3 Ship Docking PDF

Ship Repair
Technology
Lecture 3
23 February 2020 1 Eng. Loay Aboud
Ship Docking
23 February 2020 2 Eng.Loay Aboud

Introduction Of Dry Docking
1) Introduction

Dry Docking Frequency ( Periodicity )
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Methods of Docking
2) Docking Methods
The docking of ship method is chosen according to the:
 Ship Size.
 hull forming.
 Number of ship which are docked

Methods of Docking
It is also necessary to know:
 The breadth of the ship.
 The Distance between
the Dock sidewalls. Methods of
Docking
 The inclination of the
Side Shores.
Docking a ship Docking a ship with
Docking a ship with
with finer hull finer hull forms
long parallel middle
forms (using bilge
body
(Maltese method) supports

Methods of Docking
2.1) Docking a ship with long parallel middle body:
If the ship having long parallel middle body, the ship is set on keel blocks
distributed along the Centre line of the dock floor, and on side blocks with
appropriate packing wedges

Methods of Docking
2.2) Docking a ship With Finer hull forms (Maltese method):
The keel of the ship rests on keel blocks with supported by shores abutting
(nears) against the walls of the dock

Methods of Docking
2.3) Docking a ship with Finer hull forms (using bilge supports)
The hull is supported on keel blocks and bilge shores, or on bilge shores.
The form and the height of the Shores and Their location are determined from the
hull lines plan
 The shores are placed in the way of the

bulkheads. In this cases where the
Weight of ship is taken up by the keel
blocks, the main function of the shores
is to keep the ship upright.

Notes For Method & Facilities
Notes:
1) The First Method (long parallel middle body) can used at the Most Dock Types
such as (Graving, Floating docks, Slip ways and Ship lifts)
2) The Second and the Third Methods (Maltese method & Using Bilge Supports)
are used only at the Dry Graving and Floating Docks.
Dry-Dock :
 is a Narrow Basin, Vessel that can be flooded to allow a load to be Floated in,
then Drained to allow that load to come to rest on a dry platform.
 Are used for the Construction, Maintenance, and Repair of ships, Boats, and
other Watercraft.

Notes For Method & Facilities
Notes :
 Docking Facilities Depend on the Gross tonnage of the ship has to be docked.
 For large vessels may consist of a Graving dock or a Floating Dry Dock.
 Smaller vessels can also be brought out of the water by means of
a Martin Railway such as (Slip ways and Ship Lifts).

Graving
Dry Dock

Docking facilities
Graving dry dock

Docking facilities
Floating dry docking

Slip Docks
Ship lifts
Ship Traveler (Cradle Lift)

Graving Dry Dock
The Classic form of Dry-Dock, properly known as Graving Dock, is a Narrow
Fixed Basin, usually made of Concrete, Closed by gates or by a caisson, into
which a Vessel may be floated and the water pumped out, leaving the vessel
Supported On blocks.
Method :
 The dock is then flooded by gravity,
the caisson floating or swung away
and the ship brought into the dock
 After closing the entrance with the caisson,
the dock is pumped out and the ship settles
down on the blocks which have been
prepared for it

Graving Dry Dock
 The ship settles down on the blocks
which have been prepared for it

Graving Dry Dock , Closing Method
The Entrance to the Dock is closed by a Caisson or gate.

Graving Docks Advantages
1) Used for unlimited vessel size largest
Dead Weight is 1000 000 tons
2) Minimum required man power
and tug assistance.
3) Can be increased in length by
excavating at the head wall

Graving Docks disadvantages
1) Difficulty in supplying because they are
below the grade elevation of the ship yard.
2) Requiring total removal of equipment and

material from the dock during flooding.
3) Docking and undocking operation are

relatively slow compared with those of
other docking system.

Floating
Dry Dock

Floating Dry Docking
1) The floating dry docking consists of a
series of Connected Pontoons.
2) The Pontoons can be Flooded or Pumped out,
thus raising or lowering the entire structure.
3) The pontoons must possess enough buoyancy
to support not only the weight of the dock
itself but also the weight of the vessel
to be lifted by the dock.
4) To obtain this buoyancy, most
floating docks have a U shaped
form, and to permit
ships going inside it .

Floating Dock Operational Principles
1) The dock is sunk to the necessary
depth of water over the keel blocks by
allowing water to enter the pontoon tanks.
2) The ship is then brought to position and
the final alignment is made with the
Deck marks made previously.

Floating Dock Operational Principles
3) To raise the Dock after the ship has been position and all is ready for docking,
the main pump discharge valves are opened and the pump started up.

Floating Dry Docking
Function of Keel & Side Blocks
 To prevent any movement of the ship,
keel blocks are provided.
 These keel blocks are placed on the
tank top.
 For increased stability side blocks are
also provided.
 The side blocks are provided in such
a way that the forces they exert don't
damage the hull. Special reinforcement
material is provided to prevent it.

Floating Dock General Components
1. Docked ship.
2. Discharge pumps.
3. Blocks.
4. Pontoon tanks.
5. Discharged water

1) Main structure which Consist of main pontoon and tow side walls.
A typical Floating Dock

2) Tanks which are filled with sea water during Down Action of the dock or
discharging for raising the dock.

3) Main pumps and valves which are using for discharging and filling the tanks
with sea water for docking and undocking operations.

Types of Floating Docks
1) The Caisson Dock (Box type):
 Continuous wing walls.
 Continuous pontoon.
 Docking limited dead weight.

1) Pontoon type :
 Continuous wing walls.
 Individual pontoon (usually six or seven).
 The pontoon bolted to the Wing walls.

1) Sectional Dock
 Variable Lifting capacity dock.
 Individual pontoon.
 Individual wing walls.
 Separate section to be connected gather
(pin joint).
 Sections are short enough to be docked
at right in the dock.

Main Advantages Floating Docking
1) A ship may be docked or undocked
in deeper water some distance from
the shipyard
2) A floating dock can be trimmed to
match the list or drag of a damage
vessel.
3) Docking and undocking operation
are relatively fast compared with
graving dock
4) Large docks can handle 350.000 tons
5) Its initial cost is low compared with
Graving dock.

Main Disadvantages Floating Docking
1) Routing of men and material into the dock is
usually by gangway from one of the
dry dock and is restrictive to Good workflow.
2) In areas where large tidal variation exists,
the gangway changes radically the tide
cycle.
3) All material and equipment must be
removed prior to submergence for
docking or undocking.
4) The requirement of routine maintenance,
especially in salt water, are as those of
a ship (modern coating)

Slipways
Dry Dock

Slip Docks
Marine railways are mechanical means
for lifting a ship the water to an
elevation above the highest tides or
to the Shipyard elevation for repair
, build and maintenance.
 The maximum practical size is
generally considered to be
about 8000 tons deadweight.

Slip Ways Docking Principle
Long this slipway Carriages are lowered and placed under the ship; the Carriage
together with the ship resting on them are hauled back by mean of winches on to
the above-water part of the slipway

Components of Marine Railways
1) Carriage or Cradle moves on
a system of Wheels or rollers.
2) Operational area that is the Sloped
plane with Tracks on which the
carriage or cradles are lowered
into the water until the vessel can
be floating over it

Components of Marine Railways
3) Hauling machinery is usually
electrically driven through
an elaborate open gearing
system and a system
of wire ropes or chain
that pull the carriage

Types of Slipways
1) Transverse (side-haul Slipway)
2) Longitudinal Slipway

Operation of Slipways
1) The carriages are lowered along
the inclined way and submerged
to a depth which will leave
clearance between the upper edge
of the carriage and the ships bottom
in order to avoid damage to blocks
or shores when the ship is being
position.
2) The ship is brought to the dock basin
and positioned over the carriages.

3) Thereafter the carriages are slowly
pulled up.
4) When the ship is properly settled on the
carriages, The hauling proceeds more
quickly and the ship is hauled to the
end of the inclined way.

5) Then another set of carriages
is brought along the horizontal
tracks running between the
inclined tracks and ship then
transferred on to these carriages

Main Advantages & Disadvantages
1) Easy for maintenance.
2) The best way for launching the new building vessels
Main disadvantages
1) Must keep full length of underwater ground
Way free of Silt.
2) Docking operation exposed to current and
tide flow must be somewhat limited.
3) Required complete rebuilding to increase
capacity
4) limited dead weight of ship to be docked.

Syncrolift
( Ship lift )

Ship lifts (Syncrolift)
 Ship lift, also called Syncrolift, is the latest
innovation in dry-docking system.
 The ship lift can be used for both repair
and construction of vessels.
 It occupies a smaller waterfront area
in comparison with other types.

Components of ship lift ( Syncrolift )
 Platform over which the ship is placed
 Number lifting units, the most popular
system uses an electrical unites that raise
or lower the platform using wire rope

Operation of ship lift ( Syncrolift )
1) The Wheeled Docking Cradles are rolled
onto the platform, which is suspended from
a series of wire Rope hoists.
2) The platform, with the docking cradle in
place, is then lowered into the water to
the required depth of water.
3) When the platform, reaches the required
depth, the ship to be dry docked is floated
into position above the docking cradle
and held with mooring lines
attached to the piers.

a
Hoisting Unites

4) The lifting mechanisms act in a smooth,
continuous and synchronized manner
to raise platform vertically,
this lifts the ship to the level of
the adjacent land
Plan view of a Typical Transfer System

Advantages
1. Very fast operating (Total average lift time is twenty minutes in some cases).
2. Can be Trimmed to match vessel trim.
3. Largest lifting capacity is 25,000 dead weight tones.
4. Can be increased in length by adding additional hoists and platform
transverse beams.
5. The Ship lift can be used for both repair and launching new-built vessels
6. It Occupies a Smaller waterfront area in comparison with other types.

Disadvantages
1) Very high initial cost.
2) High maintenance cost.
3) High tech machinery requirements
4) Fixed structure – hard to relocate
5) Hard to dredge under platform

Ship
Traveler

Ship Traveller
Cradle Lift : Cradle Lift is commonly used for the very small vessels such as
(Patrol boats & Fishing vessels)

Ship Traveller
Advantages
 Very fast operating
 Many berths can utilize one lift
 Can be trimmed to match vessel trim
 Lift can be relocated relatively easily (not support piers)
 Easy to dredge under
 Reduce requirements for dry-dock scheduling.
 Less maintenance and easier operation
 Facilitate emergency repairs efficiently.

Ship Traveller
Disadvantages
 Low capacity
 Width between the legs must be sufficient to allow maximum beam vessel to
enter between support piers.

Work To be
Carried out in Dock

Works to be carried out During Docking
1) Work in dock start with Cleaning the hull of fouling organisms as shown in
figure ,Old paint and corrosion products.
(Water jet , Sand blasting )
2) After Cleaning the hull comes the
inspection to assess the extent and
character of the Repair work to be done.
3) The inspection is carried out by
a commission consisting of:
 Representatives of the repair yard.
 The Authority which operates the ship.
 the Ship’s classification societies
represented surveyor

a

4) Measuring of actual thickness of shell
plating,Stiffners, frames by ultrasonic
comparing with it is original thickness
obtained from shell expansion plan
( Replacing the plate which are less than
the maximum diminution limit 15 % to 20 %
from original thickness according to rules )
5) Check for any crack in shell plating,
Bottom plating or under water hull
stiffeners or frames .
6) Inspect parts affected by corrosion
7) Visual inspection of pitted areas. (Pitted areas 30% of plate area –
depth of pitting 0.75 of plate thickness . Flaking area 12% of plate area)

8) Inspect rudder condition ,drain it check
for cracks & repairs , change Zinc plate
Check clearance, and fall down of stock .
9) Stern tube clearances & Tail Shaft Withdrawal
10)Propeller cleaning and inspection and
repairs for Tips & Blades & Cone key .
11)Inspect and Calibrate Anchor, Anchor
chain after laying down on the docking
Floor , Some times change of chain in
damaged part .

13)Inspect any deformation any dents/indent in plating , Bottoms and framing
system .

14)Inspect , cleaning , changing Zinc anode
Sea chest, Strainers and all Sea Valves and
overboard valves .
15)Painting of hull by approved paint (Un toxic) .

Notes
 To carry out repairs of the shell plating on places where access is obstructed by
keel blocks,
 Ordinary keel blocks are replaced by Special dismountable keel blocks
 When repairing, replacing side plating , or Dismounting propeller , Rudder and
Tail Shaft , it is necessary to use staging (scaffolds) placed round the hull with
worn all workers to Safety Harness, inertia real in proper hocking point to follow
safety instruction of dock authority and company .

Marine Scaffolds ( Fixed or Dismountable )
a

Docking
preparations

Dock preparations
1) Cleaning of the dock floor.
2) It is essential to work out a docking plan
to determine ship stem, stern position
and the Position of bilge blocks
3) The keel blocks are lined up and leveled,
and the bilge shores
4) On the center line of the keel blocks the
positions of the Stem and Stern frame
are marked.
5) The distance between the stem and
stern frame is determined from the plan
of the ship marks are made on the deck
of the ship which corresponds to those on the keel blocks.

Dock preparations
6) A steel cable are fixed between the dock side
with a Small weight at its middle, exactly at
The center of keel blocks, that is for adjusting
the center line of the ship with the center
Line of the keel blocks, this is processes carried out

at the ship stem and stern without any Ship list until
the ship will dock
7) Monitoring the stability calculation of the Ship and
the Dock also. And the Dock deflection by
the Dock Control House to Avoid Sagging and
Hogging during the docking process.

Dock preparations

Dock preparations
8) Check the fire fighting line and pumping system of the dock.
9) It is very important to take the actually ship draft
(FWD ,Middle and AFT draft)
at the Same time before Docking
and Clearance between
the Ship keel and the keel Blocks
10)To avoid damage of Ship Bottom
and keel Blocks.

Dock preparations
11)The mooring and towing gear should be checked.
12)The ship fire fighting system should be checked.
13)Be sure that, there is no any explosive
or Flammable body on board.
14)The fuel bunkers and cargo compartments of
tankers should be freed of gas.
15)All tanks should be sounded and logged

Accident might be occurred
16)If any position inaccuracies are
observed during the initial docking
period, the dock is again flooded
or ballasted (as appropriate) and the
ship realigned; thereafter the ship
is finally allowed to settle on the
blocks, is correct position having
been checked by divers.
17)When the ship is lifted in a floating
dock the deformations of the
dock are observed with the aid
of a deflection gauge.

Procedures done immediately after appearing the ship’s
High Sea Chests above the water in the dry dock
1) Stops all generators and connect to shore power connection (220 volts, 380
volts, 440 volts).
2) Connect fresh water from the shore
3) Connect the fire fighting system of
the dock to fire fighting system to the ship.
4) Connect sea water line to the ship for
cooling any devices running on board
such as (Refrigerators).
5) Fixed secured and safety gang way
between the ship dock and the dock sides
6) Open ballast tank plugs to get it empty to
start repairing in this tank and reduce the
load acting by the ship on the dock floor.

The Necessary Ship Plans to be on board
1) Docking plan
 Position of keel and bilge blocks.
 Ship under water area.
 Position of zinc anodes distributions and it is weight.
 Main ship dimensions.
 Ship bottom shape.
 Hull appendages.

2) Shell expansion plan:
 This plan includes the all outer shell plating scantling, type of steel plates the
outer shell plating were divided in many strakes (K, A, B. and, C….).

3) Tank plan:
 This plan indicates the position of all ship tanks, its dimensions and the position
of its plugs, such as (oil, fuel, fresh water, ballast, tanks).
4) Piping system:
 This plan indicates, the ship pipe lines, with its. Pumps and valves such as
(ballast, bilge, fire fighting, fresh water …..).
5) Fire plan:
 This plan indicates the, position of fire fighting components.
6) General arrangement plan:
 This is a general plan indicates the ship decks and cross sectional plan.

Dry Docking planning – Summary
a

Preparing the Ship for undocking
1) All tank bottom plugs to be checked for
closing tightly.
2) The weight distribution in the ship should be
made to correspond to that existing at the
time of docking
3) All the safety measures taken at the time
of docking should be taken.
4) Shiftable loads should be secured
( Sea Fastening ), Manholes, Portholes
and Hatches should be closed.
5) The dock should be cleared, etc.

Reports ,Records Should be submitted To Ship
 Report of main repair jobs carried out.
 Assesses their quality ( Tests )
 States the time spent by the ship in dock.

Stresses occur
on Dock & on Docked
Ship
Stresses Affecting on Floating Dock
1) Hogging or camber.
2) Sagging.

Dock Deflection Monitoring System
1) Hydraulically method:
using numbers of hydraulic pipes with U-shape which distributed at many
positions at the dock and monitored at dock control room.
2) Electrical method:
By using strain gauges which distributed at difference positions at bottom and top
of dock along its length.
3) Optical method:
By using optical devices which located at the dock control room to measure the
alignments of three points at the same line.

Stresses Affection on the Ship to be Docked
1) Concentrated (local) stresses acting on the ship hull parts which were direct
contact with dock blocks.
2) Longitudinal stresses which acting due to the longitudinal bending of the ship
hull.
3) Transverse Stresses acting due to the transverse bending of the ship hull.
4) Effects of Over hanging:
This is case occurs when keel block is not sufficient under the ship stem and
stern (the length of the ship is greater than the dock length)
 Increasing in Dock deflection.

 Increasing in Ship deflection
 Increasing the keel block
Reactions.

Stresses affection on the Ship to be Docked
5) Effect of ship trim:
The ship trim has to be minimum; it was done by filling or discharging ship ballast
tank to avoid the effect of change in the ship center of buoyancy force during
docking process.
6) Effect of free surface:
The free surface on ship tank has to be minimum, be cause it will be like a
Movable loads caused change in ship center of floating during docking process.
7) Effect of ship list:
The ship list has to be zero all time during docking process because it will
increase the dock transverse deflection and may caused damaging in the dock
blocks

Thanks

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Ship Repair

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 The shores are placed in the way of the

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Graving dry dock

Floating dry docking

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2) Requiring total removal of equipment and

3) Docking and undocking operation are

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A typical Floating Dock

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Plan view of a Typical Transfer System

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