MINISTRY OF HIGHER

EDUATION&SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY OF KIRKUK
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL MACHINE

(AC SERVO MOTORS)

SUPERVISED BY: Mrs. ZAINAB MAHMOOD

BY: ABD-ULMOMEN KHALID MAHMOOD

STAGE THREE&MORNING STUDY

AC SERVO MOTORS: -
AC servo motor includes an encoder which is used by the controllers to give the
feedback as well as closed loop control. AC motor can be located to high
accuracy as well as controlled accurately as necessary for the applications.
These motors have superior designs in order to achieve better torque. The AC
servo motor applications mainly include in robotics, automation,
CNC equipment, and many more applications.

TYPES OF AC SERVO MOTORS: -

The AC servo motors are classified into different types which are
 Positional Rotation Servo Motor
 Continuous Rotation Servo Motor
 Linear Servo Motor
POSITIONAL ROTATION SERVO MOTOR: -
The most common kind of servo motor is Positional rotation motor. The output
of the shaft in motor rotates with 180 degrees. This type of motor mainly
comprises includes physical stops that are placed in the gear mechanism to
prevent rotating outside to protect the rotation sensor. The applications of
positional rotation servo motor include in robots, aircraft, toys, controlled cars, &
many more applications.

CONTINUOUS ROTATION SERVO MOTOR: -

Both common positional rotation servo motor and continuous rotation servo
motor are same, except it can go in every direction without a fixed limit. The
control signal alternately locates the static point of the servo to understand the
direction as well as the speed of rotation. The variety of potential commands will
cause the motor for rotating in the directions of clockwise otherwise anticlockwise
as chosen by altering speed, based on the control signal. The application of
continuous rotation servo motor includes a radar dish. For example, if you are
traveling single on a robot otherwise you can employ one like a drive motor over
a mobile robot.
LINEAR SERVO MOTOR: -
The Linear servo motor is one kind of motor and it is similar to the positional
rotation servo motor, however with extra mechanisms for changing the output
from circular in the direction of back-and-forth. We cannot find these motors
easily, although occasionally you can discover them at hobbyist stores
everywhere they are used like actuators within advanced model airplanes.

CONTROLLING OF SERVO MOTORS: -

Usually a servomotor turns 90 degrees in either direction hence maximum
movement can be 180 degrees. However, a normal servo motor cannot rotate
any further to a build in mechanical stop.
We take three wires are out of a servo: positive, ground and control wire. A
servo motor is control by sending a pulse width modulated(PWM) signal
through the control wire. A pulse is sent every 20 milliseconds. Width of the
pulses determine the position of the shaft.
for example,
A pulse of 1ms will move the shaft anticlockwise at -90 degree, a pulse of 1.5ms
will move the shaft at the neutral position that is 0 degree and a pulse of 2ms
will move shaft clockwise at +90 degree.

variable pulse width control servo motor

When we command a servo motor to move by applying pulse of appropriate

width, the shaft moves to and holds the require position of the shaft. However,
the motor resists to change. Pulses need repetition for the motor to hold the
position.

Applications: -
1. Robotics: At every joint of the robot, we connect a servomotor. Thus giving
the robot arm its precise angle.
2. Conveyor belts: servo motors move, stop, and start conveyor belts carrying
product along to various stages, for example, in product packaging/ bottling, and
labelling.
3. Camera auto focus: A highly precise servo motor build into the camera
corrects a camera lens to sharpen out of focus images.
 4. Solar tracking system: Servo motors adjust the angle of solar panels
throughout the day and hence each panel continues to face the sun which results
in harnessing maximum energy from sunup to sundown.

ADVANTAGES OF AC SERVO MOTOR: -

There are several advantages to choosing AC servo motors over DC servo
motors. They offer more torque per weight, efficiency, reliability and reduced
radio frequency noise. And in the absence of a commutator, they require less
maintenance and have a longer life expectancy. AC servo motors are used in a
wide variety of applications where position control is critical and are frequently
used in robotics, semiconductor equipment, machine tools, and aircrafts.

DISADVANTAGES OF AC SERVO MOTOR: -

 Servos Motors requires tuning to stabilize the feedback loop.

 Servo Motor will become unpredictable when something breaks. So, safety
circuits are required.
 Complex controller requires encoder and electronic support.
 Peak torque is limited to a 1% duty cycle. Servo Motors can be damaged by
sustained overload.
 Gear boxes are often required to deliver power at higher speeds.
 Higher overall system cost and the installation cost of a Servo Motor system
may be higher than that of a stepper motor due to the requirement for feedback
components.