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  • Script: (Photosynthesis 10.3)

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    Ayman Bantuas
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    The document discusses the Calvin cycle, the second stage of photosynthesis. The Calvin cycle uses the energy from ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions to incorporate carbon from CO2 into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation. It consists of three phases - carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. The carbon fixation phase incorporates CO2 into a 5-carbon sugar, then the reduction phase reduces the sugar, and regeneration restores the CO2 acceptor so the cycle can repeat. The Calvin cycle builds sugars (glucose) from CO2 using the energy from sunlight captured in the light reactions.

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    The document discusses the Calvin cycle, the second stage of photosynthesis. The Calvin cycle uses the energy from ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions to incorporate carbon from CO2 into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation. It consists of three phases - carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. The carbon fixation phase incorporates CO2 into a 5-carbon sugar, then the reduction phase reduces the sugar, and regeneration restores the CO2 acceptor so the cycle can repeat. The Calvin cycle builds sugars (glucose) from CO2 using the energy from sunlight captured in the light reactions.

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    10 views1 page

    Script: (Photosynthesis 10.3)

    Uploaded by

    Ayman Bantuas
    The document discusses the Calvin cycle, the second stage of photosynthesis. The Calvin cycle uses the energy from ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions to incorporate carbon from CO2 into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation. It consists of three phases - carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. The carbon fixation phase incorporates CO2 into a 5-carbon sugar, then the reduction phase reduces the sugar, and regeneration restores the CO2 acceptor so the cycle can repeat. The Calvin cycle builds sugars (glucose) from CO2 using the energy from sunlight captured in the light reactions.

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    Script: (Photosynthesis 10.3) 10th Slide: (Discuss Content Mention: Hydrolysis.

    Why called Carbon fixation? It is because Carbon


    1st Slide: Assalamu 'alaikum & Good Afternoon. I am fixation refers to the initial incorporation of CO2 into
    Naifah Pangandaman Abdullah. So, to continue our organic material.)
    discussion about Photosynthesis, let us move on to
    Concept 10.3 entitled The Calvin cycle uses the 11th slide: (Basic explanation of the representation)
    chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2
    12th slide: (Broad explanation of the representation)
    to sugar or simply the second stage of photosynthesis
    the Dark reactions, specifically, the Calvin cycle. 13th slide: 03 Reduction

    2nd Slide: As discussed by the previous 14th slide: (Discuss content)


    reporters,Photosynthesis is a process that has two
    stages: the 'photo' part, Light reactions, & the synthesis 15th slide: (Basic explanation of the representation)
    part, Dark reactions. In our discussion we are going to
    16th slide: (Broad explanation of the representation)
    focus on the Dark reactions or the synthesis part of the
    process. 17th slide: 04 Regeneration

    3rd Slide: (Read & Mention: ATP - an energy storage 18th slide: (Discuss content)
    molecule & NADPH [Nicotinamide Adenine
    Dinucleotide Phosphate] a reduced electron carrier.) 19th slide: So, let's have the summary
    Obviously, this stage is called the 'Light reactions' or
    20th slide: (Explain)
    the light dependent reactions because it is driven by
    the solar energy coming from the sun. On the other 21st slide: (Explain)
    hand, we have the Dark reactions(Read). These
    reactions are also called the light- 22nd slide: (Explain)
    independent reactions not because they happen during
    23rd slide: (Explain)
    night but because they are not directly driven by light.
    Instead, they are using the chemical energy from the 24th slide: (Explain)
    products of Light reactions, which are the ATP and
    the NADPH. 25th slide: (Explanation of the image & Viewing of
    video)
    4th Slide: (Discuss image). So, here is an image which
    shows the two stages of photosynthesis working 26th slide: So, this is the end of Photosynthesis 10.3. I
    together. hope you learned much from my discussion. Any
    clarifications? If none, thank you for listening and
    5th Slide: (Discuss content). wassalam.
    6th Slide: 01 Calvin Cycle

    7th Slide: (Read) So, he explained this cycle in an


    easier and clearer way. Because of this, Melvin Calvin
    was awarded with a Nobel prize in Chemistry in 1961.
    Later, He died in the year 1997.

    8th Slide: The Calvin Cycle is composed of three


    phases - The Carbon fixation, Reduction, &
    Regeneration. Calvin Cycle is Anabolic meaning this
    process is the (building up)synthesis of complex
    molecule from simpler ones. In short, Simple to
    complex. This reaction is considered an endergonic
    reaction meaning it absorbs energy from its
    surrounding.

    9th Slide: 02 Carbon fixation

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