P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0

Document No._Rev.
Restricted

Main Data

Study Report
Bacatá Substation

Customer Reference No.

CO-BACA-39911-S-01-D6010

STATCOM Bacatá ±200 MVAr

Interconexión Eléctrica S.A. E.S.P. Contract: 39911

Index of Revisions

Rev. Date Revisions Name of Reviser Name of Approver

0 2014-03-13 First issue A. Haselbauer Dr. G. Pilz

Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014

Transmittal, reproduction, dissemination and/or editing of this document as well as utilization of its contents and communication thereof to
others without express authorization are prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for payment of damages. All rights created by patent grant
or registration of a utility model or design patent are reserved.
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 2 of 26

Index:

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4

2 General operating principle of a STATCOM........................................................ 5

3 Basic Data for SVC PLUS Design ........................................................................ 6

3.1 Rated Power of the SVC PLUS .............................................................................. 6
3.1.1 Network Conditions ........................................................................................... 6
3.2 Overload capability ................................................................................................ 9

4 Nominal Values of the SVC PLUS Components ................................................. 9

4.1 SVC Design ............................................................................................................. 9
4.1.1 V/I Characteristic ............................................................................................. 10
4.1.2 Short Circuit Currents on MV side ................................................................... 12
4.1.2.1.1 Three-phase failure................................................................... 13
4.1.2.1.2 Two-phase failure ..................................................................... 13
4.1.2.1.3 Single line to ground failure ...................................................... 13
4.2 Design and Rating Points .................................................................................... 13
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

4.2.1 SVC Transformer ............................................................................................ 13

4.2.2 Capacitive Design Point .................................................................................. 13
4.2.3 Inductive Design Point ..................................................................................... 14
4.2.4 Voltage Sourced Converter ............................................................................. 14
4.2.5 Operating Points.............................................................................................. 18
4.2.5.1 Fundamental Rating ............................................................................... 24

5 List of References ............................................................................................... 26

6 List of Appendices .............................................................................................. 26

7 List of Enclosures ............................................................................................... 26

List of Tables:

Table 4-1: SVC PLUS converter Main Data ......................................................................... 15

Table 4-2: Split up of total reactive power at the capacitive and inductive design point ........ 19
Table 4-3: Operating Table .................................................................................................. 20
Table 4-4: Operating Table for degraded mode ................................................................... 21
Table 4-5: Fundamental Rating of the SVC PLUS ............................................................... 24
Table 4-6: Fundamental Rating of SVC-Transformer ........................................................... 25

List of Figures:

Figure 2-1: Operating principle of a STATCOM during capacitive output ............................... 5

Figure 3-1: Overload Cycle .................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4-1: Simplified single line diagram of the SVC........................................................... 10
Figure 4-2: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the HV-side of the SVC PLUS
transformer.................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4-3: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the MV-side of the SVC PLUS
transformer.................................................................................................... 12

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 3 of 26

Figure 4-4: Simplified single line for short circuit calculation on medium voltage busbar ...... 12
Figure 4-5: Simplified single line diagram of the SVC PLUS converter................................. 14
Figure 4-6: Simplified single line diagram of one converter submodule ................................ 14
Figure 4-7: Example of converter voltage waveform ............................................................ 15
Figure 4-8: Voltage and current waveform during capacitive output and switching states
of reference power module............................................................................ 16
Figure 4-9: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the HV-side of the SVC PLUS
transformer for degraded mode ..................................................................... 22
Figure 4-10: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the MV-side of the SVC PLUS
transformer for degraded mode ..................................................................... 23
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 4 of 26

1 Introduction

One new SVC shall be installed at the Bacatá substation in Colombia. The STATCOMs proposed
by Siemens are state of the art Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC), also referred to as SVC PLUS.
Based on true multilevel VSC technology, the SVC PLUS concept provides highly dynamic contin-
uously adjustable reactive power support to the ac system. With a converter ac voltage comprising
a minimum at 81 voltage output levels, the converter generates a close to sinusoidal voltage wave
shape. A voltage wave shape like this is advantageous for two aspects:

The SVC PLUS has extremely low harmonic generation and therefore allows a safe design
with respect to possible harmonic interaction with the ac system. These advantages will be
achieved without necessary filter components.
The converters can be operated at a moderate switching frequency of the IGBTs resulting
in low power losses and thus low operational costs.

The two SVC PLUS will have continuously adjustable reactive power output from 200 Mvar capaci-
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

tive to 200 Mvar inductive at the 500 kV point of common coupling as specified in [1]. Because of
the Voltage Sourced Converter technology, the SVC PLUS has a symmetrical Mvar output.
The present report describes the Main Data of the SVC PLUS system.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 5 of 26

2 General operating principle of a STATCOM

The aim of this chapter is to provide a general explanation of the working principle of a Voltage
Sourced Converter. In Figure 2-1 the simplified network for explanation on the left side and on the
right side the phasor diagram is shown. The network consists of a network voltage (VN), one trans-
former with a corresponding voltage drop ( VTr), a phase reactor with corresponding voltage drop
( VRe) and an artificial voltage source (VCon), which represents the Voltage Sourced Converter
voltage. Additional the current (I) is marked in red. In case of a capacitive output the current I is
leading in comparison to the network voltage VN. This can be identified in the phasor diagram with
the right angle between VN and I. This current produces a voltage drop across the inductive trans-
former and the inductive phase reactor. This voltage drop is leading in comparison to the current.
The addition of the voltages VN and VTr reflects the voltages on secondary side of the transformer
(VTR) and the additional summation of the voltage drop across the phase reactor defines the nec-
essary voltage of the Voltage Sourced Converter to drive the requested current I into the network.
It can be identified that the Voltage Sourced Converter voltage has the same phase shift as the
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

voltage in the network and the only difference is the amplitude. In case of a higher voltage of the
Voltage Sourced Converter as the network voltage a capacitive current will be driven and in case
of a smaller Voltage Sourced Converter voltage an inductive current will flow. It is obvious that in
case of equal amplitude between network and Voltage Sourced Converter voltage no current will
flow.

Figure 2-1: Operating principle of a STATCOM during capacitive output

Siemens’ solution for a Voltage Sourced Converter is the proposed SVC PLUS.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 6 of 26

3 Basic Data for SVC PLUS Design

3.1 Rated Power of the SVC PLUS

The SVC PLUS is designed for continuous operation of 200 Mvar capacitive and 200 Mvar induc-
tive at a system voltage of 1.0 pu.

3.1.1 Network Conditions

The SVC design is based on following system conditions:

a) Voltages kVrms pu

Nominal voltage 500 1,0

Maximum continuous operating voltage 550 1,1

Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Maximum temporary voltage (1 sec) 650 1,3

Maximum temporary voltage (0.05 sec) 750 1,5

Minimum continuous operating voltage 425 0,85

Minimum temporary voltage (1 sec) 200 0,4

Continuous negative sequence voltage % 2

b) System Frequencies

Nominal frequency Hz 60

Normal control range Hz 59 to 61

Transient excursion (2 min1) Hz 55 to 65

Maximum Rate of Change of Frequency Hz/sec 5

1
assumed
Study Report STATCOM Bacatá
Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 7 of 26

c) Insulation coordination (500 kV connected equipment)

Lightning impulse withstand level (BIL) kVcrest 1800

Switching impulse withstand level (SIL) kVcrest 1300

Voltage Derating Factor for Altitude2 According to [5]

Min. specific creepage distance mm/kV 313

d) Insulation coordination MV equipment

Min. specific creepage distance mm/kV 254

e) Short-circuit currents at HV side

3-phase maximum for component rating (me- kA 40

chanical stresses)
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

3-phase minimum kA 3,275

3-phase maximum GVA 34,64

3-phase minimum GVA 2,836

f) Harmonic calculations (Performance, Rating)

Acceptable harmonic voltage limits IEEE 519

Background harmonic voltages Background harmonics from
the power system are ac-
cording to measurements [6]

Harmonic network impedances According to specification [7]

2
according to IEC 60071-2
3
according to [5]
4
according to [2]
Study Report STATCOM Bacatá
Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 8 of 26

g) Environmental conditions

a) Height over sea level, (m) 2600

b) Temperature, (°C)

Annual maximum average 27,7

Annual minimum average -5.5

Annual media 13,6

c) Relative humidity, (%)

Monthly maximum average 91

Monthly minimum average 68

Annual media 79
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

d) Lightning intensity level, (days/year) 100

e) Atmospheric pressure (bar) 0,708

f) Velocity of wind, (Km/h) 80

g) Level of environmental pollution Low

h) Annual media precipitation, (mm) 776,1

i) Seismic characteristics

Seismic risk (1) High

Expected maximum horizontal acceleration, Aa (g)(1) 0,25

Expected maximum vertical acceleration, Aa (g)(1) 0,17

j) Solar radiation

Intensity (W/m2) 932

Duration (h/day) 4,4

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 9 of 26

3.2 Overload capability

The SVC is designed to operate under the system voltage conditions shown in Figure 3-1 and Fig-
ure 4-2 (V/I -Characteristic).
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Figure 3-1: Overload Cycle

4 Nominal Values of the SVC PLUS Components

4.1 SVC Design

The arrangement of the SVC PLUS is shown in Figure 4-1. The SVC PLUS comprises a step down
transformer and two SVC PLUS converters with the corresponding phase reactors LVSC. The con-
verter is delta connected.

The nominal voltage of the SVC PLUS secondary busbar was optimized to 28 kV, the transformer
leakage reactance will be 0,15 pu based on 200 MVA rated power.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 10 of 26

500 kV, 60 Hz, Ik = 40 kA

Point of
calculated Mvar Uprim= 500 kV
output Usec = 28 kV
uk= 0.15
Str = 200 MVA
YNd5
CSurge
28 kV 31 kA

LVSC LVSC
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

SVC PLUS 1 SVC PLUS 2

+/- 100MVAr +/- 100MVAr

Figure 4-1: Simplified single line diagram of the SVC

4.1.1 V/I Characteristic

The V/I characteristic of the SVC as seen from the primary side (Point of calculated Mvar output,
refer to Figure 4-1) is shown in Figure 4-2 based on a symmetrical voltage on primary side. The
relevant operating points are marked (please refer to Table 4-3: Operating Table). The operating
range marked with red continuous lines is valid for continuous operation in the voltage band be-
tween 425 kV to 550 kV on the PCC. The dashed blue lines represent time limited operating points
at undervoltages down to 200 kV and overvoltages up to 650 kV. The dashed green line shows the
0.05s overload condition at 750kV.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 11 of 26
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Figure 4-2: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the HV-side of the SVC PLUS transformer

In Figure 4-3, the V/I characteristic on the secondary side of the transformer is displayed.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 12 of 26
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Figure 4-3: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the MV-side of the SVC PLUS transformer

4.1.2 Short Circuit Currents on MV side

The maximum calculated short circuit current on the medium voltage side is limited by the highest
short circuit power of the AC system and the transformer impedance. The transformer tolerance of
-5% for the short circuit impedance and a safety factor of 1,1 were considered. The maximum short
circuit current on secondary side busbar is below 31 kA.
The following simplified single line can be used for the short circuit calculation on medium voltage
side of the transformer.

Figure 4-4: Simplified single line for short circuit calculation on medium voltage busbar

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 13 of 26

The calculation of the impedance values was carried out based on the secondary voltage level:

Znet: ISC@28kV=40 kA*500 kV/28 kV = 714,28 kA

Znet@28kV = 28 kV/( 3 714,28 kA) = 0,0226

ZTrafo@28kV: ZTrafo@28kV = 0,15 pu 28² kV² 0,95 / 200 Mvar = 0,5586

4.1.2.1.1 Three-phase failure

In case of a three-phase failure on the MV voltage busbar the resulting short circuit current can be
calculated as follow:
1,1 28
= = 30,6
3 (0,5586 + 0,0226 )

4.1.2.1.2 Two-phase failure

In case of a two-phase failure on the MV voltage busbar the resulting short circuit current can be
calculated as follow:
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

1,1 28
= = 26,5
2 (0,5586 + 0,0226 )

4.1.2.1.3 Single line to ground failure

In case of a single line to ground fault on the MV voltage busbar no critical fault currents can occur
due to ungrounded design on the medium voltage side of the SVC

4.2 Design and Rating Points

4.2.1 SVC Transformer

The basic data of the transformer is defined by the nominal power of 200 MVA and the following
parameters:

Primary nominal voltage : 500 kV

Secondary nominal voltage : 28 kV

Nominal leakage reactance : 15 %

4.2.2 Capacitive Design Point

The capacitive design point of 200 Mvar at a primary voltage of 1.0 pu is reached by a converter
current of 1191 A inside the delta connection.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 14 of 26

4.2.3 Inductive Design Point

The inductive design point of 200 Mvar at a primary voltage of 1.0 pu is reached by a converter
current of 1191 A inside the delta connection.

4.2.4 Voltage Sourced Converter

In section 2 the general operating principle for generating reactive power output with a voltage
source converter was given. In the following Siemens solution SVC PLUS is explained in detail.
The voltage sourced converter consists of three identical phase legs connected in delta. The prin-
ciple equivalent circuit of an SVC PLUS converter phase leg is shown in Figure 4-5 and the Main
Data are documented in Table 4-1. The individual phase legs can be operated independently from
one another.
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Figure 4-5: Simplified single line diagram of the SVC PLUS converter

Each SVC PLUS phase leg is built up by 40+4 submodules connected in series. The main compo-
nents of each submodule are 4 IGBTs, 4 diodes and one DC-capacitor (see Figure 4-6). All speci-
fied operating points can be reached with a minimum of 40 submodules in service per phase leg,
i.e. each phase leg comprises 4 redundant submodules. The redundant submodules participate in
normal operation. In case of a submodule failure, the corresponding submodule will be bypassed
without interrupting SVC PLUS operation.

Figure 4-6: Simplified single line diagram of one converter submodule

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 15 of 26

Additionally, a start-up resistor and an associated bypass switch are included in each phase leg for
converter energization. During energization each submodule will be charged to a certain DC volt-
age level.

To achieve an 81 level output voltage (Figure 4-7) wave shape VConv, 40 submodules are needed.
Each submodule can contribute to the total output voltage of the respective phase by three differ-
ent voltage levels, namely plus Vdc, minus Vdc and zero. What voltage level a submodule is con-
tributing at a time is determined by the switching states of the IGBT valves which are controlled by
the converter closed loop control accordingly.

SVC : Graphs
Conv12 Conv23 Conv31
50
40
30
20
10
0
y

-10
-20
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

-30
-40
-50
0.790 0.800 0.810 0.820 0.830 0.840 ...
...
...

Figure 4-7: Example of converter voltage waveform

Symbol Unit
Number of units - - 2
Type - - 3-phase
Converter type - - 40-level VSC
Installed number of power modules inclusive spare 44
modules
Minimum number of power modules for service per 40
phase
Switchable solid state device - - IGBT
Maximum continuous output voltage VConv kVrms 40,34
Maximum continuous current IConv Arms 1191
Number of discrete voltage step of the output voltage - - 81
Average DC voltage Vdcavn kVdc 1,5
DC-capacitor CDC mF 7,5
Coupling reactor pro phase LVSC mH 15,0

Table 4-1: SVC PLUS converter Main Data

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá
Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 16 of 26

In the following the different switching states of one reference power module during capacitive out-
put of the converter over one oscillation is shown. This will be done on an example for a 7-level
converter and capacitive output of the SVC.
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Figure 4-8: Voltage and current waveform during capacitive output and switching states of refer-
ence power module

In Figure 4-8 the reference voltage oscillation of the converter is marked with a red line (equivalent
of the black phasor in Figure 2-1) and the current output with a blue line. Additional the whole out-
put voltage of the converter is marked with a thin black line and the contribution of the reference
power module is marked with a blue-green line. The reference voltage (red line) defines the theo-
retical ideal converter output voltage which will be emulated by the individual voltage steps of the
power modules. The different switching states A1 to D2 will be explained in the following:

A1 – In switching state A1 the submodule is still in bypass

from previous step D2. The valve V11 is closed and the cur-
rent flow via diode (from V11) and V21 around the DC capaci-
tor.

A2 – At this time instant the reference voltage of the converter

voltage defines the additional switch on event of one voltage
step. Therefor the valve V21 will be opened and the valve V22
will be closed afterwards. Then a positive voltage will be con-
nected to the power module terminals and a positive current
will flow through the DC capacitor. The positive current lead to
an increase of the capacitor voltage. The contribution of the

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 17 of 26

power module to the overall converter output voltage can be

also identified in Figure 4-8.
B1 – The switching configuration of the individual valves is still
valid from switching state A2, but the sign of the current
through the converter has changed from A2 to B2. Therefore
now a current will flow out of the DC capacitor and the DC
voltage will be decreased.

B2 – At this time instant the reference voltage defines the re-

ducing of the overall converter voltage by one step. Therefor
the valve V11 will be opened and the valve V12 will be closed
afterwards. In this case the current commutated into the diode
of V12 and the power module is by passed. This can be also
identified in Figure 4-8. The output voltage of the whole con-
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

verter will be reduced by one step.

C1 – The submodule is still in bypass from previous switching
state B2. Also current sign is still equal.

C2 – At this time instant the reference voltage of the converter

voltage defines the additional switch on of a negative voltage
step. Therefore the valve V22 will be opened and closing V21
afterwards will result in a negative voltage step. This step can
also be recognized in Figure 4-8 with a higher negative output
voltage of the whole converter voltage. Due to the current sign
a positive current will flow into the capacitor and will lead to a
charging of the capacitor.
D1 – The sign of the current has changed from switching state
C2 to D1. The power electronic switches are still in the same
position. The power module will still contribute with a negative
voltage to the overall converter output voltage but the current
will now flow out of the DC capacitor. This will lead to a dis-
charging of the DC capacitor voltage.

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 18 of 26

D2 – At this time instant the reference voltage defines the re-

duction of the overall negative converter voltage by one step.
Therefor the valve V12 will be opened and the valve V11 will
be closed afterwards. In this case the current commutated into
the diode of V11 and the power module is by passed. This can
be also identified in Figure 4-8. The output voltage of the
whole converter will be reduced by one step.

4.2.5 Operating Points

The way to calculate the operating points will be shown using the example of the capacitive and
the inductive design point.

Capacitive design point:

For the capacitive design point a converter output voltage of 38,94kV was determined. The maxi-
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

mum continuous current of each phase of the converter is -1191A. The power of both converters is
calculated by
Qconverter 2 3 1191A 38,94kV 278,268MVAr
The power of the reactor of both SVC PLUS units is calculated according to
2
Qreactor 2 3 2 60 1191A 48,128MVAr
The power on secondary side is calculated by
Qsec Qconverter Qreactor 278,288MVAr 48,128MVAr 230,14MVAr

The impedance of the transformer related to the secondary side is

2
U 28 kV 2
X transforme r u k sek 0,15 0,588
ST 200 MVAr
The current flowing into secondary side of the transformer can be calculated as follow

I transf , sek 2 3 1191 A 4,126 kA

The reactive power of the transformer can therefore by calculated by
2
Q transforme r 3 X transforme r I transf , sek 3 0,588 4,126 kA 2 30 , 03 MVAr
The reactive power on primary side can be calculated by
Q prim Qsec Qtransformer 230,14MVAr 30,03MVAr 200,11MVAr

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 19 of 26

Inductive design point:

For the inductive design point a converter output voltage of 17,06kV was determined. The maxi-
mum continuous current of each phase of the converter is 1191A. The power of both converters is
calculated by
Qconverter 2 3 1191A 17,06kV 121,91MVAr
The power of the reactor of both SVC PLUS units it calculated according to
Qreactor 2 3 2 60 1191A 2 48,128MVAr
The power on secondary side is calculated by
Qsec Qconverter Qreactor 121,91MVAr 48,128MVAr 170,038MVAr

The impedance of the transformer related to the secondary side is

2
U 28 kV 2
X transforme r u k sek 0,15 0,588
ST 200 MVAr
The current flowing into secondary side of the transformer can be calculated as follow
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

I transf , sek 2 3 1191 A 4,126 kA

The reactive power of the transformer can therefore by calculated by
2
Q transforme r 3 X transforme r I transf , sek 3 0,588 4,126 kA 2 30 , 03 MVAr
The reactive power on primary side can be calculated by
Q prim Qsec Qtransformer 170,038MVAr 30,03MVAr 200,068MVAr

The following table shows the contribution of the different SVC components to the capacitive and
inductive design point.

SVC component Capacitive Design Point Inductive Design Point

-200MVAr @ 1pu 200MVAr @ 1pu
SVC PLUS converter - 278,268 121,91
SVC PLUS reactor 48,128 48,128
Transformer 30,03 30,03
Total SVC output at 500kV bus -200 200

Table 4-2: Split up of total reactive power at the capacitive and inductive design point

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 20 of 26

Table 4-3: Operating Table shows the voltage and current stresses on the SVC PLUS compo-
nents. The column headings are abbreviated as follows:

OP Operating point

Uprim Primary voltage

Qprim; Qsec Reactive power on 500 kV and 28kV terminals of the transformer

Usec Secondary voltage

Isec Line currents in the SVC PLUS transformer 28 kV voltage side

Ivsc Converter currents in delta winding

Uvsc SVC PLUS converter voltages

The operating points 1 and 2 state the current and voltage stresses at the design points of the SVC
PLUS installation at 1,0pu system voltage. OP 1 is the capacitive design point and OP 2 the induc-
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

tive design point. Operating points 3 and 4 show the conditions at 1s undervoltage (0,4pu) and
overvoltage (1,3pu). OP 5 shows the conditions for maximum reference voltage and minimum
slope at full capacitive output. OP 6 shows the condition for maximum reference voltage and max-
imum slope at full inductive output. OP 7 shows the condition for minimum reference voltage and
maximum slope at full capacitive output. OP 8 shows the condition for minimum reference voltage
and minimum slope at full inductive output. OP 9 to OP 11 show the conditions when the output of
the SVC PLUS is zero. OP 12 shows the condition for an overvoltage of 1,5pu for 0,05s.

Uprim Uprim Qprim Qsec Usec Usec Isec Ivsc Uvsc

OP time
[kV] [pu] [Mvar] [Mvar] [pu] [kV] [A] [A] [kV]
1=A 500 1,00 -200,105 -230,137 1,15 32,2 -4126,10 -1191 38,94 cont.
2=B 500 1,00 200,075 170,053 0,85 23,8 4125,49 1191 17,06 cont.
3=C 200 0,40 -80,038 -110,067 0,55 15,4 -4125,91 -1191 22,14 1s
4=D 650 1,30 260,092 230,071 1,15 32,2 4125,39 1191 25,46 1s
5=E 525 1,05 -210,111 -240,143 1,20 33,6 -4126,11 -1191 40,34 cont.
6=F 550 1,10 220,081 190,059 0,95 26,6 4125,46 1191 19,86 cont.
7=H 425 0,85 -170,087 -200,118 1,00 28,0 -4126,05 -1191 34,74 cont.
8=J 450 0,90 180,069 150,046 0,75 21,0 4125,52 1191 14,26 cont.
9=K 525 1,05 -0,016 -0,016 1,05 29,4 -0,32 0 29,40 cont.
10 = L 500 1,00 -0,015 -0,015 1,00 28,0 -0,30 0 28,00 cont.
11 = M 450 0,90 -0,012 -0,012 0,90 25,2 -0,27 0 25,20 cont.
12 = N 750 1,50 300,102 270,082 1,35 37,8 4125,33 1191 31,06 0,05s

Table 4-3: Operating Table

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 21 of 26

If one SVC PLUS branch is out of service, the SVC installation can operate in a degraded mode.
Table 4-4 shows the operating points for degraded mode. OP 1 and OP 2 show the conditions with
continuous converter current at 1,0pu system voltage. OP 3 and OP 4 show the conditions for
short-time under- and overvoltages at 0,4 and 1,3. OP 5 shows the conditions for maximum refer-
ence voltage and minimum slope at full capacitive output. OP 6 shows the condition for maximum
reference voltage and maximum slope at full inductive output. OP 7 shows the condition for mini-
mum reference voltage and maximum slope at full capacitive output. OP 8 shows the condition for
minimum reference voltage and minimum slope at full inductive output. OP 9 and OP 10 show the
conditions when the output of the SVC PLUS is zero. OP 11 shows the condition for an overvolt-
age of 1,5pu for 0,05s.

Uprim Uprim Qprim Qsec Usec Usec Isec Ivsc Uvsc

OP time
[kV] [pu] [Mvar] [Mvar] [pu] [kV] [A] [A] [kV]
1 500 1,00 -100,060 -107,569 1,075 30,1 -2063,20 -1191 36,84 cont.
2
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

500 1,00 100,030 92,526 0,925 25,9 2062,59 1191 19,16 cont.
3 200 0,40 -40,020 -47,528 0,475 13,3 -2063,02 -1191 20,04 1s
4 650 1,30 130,034 122,53 1,225 34,3 2062,50 1191 27,56 1s
5 525 1,05 -105,064 -112,573 1,125 31,5 -2063,22 -1191 38,24 cont.
6 550 1,10 110,032 102,527 1,025 28,7 2062,56 1191 21,96 cont.
7 425 0,85 -85,049 -92,558 0,925 25,9 -2063,15 -1191 32,64 cont.
8 450 0,90 90,029 82,524 0,825 23,1 2062,62 1191 16,36 cont.
9 525 1,05 -0,016 -0,016 1,050 29,4 -0,32 0 29,40 cont.
10 450 0,90 -0,012 -0,012 0,900 25,2 -0,27 0 25,20 cont.
11 750 1,50 150,034 142,531 1,425 39,9 2062,44 1191 33,16 0,05s

Table 4-4: Operating Table for degraded mode

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 22 of 26

The following figures show the V/I characteristics for degraded mode on primary and secondary
side.
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Figure 4-9: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the HV-side of the SVC PLUS transformer for
degraded mode

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 23 of 26
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Figure 4-10: V/I characteristic of the SVC PLUS at the MV-side of the SVC PLUS transformer for
degraded mode

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 24 of 26

4.2.5.1 Fundamental Rating

The rated component values are calculated by:

QLVSC = IVSC2 LVSC 3 for three phases

The following table shows the final rating of the phase-reactor.

Sub-Bank VSC
Number required 2x3
Type Dry-Type Air-core
Arrangement Side by side
Inductance per phase mH 15,0
Manufacturing tolerance
% -1,0/+1,0
(excluding taps)
Loss evaluation
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Losses (three phase) kW t.b.s.

at current/frequency A/Hz 1200/60
Loss Evaluation Factor at current €/kW
Minimum quality factor of 200
A
Voltage Stresses (rms)
a) fundamental frequency kVrms 6,79
Current Stresses (rms)
(including all relevant detuning fac-
tors and tolerances)
a) fundamental frequency Arms 1200
Rated Power
QLVSC3ph Mvar 24,43
QLVSC1ph Mvar 8,143
Insulation Level
Highest voltage for equipment (Um) kVrms 52
MCOV for creepage calculation
Terminal - Terminal kVrms 9,73
Between Phases kVrms 52
LV Terminal – Ground kVrms 52/ 3

Table 4-5: Fundamental Rating of the SVC PLUS

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 25 of 26

Nominal Data
Rated voltage (line to line)
Primary Winding (HV): 500 kV (1,0 pu)
Secondary Winding (MV): 28 kV (1,0 pu)
Normal Operating Voltage Range
Primary Winding: 0,85 to 1,10 pu
Secondary Winding: 0,75 to 1,20 pu
Maximum negative sequence voltage content: 2%
Nominal power (three-phase):
HV – MV 200 MVA
Transformer Connection (three phase): YNd5
Leakage impedance
HV – MV (based on 200 MVA): 0,15 pu
Tap changer range no tap changer
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

Maximum Short Circuit Current

HV side: 40kA (1sec)
MV side: fed from HV side

Table 4-6: Fundamental Rating of SVC-Transformer

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911
 P-012752_E_D1_6010_B_0
Page 26 of 26

5 List of References

Ref. No. Document No. Title

[1] CO-BACA-ESPE-D001-Especificación Statcom Bacata

[2] CO-BACA-ESPE-D001-CTG-Statcom Bacata
[3] CO-BACA-ESPE-D005-Resultados Corto Circuito
[4] CO-BACA-ESPE-D009-Coordinacion Aislamiento Bacata
[5] CO-BACA-ESPE-D002-CTG-Transformadores de aco-
plamiento
[6] CO-BACA-ESPE-D011-Med Armonicos Tensión Bacata
500
[7] CO-BACA-ESPE-D006-Z(w) Bacata

6 List of Appendices
Restricted © Siemens AG, 2014. All Rights reserved.

App. No. Document No. Customer Reference No. Title

--- --- --- ---

7 List of Enclosures

Encl. No. Document No. Rev. Date Title

--- --- --- --- ---

Study Report STATCOM Bacatá

Main Data Contract: 39911