Greek Period

Greek Archaic Period (700-500 BCE)

City states start a program of colonizing
developing new towns
Colonial settlements
◦ Well organized
◦ Market and temple at the center
◦ Elongated rectangular blocks around
◦ Public facilities for recreation and
entertainment
◦ Protective walls
◦ Grid plan towns
Architectural structure
Temple
◦ Mycenaean megaron
◦ Simple one room structures (early)
◦ Statue of deity

Earliest temple
◦ Covered portico/ porch
◦ Mud brick walls
◦ Thatch sloping roof
◦ Wooden columns (later) (peripteral columns)
Temple of Hera at
Olympia (600 – 590 BCE)
Stone columns
Fired clay roof tiles
2 in antis columns
Between antae
Orders of Architecture
1. Classical language of architecture
2. Base
3. Capital
4. Shaft
5. Entablature
6. Orders of architecture
7. Vitruvius
◦ Doric
◦ Ionic
◦ Corinthian
Doric order/ column
No base
Simplest capital
Fluted shaft
Entablature
◦ Plain architrave
◦ Alternating metopes and triglyphs in frieze
◦ Cornice
Arris
Limestone
◦ Locally available
◦ Limited length of spans for lintels
◦ Diameter of column need to support heavy tiled roof
Ionic order/ column
Base
Fluted shaft
Capital with volutes (scrolls)
entablature
◦ Architrave
◦ Frieze
◦ Coast of Asia minor – 3 stepped band of masonry
◦ Mainland Greece – continuous sculpted relief

Cornice with dentils

Marble
◦ Slender profile
Temple of Hera, Paestum, Southern Italy
1. 550 BCE
2. Sturdy Doric
3. Bulbous echinus molding capital
4. Flat square abacus block
5. Triglyphs – metopes alternate
◦ Corners
◦ last metope elongated
◦ Triglyphs meeting point

6. Visible joints of lime stone blocks

7. Limited span capability
8. Odd number of columns
Classical Period (479 BC – 323 BC)
Battle of 480 BC attack
Archaic period
Marathon on Athens

Darius attacks 479 BC

Darius attacks
mainland (490 Persians
Greek cities
BC) defeated

Dominated
Revolted but
from middle of Delian League
reconquered
6th century
The Parthenon, Athens
(448 – 432 BCE)
Dedicated to Athena Polias
Remains of old temple
◦ Column drums
◦ Metopes

Pentelic Marble
Doric temple
◦ 8 columns wide
◦ 17 columns deep

Ionic attributes
◦ Slender column proportions
◦ Continuous frieze around the exterior of cella wall
◦ Use of ionic order in western opisthodomos (4)
 The Parthenon, Athens (448 – 432 BCE)
6 prostyle columns
Entasis
Stylobate
Columns
Sculpted figures
2 pediments
Metopes
Cella

1687 1975
2nd century BCE Christian Venetians
Mosque ammunition restoration
statue broken church bombardment
storage project