Advanced Design For Signal Integrity and Compliance: Outline

01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance.  F.
Canavero, 2015
01OUXOQ, 01OUXOT, 01OUXOV, 01OUXPE
Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and

Compliance
1. Introduction
Flavio Canavero
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
flavio.canavero@polito.it
01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance.  F.Canavero, 2015
Outline
• Overview & Definitions
• Design for EMC compliance

– Examples
• Practical demonstrator
• Virtual design
• Final Remarks
1
Non-Compliance
Effects of EMI
 Momentary disturbance in TV and radio reception due to
operation of mixer-grinder / electric shavers / a passing
vehicle etc.
 Reset of computers and loss of data.
 Burn out of sensitive cells / components.
 Change of setting of status of control equipments.
 Failure of pace maker implanted in a patient due to a
‘walkietalkie’.
 False initiation of electro explosive detonator.
 Malfunctioning of flight controlling system due to use of
laptop by passenger.
2
Birth of EMC
Chicago, circa 1930
Automobiles vs TV  FCC
EMC- Electromagnetic Compatibility

Definition
Capability of an electronic system to function
compatibly with other electronic systems and not
produce or be susceptible to interference
A system is electromagnetically compatible if:

 It does not cause interference with other systems
 It is not susceptible to emissions from other systems
 It does not cause interference with itself
3
Urban Ambient Profile
Cell phone
FM Radio
Switching noise
4
Concepts and Definitions

• For an EMC problem to exist:
– System/Device that generates interference
– System/Device that is susceptible to the interference
– Coupling path
EMC Terminology /1
Radiated Interference Enters and Exits Equipment through
Wiring and Enclosure Penetration
10
5
EMC Terminology /2
Radiated Interference Enters and Exits Equipment through
Wiring and Enclosure Penetration
11
EMC Terminology /3
Conducted Interference Enters and Exits Equipment
through Wiring and Cabling
12
6
EMC Terminology /4
Conducted Interference Enters and Exits Equipment
through Wiring and Cabling
13
EMC Terminology /summary
Radiated Susceptibility Radiated Emissions
Conducted Susceptibility Conducted Emissions
14
7
EMC Standards
Objectives of EMC Standards
• EM spectrum protection
• Adequate power quality
• Compatibility between collocated electrical and electronic systems
for trouble-free operation
Standards setting Institutions

DOD - Department of Defence (USA)  MIL standards
IEC -International Electrotechnical Commission  EU standards
CISPR -International Special Committee on Radio Interference  EU
standards
FCC -Federal Communication Commission (USA)
BSI -British Standard Institution ( UK )
VDE -Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker (Germany)
15
16
8
Outline

– Examples
• Virtual design
• Final Remarks
17
Traditional Industrial Approach
1) Functional Design product/system
2) Product Compatibility
in/with its environment product/system
. Tests & Standards environment
. Design modifications
18
9
A New Scenario
• Information/Communication
Technology constraints
− system complexity
− miniaturization & integration
− signal speed
• Industrial constraints
Time to market!
– quality
– cost reduction
– time to market
19
Implication
Functional design cannot leave out the

compatibility of the product/system
20
10
Practical Example: a typical electronic product

 Electronic circuits on printed circuit board (PCB) to perform the necessary
function
 Switched-mode power supply (SMPS) to convert high-voltage AC to low-

voltage DC for the circuits
 Interfacing cables for data transfer
and control
 Mechanical structure
(metallic or not) to house
PCB, SMPS and other sub-
modules
21
Demonstrator Design
The device:
a simple
counter
22
11
PCB implementation
23
Radiated emission of PCB connected to a

switching-mode power supply
24
12
Packaged device into a metal box
25
Radiated emission of PCB

packaged into a metal box
26
13
PCB redesign
27
Radiated emission of redesigned PCB
28
14
Packaging redesign
29
Comparison of Radiated emission

of initial and redesigned devices
30
15
Demonstator: Lessons learnt

 Demonstrator design to understand Radiated Electromagnetic
Interference control:
o impact of PCB design (loops, ground potential, …)
o effects of attached cables (need to keep Common Mode
under control)
o product layout and packaging (cables layout, holes and
contacts of metal box, …)
 Easy to build, instructive; it requires an EMC lab or at least
some instrumentation
31
Virtual Design
• Products with
− High complexity
− Small size
− High integration
− Reduced time to market
• Need for design before product is built

− Brute-force numerical simulation is often unsuitable
because of memory requirements and execution time
− Models are required
32
16
Modeling for Design

Global decap
On-package decap
Local decap
Multi-layer stack-up
with several
PWR/GND pair
Local decap
•3D full wave simulators
•Analytic formulations
Magic
•Tools for circuit extraction
Pot
33
Rational fitting: why?

Circuit solvers understand circuits
Any lumped circuit has rational

frequency responses (poles-residues,
poles-zeros, ratio of polynomials)
N
Rn
H (s)    H
Magnitude
n 1 s  pn
1
S(1,1)
S(8,1)
0.5
Impedance, admittance, scattering
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Phase
5
S(1,1) Extraction of an equivalent circuit
S(8,1)
0 is an inverse problem (two-step)

-5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Frequency [GHz]
34
17
Macromodeling
• Rational approximation
N
Rn
S ( j )    S
n 1 j  p n
• Eqv. circuit synthesis

– SPICE ready
#2 #3
#1
35
Use of Macromodel in Simulation
• Arbitrary (non-linear) terminations
010101
#2 #3
#1
36
18
Modeling for Virtual Design: Lessons learnt

• Methodology to build lumped-element SPICE models of
components based on their frequency-domain
characterization.
– model synthesis to take into account of physical non-idealities (e.g,
frequency-dependent behavior)
– parameters variability to account for manufacturing dispersion
• Combine full-wave solution with macromodeling and

SPICE synthesis
– Evaluation of incident fields
– Independent on the T-line routing path
– Allows computation of distributed sources
– Suitable for optimization, what-if, and sensitivity
– Enables time-domain simulation with NL terminations
37
Outline

– Examples
• Virtual design
• Final Remarks
38
19
• For cost-effective compliance, EMC must be

considered throughout product/system
development
available
tools
cost
39
Recommendations
• Be Quantitative!
– No simple hand-waving arguments
– No design rules only
• Do EMC not only to comply with regulations,

but also to improve performance
• Do always a mix of simulation and

measurement (i.e., theory and practice)
40
20
Conclusion
• EMC
– Is not only reading boring Standards documents
– Is not only doing routine testing of equipment
– Is also creative thinking for challenging problems solution
– It requires strong integration of competencies:

electromagnetics
circuits systems
41
21

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01OUX… - Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and Compliance.  F.

01OUXOQ, 01OUXOT, 01OUXOV, 01OUXPE

Advanced Design for Signal Integrity and

• Overview & Definitions

• Design for EMC compliance

Chicago, circa 1930

EMC- Electromagnetic Compatibility

A system is electromagnetically compatible if:

Urban Ambient Profile

Concepts and Definitions

EMC Terminology /summary

Radiated Susceptibility Radiated Emissions

Conducted Susceptibility Conducted Emissions

Standards setting Institutions

• Overview & Definitions

• Design for EMC compliance

Traditional Industrial Approach

1) Functional Design product/system

. Tests & Standards environment

Functional design cannot leave out the

Practical Example: a typical electronic product

 Switched-mode power supply (SMPS) to convert high-voltage AC to low-

Radiated emission of PCB connected to a

Packaged device into a metal box

Radiated emission of PCB

Radiated emission of redesigned PCB

Comparison of Radiated emission

Demonstator: Lessons learnt

• Need for design before product is built

Modeling for Design

•3D full wave simulators

Rational fitting: why?

Any lumped circuit has rational

0 is an inverse problem (two-step)

• Eqv. circuit synthesis

Use of Macromodel in Simulation

• Arbitrary (non-linear) terminations

Modeling for Virtual Design: Lessons learnt

• Combine full-wave solution with macromodeling and

• Overview & Definitions

• Design for EMC compliance

• For cost-effective compliance, EMC must be

– No design rules only

• Do EMC not only to comply with regulations,

• Do always a mix of simulation and

– Is not only doing routine testing of equipment

– Is also creative thinking for challenging problems solution

– It requires strong integration of competencies:

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