Forming a simple sentence(s+v)

A simple sentence in English consists of a subject, a verb and a complement.

The subject can be a noun or a pronoun. The verb can be a normal verb or an
auxiliary one.

Pronouns and Possessive adjectives

Personal pronouns; I, you, he, she, it, we and they. The verb to be of each
pronoun. Possessive adjectives; My, your, his, her, its, our and their. Possessive
pronouns; mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours and theirs.

Because and because of

"Because" is used when it is followed by a phrase or a sentence. E.g. he is tire
because he has been running.

"because of" is followed by a noun. e.g. I failed because of him.

Capital Letters:

Questions in the past

Go back to your grammar word file.

Passive voice**
-We use the Passive voice when the subject is not known or unimportant. We
use it also when we want to focus on the action rather than the subject.

e.g. The window was broken.

-How to form the passive voice:

Subject + be + past participle

I am surprised.

He is surprised.

They are surprise.

I was surprised.
He was surprised.

They were surprised.

The letter has been mailed.

The letters have been mailed.

The letter will be mailed.

The letters are going to be mailed.

The letter is being sent.

The letters are being sent.

The letters were being sent.

The letter was being sent.

-If we want to mention the doer of the action we add "by sb" at the end of the
sentence.

Comparisons
-To say that two things are the same or almost the same use: as adjective as.
E.g. Jane is as tall as Jack.

-Comparative: to compare things use: "A" is taller than "B". "A" is more
generous than "B". when a word consists of two syllables or more, use more
before them as in the second example. When a word is one-syllable, add "er"
at the end of the word as in the first example.

-Superlative: to compare one thing to a whole, use: "A", "B", "C" and "D" are
sisters. "A" is the tallest. "A" is the most generous. Adjectives that are one-
syllable are preceded by "the" and added to its end "est". Adjectives that are
two-syllable or more are preceded by "the most" as in the previous examples.

NOTE: two-syllable adjectives which end with "y" are accompanied by "er" and
"est" when comparing. The "y" changes into "i".

-Irregular forms: good\well = better = the best.

 Bad\badly = worse = the worst

I am taller than he is. Correct

I am taller than he. correct

I am taller than him. Wrong and informal

However, ignore it.

-Common expressions: the more, the merrier = the more is better.

The sooner, the better. = it is good if we leave as soon as we can.

Conditionals
Conditionals have four usages:

1- First Conditional (present tense, future tense): when using the present
tense, we are talking about a true situation. Its form:

-If + subject + verb form + object , subject + will + verb form + object.

e.g. If you need money, I will lend you.

2- Second Conditional (past simple, would): when using the past tense, we are
talking about an imaginary or impossible situation or something that cannot
happen or something that is not true. its form:

-If + subject + past verb + object , subject + would + verb form + object

e.g. If I had enough money, I would buy a villa.

3- Third Conditional (had v3, would have): if we want to talk about something
contrary to a truth in the past, use the following form:

-If + subject + had + past participle + object , subject + would + have + past
participle + object

e.g. If I had been rich, I would have bought a villa.

e.g. If I had had enough money, I would have bought a fast car.
4- Zero Conditional: is used to talk about something that is always true, or that
was always true in the past. Its form;

-If + subject + present verb + object , subject + present verb + object.

e.g. If you heat water, it boils.

e.g. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

Forming questions using all question words