AV i = AV ) → FR = AV 2 = F

Moving plate:

Vi = 1.5V m i = AV i =  A(1.5V ) )

FR = A(1.5V ) 2 = 2.25AV 2 = 2.25F

Therefore, the force required to hold the plate stationary against the oncoming water jet becomes 2.25
times greater when the jet velocity becomes 1.5 times greater.
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3. A 100-ft3/s water jet is moving in the positive x-direction at 18 ft/s. The stream hits a stationary splitter, such that
half of the flow is diverted upward at 45° and the other half is directed downward, and both streams have a final
average speed of 18 ft/s. Disregarding gravitational effects, determine the x- and z-components of the force
required to hold the splitter in place against the water force.

solution

The momentum equation for steady flow is  F =  m V −  m V . We let the x- and y- components of the
out in
anchoring force of the splitter be FRx and FRz, and assume them to be in the positive directions. Noting that V2 = V1 = V and
m 2 = 12 m , the momentum equations along the x and z axes become

FRx = 2( 12 m )V 2 cos  − m V1 = m V (cos  −1)

FRz = 1 m (+V 2 sin  ) + 1 m (−V 2 sin  ) − 0 = 0
2 2

Substituting the given values,

 
F = (6240 lbm/s)(18 ft/s)(cos45 -1) 1 lbf = −1021.67 lbf  -1020 lbf

FRZ=0

Force is 1020 ibf