Ams 2470 PDF

SAE-AMS2470
ADOPTION NOTICE
SAE-AMS2470, "ALUMINUM ALLOYS CHROMIC ACID PROCESS, ANODIC

TREATMENT OF", was adopted on 03-OCT-94 for use by the Department
of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be
submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Commander, Naval Air
Warfare Center, Aircraft Division, Code 414100B120-3, Highway
547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733-5100. Copies of this document may be
purchased from the Society of Automotive Engineers 400
Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States,
15096-0001. http://www.sae.org/
___________________
Custodians: Adopting Activity:

Army - AR Navy - AS
Navy - AS
Air Force - 11
AREA MFFP
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution

is unlimited.
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COPYRIGHT 2002; SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc) Document provided by IHS Licensee=Honeywell Tempe AZ / Bristol Ct/2142204100,
User=, 12/11/2002 20:15:11 MST Questions or comments about this message: please
call the Document Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
AMS 2470L
AEROSPACE
MATERIAL Issued JAN 1940
400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
SPECIFICATION Revised JUL 2000
Superseding AMS 2470K
Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys

Chrome Acid Process
1. SCOPE:
1.1 Purpose:
This specification establishes the engineering requirements for producing anodic coatings on
aluminum alloys and the properties of such coatings.
1.2 Application:
This process has been used typically to increase corrosion resistance and to provide surfaces which
will promote adherence of paint and other organic finishes, and has been found useful for
assemblies which have faying surfaces and/or which may trap electrolyte, but usage is not limited to
such applications.
1.2.1 This process is primarily applicable to aluminum and aluminum alloy parts which have nominal
copper content not greater than 5% by weight or total nominal alloy content not greater than 7.5%
by weight, AMS 2471 being recommended for parts having higher alloy content. Coating may be
dyed if specified, but AMS 2472 is recommended where a colored finish is required.
1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials:
While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this
specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the
hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure
familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary
precautionary measure to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved.
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:
The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order form a part of this
specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a
document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been
canceled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document
shall apply.
SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely
voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”
SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.
Copyright 2000 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-7161 FAX: (724) 776-0243
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TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790

SAE WEB ADDRESS:
COPYRIGHT 2002; SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)
http://www.sae.org Document provided by IHS Licensee=Honeywell Tempe AZ / Bristol Ct/2142204100,
AMS 2470L SAE AMS 2470L
2.1 SAE Publications:
Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
AMS 2471 Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys, Sulfuric Acid Process, Undyed Coating
AMS 2472 Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys, Sulfuric Acid Process, Dyed Coating
AMS 2473 Chemical Film Treatment for Aluminum Alloys, General Purpose Coating
AMS 4037 Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn, (2024; -T3 Flat Sheet, -T351
Plate), Solution Heat Treated
2.2 ASTM Publications:
Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
ASTM B 117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing Apparatus

ASTM B 137 Measurement of Mass of Coating on Anodically Coated Aluminum
ASTM D 3762 Adhesive Bonded Surface Durability of Aluminum (Wedge Test)
3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:
3.1 Solutions:
3.1.1 Electrolyte: Should be an aqueous solution of chromic acid of suitable concentration (See 8.2.9)
maintained within ±4 °F (±2 °C) of the temperature approved as in 4.4.2.
3.1.1.1 Use of surfactants (anti-misting additives) to minimize airborne emission of chromium into the
environment may be made only when approved by the cognizant engineering organization as in
4.4.
3.1.1.1.1 If surfactants have been approved for use and if anodized parts are to be subsequently
adhesively bonded, purchaser shall notify processor of the need to perform the adhesive bond
verification test of 3.3.3.
3.1.2 Dye: Shall be as required to produce the specified color.
3.1.3 Sealer: Unless otherwise permitted, the sealer shall be water of suitable purity and controlled pH
(See 8.2.10) maintained at a suitable temperature (See 8.2.12).
3.2 Procedure:
3.2.1 Cleaning and Deoxidation: Parts shall have clean surfaces, free from water break, prior to
immersion in the anodizing bath.
3.2.1.1 Cleaning materials or products used for surface preparation containing iron, such as steel wool,
iron oxide rouge, or steel wire, which may become embedded in the metal and accelerate
subsequent corrosion, are prohibited.
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3.2.2 Tight electrical contact shall be maintained during the anodic treatment, to prevent contact arcing
(burning) of parts, but small irregularities of coating at points of electrical contact are acceptable.
3.2.3 Coating: The cleaned parts shall be made the anode(s) in the electrolyte contained in a suitable
chemical-resistant tank which may also serve as the cathode. The processing shall be adjusted to
obtain the required weight and quality of the coatings. The rate of increase of the voltage shall be
maintained within a range of two volts per minute of the nominal value, and the anodizing voltage
shall be maintained within two volts of the nominal value. After anodizing, parts shall be rinsed
thoroughly in water at ambient temperature and sealed (See 3.2.5) unless dyeing (See 3.2.4) or
other treatment is specified.
3.2.4 Dyeing: Parts shall be dyed, when specified, to the color required by immersing in an appropriate
dye solution. The anodic coating shall not be allowed to dry before dyeing. The temperature of the
solution and the time of immersion shall be as necessary to produce the specified color. Either the
parts or the solution shall be agitated during immersion. Parts shall then be rinsed in clean water at
ambient temperature.
3.2.5 Sealing: Parts shall be immersed in the sealant solution for a suitable time and temperature (See
8.2.12), then rinsed. The rinse shall be thorough, but slight staining resulting from the sealant
solution is acceptable. Rinsing is not required if deionized water is used for sealing.
3.2.6 Masking: Areas where anodizing is prohibited shall be masked.
3.3 Properties:
Coated parts shall conform to the following requirements:
3.3.1 Coating Weight: The coating weight (See 4.3.2.1), determined in accordance with ASTM B 137,
shall be not less than 200 mg/square foot (2 g/m 2) on parts which are not to be dyed, and not less
than 500 mg/square foot (5 g/m2) on parts which are to be dyed.
3.3.1.1 If small parts, such as rivets or machine screws, are anodized in bulk in a container, the specified
coating weight shall apply to not less than 75% of the parts treated together, determined by
random sampling, but in no case shall any part show uncoated areas.
3.3.2 Corrosion Resistance: Panels (See 4.3.2.2) shall meet the following requirements, determined
after exposure for not less than 336 hours to salt spray corrosion test in accordance with
ASTM B 117, except that the significant surface shall be inclined 6 degrees from the vertical. Areas
within 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of identification markings or of an edge, or at electrode contact marks,
shall not be included.
Fifteen scattered spots or pits, none larger than 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) diameter, on a total of
150 square inches (968 cm 2) of test area from five or more test pieces.
Five scattered spots or pits, none larger than 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) diameter, on any
30 square inches (194 cm2) of test area from one or more test pieces.
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3.3.2.1 Panels which are acceptable to the criteria of 3.3.2 but which exhibit patchy dark gray areas
(spots, streaks, or marks) with a white chalky film on the surface shall be examined at 10X
magnification. Pits, if discovered, shall be added to those found with the unaided eye and the
acceptance criteria reapplied.
3.3.3 Adhesive Bond Verification Test: When anti-misting agents are used as in 3.1.1.1 and in 3.1.1.1.1,
the effect of such agents on adhesive bond strength shall be determined in accordance with
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ASTM D 3762, using panels primed and adhesively bonded using materials and procedures
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acceptable to purchaser. Test panels shall be conditioned by exposure to 100% RH at a

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temperature of 100 °F ± 5 (49 °C ± 3) for 60 minutes, minimum. Crack growth in excess of

0.25 inch (6.4 mm) or any evidence of adhesion failure at the anodize/primer interface shall be
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cause for failure.

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3.4 Touch Up:
Parts on which the anodic coating has been scratched or damaged superficially may be coated using
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AMS 2473 or another method acceptable to the cognizant engineering organization. Touch-up,
unless otherwise specified, shall not exceed 0.5 inches (13 mm) in its longest dimension, except that
scratches that are essentially one dimensional (less than 0.03 inch (0.8 mm) wide) may be reworked.
The total reworked area shall not exceed 5% of the total surface area.
3.5 Quality:
Anodic coating, as received by purchaser, shall be continuous, smooth, adherent, and uniform in
appearance, and shall be free from powdery areas, loose films, discontinuities, such as breaks or
scratches (except at contact points), or other damage or imperfections detrimental to usage of the
coating.
3.5.1 Parts sealed in sodium dichromate solution may have a characteristic yellow color, and those
sealed in nickel acetate solution may have a characteristic gray-green color. Slight variations in
color between cast and machined surfaces, between welds and adjacent areas, due to grain size
or grain flow variations, or due to variation in alloy composition from lot to lot, are acceptable.
4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS:
4.1 Responsibility for Inspection:
The processor shall supply all samples for processor’s tests and shall be responsible for
performance of all required tests. Parts, if required for tests, shall be supplied by purchaser.
Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary
to ensure that processing conforms to specified requirements.
4.2 Classification of Tests:
4.2.1 Acceptance Tests: Quality (3.5) and color (3.1.2), if specified, are acceptance tests and shall be
performed on each lot.
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4.2.2 Periodic Tests: Coating weight (3.3.1), corrosion resistance (3.3.2), adhesive bond verification
(3.3.3) when required by purchaser, and tests of cleaning and processing solutions to ensure that
the anodic coating will conform to the specified requirements are periodic tests and shall be
performed at a frequency selected by the processor unless frequency of testing is specified by
purchaser.
4.2.3 Preproduction Tests: All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be performed
prior to or on the initial shipment of processed parts to a purchaser, when a change in material and/
or processing requires approval by the cognizant engineering organization (See 4.4.2), and when
the purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required.
4.3 Sampling and Testing:
Shall be not less than the following: a lot shall be all parts of the same part number processed in a
continuous series of operations (3.2.4 to 3.2.6, inclusive), in not longer than 24 consecutive hours,
and presented for the processor’s inspection at one time.
4.3.1 For Acceptance and Preproduction Tests: Shall be as shown in Table 1, and as follows. For
preproduction tests for coating weight and corrosion resistance, sample quantity shall be selected
by the processor unless quantity is specified by purchaser.
4.3.1.1 Adhesive Bond Verification Tests (3.3.3): Shall be determined on three samples fabricated from
AMS 4037 aluminum alloy, using dimensions in ASTM D 3762.
TABLE 1 - Sampling for Acceptance Tests

Number of Parts Quality
In Lot and Color
Up to 7 All
8 to 15 7
16 to 40 10
41 to 110 15
111 to 300 25
301 to 500 35
Over 500 50
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4.3.2 For Periodic Tests: Sample quantity shall be selected at the discretion of the processor, unless
otherwise specified, except for corrosion testing, which shall be carried out at a frequency not less
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than monthly.
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4.3.2.1 Coating Weight: Shall be determined on representative parts when size and shape permit
accurate determination of surface area. If parts are of such size and shape that surface area
cannot be determined readily, coating weight determinations shall be made on separate test
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panels 0.025 to 0.063 inch (0.64 to 1.60 mm) thick and not less than 3 inches (76 mm) square
fabricated from AMS 4037 aluminum alloy.
4.3.2.1.1 Separate test panels, if used, shall be processed with the work they represent.
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4.3.2.2 Corrosion Resistance: Shall be determined on separate test panels 0.025 to 0.063 inch (0.64 to
1.60 mm) thick and not less than 3 x 10 inches (76 x 254 mm) in width and length fabricated from
AMS 4037 aluminum alloy.
4.4 Approval:
4.4.1 Processes, control factors, or preproduction sample part or test panel, or any combination thereof
specified, shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization before production parts are
supplied.
4.4.2 The processor shall make no significant change to materials, processes, or control factors from
those on which approval was based, unless the change is approved by the cognizant engineering
organization. A significant change is one which, in the judgment of the cognizant engineering
organization, could affect the properties or performance of the parts.
4.4.3 Control factors for anodizing shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
Cleaning procedure, including the compositions and temperatures of the baths used
Deoxidation process
Anodizing bath composition (including impurity limits), temperature, and agitation method
Anti-misting agents (including composition and concentration), if used
Rate of voltage rise, anodizing voltage, and time of anodizing
Sealing solution composition (including impurity limits), temperature, and pH
Touch up method, if used
Purity of water used for sealing and rinsing
Periodic test plan
4.5 Reports:
The processor of coated parts shall furnish with each shipment a report stating that the parts have
been processed and tested in accordance with specified requirements and that they conform to the
acceptance test requirements. This report shall include the purchase order number, lot number,
AMS 2470L, part number, and quantity.
4.6 Resampling and Retesting:
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4.6.1 If results of any acceptance test fail to meet specified requirements, the parts in that lot may be
stripped by a method acceptable to purchaser that does not roughen or pit the basis metal or
adversely affect dimensional tolerances, pretreated, coated, post treated as defined herein, and
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tested. Alternatively, all parts in the lot may be inspected for the nonconforming attribute, and the
nonconforming parts may be stripped by a method acceptable to purchaser that does not roughen
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or pit the basis metal or adversely affect dimensional tolerances, pretreated, coated, post treated
as defined herein, and tested.
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4.6.2 If results of any periodic test fail to meet specified requirements, the process is nonconforming. No
additional parts shall be coated until the process is corrected and new specimens are coated and
tested. Results of all tests shall be recorded and, when requested, reported. Purchaser shall be
notified of all parts coated since the last acceptable test.
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5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY:
5.1 Coated parts shall be handled and packaged to ensure that the required physical characteristics and
properties of the coating are preserved.
5.2 Packages of coated parts shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice
and in compliance with applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and
transportation of the parts to ensure carrier acceptance and safe delivery.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
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Processor shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when
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acknowledging purchase orders.
7. REJECTIONS:
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Parts on which the coating does not conform to this specification, or to modifications authorized by
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purchaser, will be subject to rejection.
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8. NOTES:
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8.1 A change bar ( l ) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where
technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this specification.
An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the specification,
including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in
specifications that contain editorial changes only.
8.2 Precautions:
8.2.1 Preparation: All fabrication-type operations, such as forming, shot peening, brazing, welding,
perforating, machining, and heat treatment, should be completed before the parts are anodized.
8.2.2 Surfaces to be painted should be handled with care after anodizing to prevent rupture of the film
and contamination by dirt or oil. Painting, if required, should be performed as soon after treatment
as is practicable.
8.2.3 Aluminum parts which contain inserts of other metals should be properly masked before anodizing
to seal off the non-aluminum material.
8.2.4 Hooks or racks, except those made from titanium, should have the anodic film removed from
contact areas prior to reuse.
8.2.5 Holes, whether tapped or not, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter or greater, with an L/D ratio of three
or less, should anodize. In the case of small holes, coating thickness may vary from no film to a full
normal coating.
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8.2.6 Anodic coatings will affect dimensions, although less so for chromic acid anodizing than for other
types. Special attention should be given to external and internal threads. The pitch diameter of
external threads may increase two to four times the coating thickness.
8.2.7 Although the exact thickness of chromic acid anodic coatings will depend on the processing
parameters, the normal range is 0.00006 to 0.0002 inch (1.5 to 5 µm). This, with the growth, which
is one-third to one-half the coating thickness and inherent brittleness of the coating, should be
considered for possible cause of damage during interference fit of assemblies.
8.2.8 Surface finish of the machined part prior to anodizing should be better than the surface finish
requirement of the anodized area. Any polishing or honing of the coating will be harmful.
8.2.9 Electrolyte: Technical grade, or better, chromic acid should be used. Chloride content should not
exceed the equivalent of 0.2 gram of sodium chloride per liter. Sulfate content should not exceed
the equivalent of 0.5 gram of sulfuric acid per liter.
8.2.10 Sealing Water: Silicate concentration should not exceed 3.5 ppm silica. Total solid concentration
should not exceed 12 ppm. pH should be maintained between 5.0 and 6.5, with additions of
chromic or acetic acid.
8.2.11 If sodium dichromate sealing is specified, the solution should be a 5% by weight aqueous solution
of sodium dichromate, maintained at 195 to 212 °F (91 to 100 °C). The pH should be 5.0 to 6.0.
Sodium dichromate sealing is not recommended for dyed coatings.
8.2.12 Sealing Time: Should not be less than 20 minutes at 170 to 199 °F (77 to 93 °C) and not less than
ten minutes at 200 °F (93 °C) or higher. When sodium dichromate sealing solution is used, the
time should not be less than 15 minutes.
8.3 Dimensions in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions in SI units
and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are
presented only for information.
8.4 Purchase documents should specify not less than the following:
AMS 2470L
Material
Part number of parts to be coated
Quantity of parts to be coated
8.5 Key Words:
Corrosion resistance, adherence, organic finishes, paint, anti-misting
PREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF AMS COMMITTEE “B”
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SAE-AMS2470

SAE-AMS2470, "ALUMINUM ALLOYS CHROMIC ACID PROCESS, ANODIC

Custodians: Adopting Activity:

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution

-- || | || | ||| ||||| || || |||| ||||| ||||||||||| ||||||---

Superseding AMS 2470K

Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys

1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials:

TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790

2.1 SAE Publications:

Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

2.2 ASTM Publications:

ASTM B 117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing Apparatus

3.1.2 Dye: Shall be as required to produce the specified color.

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3.2.6 Masking: Areas where anodizing is prohibited shall be masked.

Coated parts shall conform to the following requirements:

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acceptable to purchaser. Test panels shall be conditioned by exposure to 100% RH at a

temperature of 100 °F ± 5 (49 °C ± 3) for 60 minutes, minimum. Crack growth in excess of

cause for failure.

3.4 Touch Up:

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS:

4.1 Responsibility for Inspection:

4.2 Classification of Tests:

4.3 Sampling and Testing:

TABLE 1 - Sampling for Acceptance Tests

4.6 Resampling and Retesting:

5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY:

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8.5 Key Words:

Corrosion resistance, adherence, organic finishes, paint, anti-misting

PREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF AMS COMMITTEE “B”

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