Department of Aerospace Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

AE 681 Composite Materials

Hashin’s Failure Criteria for Unidirectional Fibre Composites

These are interacting failure criteria where more than one stress components have
been used to evaluate the different failure modes. These criteria were originally
developed for unidirectional polymeric composites, and hence, applications to other type
of laminates and non-polymeric composites have significant approximations. Usually
Hashin criteria are implemented within two dimensional classical lamination approach
for point stress calculations with ply discounting as the material degradation model.
Failure indices for Hashin criteria are related to fibre and matrix failures and involve four
failure modes. The criteria are extended to three dimensional problems where the
maximum stress criteria are used for transverse normal stress component.
The failure modes included in Hashin’s criteria are as follows.

1. Tensile fibre failure for σ11 ≥ 0

2
  11   122   132   1 failure
   
 XT  S122  1 no failure

2. Compressive fibre failure for σ11 < 0

2
  11    1 failure
  
 X C   1 no failure

3. Tensile matrix failure for σ22 + σ33 > 0

  22   33 
2
 232   22 33  12   13   1 failure
2 2

  
YT2 S232 S122  1 no failure

4. Compressive matrix failure for σ22 + σ33 < 0

 Y  2            2  2     122   132   1 failure

 C
  1 
22 33

22 33
 23 22 33
 
 2 S 23    YC  4 S 232 S 232 S122  1 no failure

1
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Course: AE 681 Composite Materials
Instructor: PM Mohite
 5. Interlaminar tensile failure for σ33 > 0

2
  33    1 failure
  
 ZT   1 no failure
6. Interlaminar compression failure for σ33 < 0
2
  33    1 failure
  
 Z C   1 no failure

where, σij denote the stress components and the tensile and compressive allowable
strengths for lamina are denoted by subscripts T and C, respectively. XT, YT, ZT denotes
the allowable tensile strengths in three respective material directions. Similarly, X C, YC,
ZC denotes the allowable compressive strengths in three respective material directions.
Further, S12, S13 and S23 denote allowable shear strengths in the respective principal
material directions.

Reference:
Hashin Z. Failure criteria for unidirectional fibre composites, ASME Journal of Applied
Mechanics, Vol. 47 (2), 1980, pp 329-334.

2
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Course: AE 681 Composite Materials
Instructor: PM Mohite