1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

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The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

F02K9/62 - Combustion or thrust chambers

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

(57) Abstract:

The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit contains gasovod, a cylinder with two end plates
and mounted them in gas-liquid two-component nozzles, made in the form of consecutive cylinders of smaller diameter at the
entrance, acting in gasovod, and more output. In the Central channel of the nozzle in place of a smaller diameter is more there are
two rows of tangential openings for flow of the liquid component. The mixing chamber is made a length of 1.4 to 1.5 output nozzle
diameter nozzle. The Central channel directly in front of tangential holes made in the form of a cone. The invention is protected
according to the definition of input and output diameters of the cone and serving gasovod part injectors. This embodiment of the
combustion chamber increases the efficiency and sustainability of the workflow engine. 4 Il.

The invention relates to combustion chambers of rocket engines closed circuit.

Known combustion chamber of a liquid rocket engine J-2 firm Rocketdyne (USA), working on components of the fuel hydrogen-
oxygen. Head this is dialnum holes - the hydrogen. Between hydrogen and oxygen channels are dividing a cylindrical sleeve,
cropped from a nozzle by a certain amount (JA Schelke Astronatics 1962, Vor 7, N 2, p. 41, 98. A collection of translations of
articles published in the foreign press "Hydrogen rocket engines", CIAM, inv. 8942, 1963 ). However, due to the lack of pruning of
the dividing sleeve prevents the mixing of the components inside the nozzle and, therefore, requires a large length of the
combustion chamber to provide the necessary combustion efficiency.

Similar jet-centrifugal two-component nozzles used in the combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed
circuit SSME American firm of Fucidin for reusable space transportation system space Shuttle" (Levin, C. R., Ilyin, D. C., Lipatov, I.
N., Galerkin E. M., American oxygen-hydrogen rocket engine of Fucidin SSME, Proceedings of CIAM, inv. 1018, 1982), these
nozzles along the Central channel is also fed liquid oxygen, and radial holes - enriched hydrogen gas generator. To improve the
mixing of the components of the fuel inside the injector dividing sleeve cropped 6.1 mm when the diameter of the mixing chamber
6.35 mm (l/d = 0,96).

However, and still is, of the dividing sleeve between hydrogen gas shroud and liquid oxygen jet. Besides the acoustic conductivity
of the tangential hole is small and not fed regulation. Acoustic conductivity of the Central channel of the nozzle is also small due to
its small diameter and suboptimal its length. Therefore, the design of the combustion chamber is complicated antipollution
partitions and acoustic absorber.

The present invention is to improve combustion efficiency and high-frequency acoustic resistance of the working process in the
combustion chamber with the gas-liquid two-component nozzle having a Central channel for supplying gaseous component and
the tangential openings for flow of the liquid component.

This task is achieved by the fact that two rows of tangential holes are located in the Central channel of the nozzle in place of a
smaller diameter to a larger chamber length offset l1equal to l1= (...1,5 1,4)d1where d1- output diameter of the nozzle. The Central
channel directly in front of tangential holes made in the form of a cone (Fig.2). Input the diameter d3diffuser appointed condition of
the market, nf- the number of nozzles.

The output diameter of d2diffusers appointed under condition of providing the height of steps equal to the diameter of tangential
holes

< / BR>
and, therefore, the initial thickness of the swirling liquid cloths. Serving gasovod part of the nozzle is made of a length not less than
0.5 of the total length of the Central channel. The total length of the Central channel is selected from a condition of maximum
acoustic conductivity.

Running the length of the mixing chamber, is equal to l1= (...1,5 1,4)d1selected experimental data. When l1< 1,4 d1the combustion
efficiency is significantly reduced (Fig.3), with l1> 1,5 d1starts overheating of the nozzle jets. Double-row arrangement of tangential
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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

holes in the open contact of the liquid shroud and a gas jet optimizes your twist and mixing the liquid component from the gas. The
first row of the swirling jets of liquid is subjected to a stronger influence of the gas flow and more mixed with it, while retaining the
characteristics of the twist of the second number and duration of contact, swirling the liquid with the gas. Execution of the cone in
the Central channel directly the relation l1/d1and also improves the combustion efficiency of more than 0.5% (e.g., toRK= 0,984
instead 0,977). The presence of steps at the exit of the diffuser in front of tangential holes provides optimal characteristics of
swirling liquid shroud, thereby contributing to a better mixing of the fuel inside the nozzle and, consequently, improving combustion
efficiency.

The maximum permeability of the gas injectors, the optimization of the length of the Central channel and the protrusion of the
nozzle in gazivode provides increased removal of wave energy from the combustion chamber in gasovod, maximum dissipation of
wave energy and thereby increasing the stability of the workflow with respect to high-frequency acoustic vibrations. The influence
of these factors is confirmed by full-scale experimental tests of engines.

In Fig. 4 presents a comparative experimental data on the amplitude of the pressure pulsations in the combustion chamber of the
engine closed circuit depending on the temperature of producer gas at the inlet of the cylinder to nozzle length l/Dto= 0.13 and
l/Dto= 0,23 with trimming dividing bushings on the l1/d1is eliminated, in the chamber with nozzles not optimal for acoustic
conduction length (l/Dto= 0,13) pruning dividing bushings on the l1/d1= 0,66 increases the ripple amplitude with increasing
temperature mode oxidizing gas with 200oC to 400oC 3 times, trimming on the l1/d1= 0,73 6 times already at tgas= 300oC. With
extra long nozzle (l/Dto= 0,23), acting under the middle plate in gazvoda (l1/d1= 0.5), the amplitude of pulsations in the chamber
increased just 1.7 times even in the regime tgas= 540oC. In a nominal mode with tgas= 300oC elongation injectors with l/Dto= 0.13
to l/Dto= 0,23 reduced the amplitude of pulsations more than 5-fold (Fig.4).

In Fig. 3 shows the experimental dependence of the increase of combustion efficiency from cutting the dividing sleeve with
cylindrical and diffuser channel before the tangential holes. From this figure it follows that the trimming of the dividing sleeve to the
l1/D1= 0,5 does not affect the completeness of combustion of fuel, further increasing the pruning to the l1/d1= 1,46 increased the
combustion efficiency by 3%, the execution of the cone in the Central channel immediately before tangently channel nozzles.

In Fig. 3 - dependence of the completeness of combustion from the relationship l1/d1.

In Fig. 4 - dependence of the amplitude of pressure pulsations on the temperature.

A sketch of the proposed combustion chamber shown in Fig. 2. The combustion chamber contains gasovod 1, wall 2 and the core
3 of a two-component nozzle, the average of the bottom 4, the firing plate 9. The Central channel 5 is made with a diameter of d3at
the entrance, has a cone 6 with an output diameter of d2and the mixing chamber 11 with tangential openings 7. At the junction of
the cone 6 with the mixing chamber 11 completed step 10, equal to the diameter of tangential holes dt. The main nozzle 3 protrude
above the middle plate 4 and gazivode 1 length l3not less than 0.5 of the total length of the Central channel. The length of the
mixing chamber 11 made of length l1= (1,5 1,4...). The permeability of nozzles for gas, equal to the ratio of the total area of the
Central channel of the nozzle to the area of the combustion zone 11 chambers, is appointed by the condition:

< / BR>
The total length of the Central channel of the nozzle is selected from the condition of maximum acoustic conductivity.

Producer gas enriched with oxygen, comes from gazivoda 1 through the Central channel 5 of the nozzle 3 and across cruciverba
around the gas jet and mixed with it. The resulting mixture enters the combustion zone 8. Generated in the combustion zone of the
wave energy is made through the Central channel 5 injectors gazivode 1, where its dissipation between the protruding above the
middle plate 4 injectors. The maximum removal of wave energy is provided by optimizing the length and diameter of the Central
channel to achieve maximum acoustic conductivity.

The acoustic characteristics of a cylindrical pipe, and hence the gas jet nozzles are given in Kokinov A., "one-Dimensional flow
oscillations in a cylindrical pipe", Proceedings of TSAGI, issue 1231, M, ed. Department of TSAGI, 1970

Thus, the application of the proposed combustion chamber will increase the efficiency and stability of working process in liquid-
propellant rocket engines in a closed circuit.

The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit containing gasovod, a cylinder with two end
plates and mounted them in gas-liquid two-component nozzles, made in the form of consecutive cylinders of smaller diameter at
the entrance, acting in gasovod, and a larger output, characterized in that the Central channel of the nozzle in the place of the filing
of the liquid component, the mixing chamber made of length l1= (1,4 - 1,5)d1where d1- output nozzle diameter of the nozzle Central
channel directly in front of tangential holes made in the form of a diffuser, the inlet diameter d3which is assigned from the condition
of maximum total permeability of the gas injectors
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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

< / BR>
where Dto- diameter chamber;

nfthe number of nozzles

and the output diameter of d2- under condition of providing the height of steps equal to the diameter of tangential holes

< / BR>
serving gasovod part of the nozzle has a length of not less than 0.5 of the total length l of the Central channel, which is selected
from the condition of maximum acoustic conductivity.

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Device for damping gas in the combustion chamber // 2018018

Vortex rocket motor // 2300007

FIELD: rocketry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in liquid propellant and oxidant motors. According to invention, in
proposed vortex rocket motor containing combustion chamber in form of cylinder with bottom at one side and
dome to change into neck at other side, and nozzles to deliver propellant and oxidant, cone is made on
bottom of chamber to turn vortex, some nozzles are uniformly spaced on dome to provide formation of vortex
and designed to deliver propellant and part of oxidant, and one nozzle is located in cone to turn vortex and is
designed to deliver remaining part of oxidant. Propellant and oxidant delivery nozzles are arranged
tangentially relative to circumference of dome at angle of 60° to dome surface. motor is furnished with
deflecting blades to compensate for reactive rotation of chamber secured on cone which is mated with chamber neck.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced mass.

3 cl, 5 dwg

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

Jet engine // 2322606

FIELD: rocketry.

SUBSTANCE: proposed jet engine has body on which one or several combustion chambers are fastened in
walls of which shaped outlet channels are made. Design peculiarity of engine is that its body has at least one
central power post connecting front and rear parts of body. Combustion chambers are fastened on rear end of
post, their outlet channels being pointed forward towards head part of rocket or at angle to said direction, and
on other end of central post pointed to side of head part of rocket gas deflecting dome-like screen is secured whose front torus
like wall is pointed to side of head part of rocket, and open end of screen is pointed backwards and communicates with open
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EFFECT: increased efficiency of engine.

8 cl, 18 dwg

Method of manufacture of welded-soldered large-size nozzle of liquid propellant rocket

engine // 2323363

FIELD: rocketry; liquid propellant rocket engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of manufacture of nozzle for combustion chamber of liquid
propellant rocket engine. Proposed method of manufacture of welded-soldered large-size nozzle of liquid
propellant rocket engine chamber consisting of steel inner and outer envelopes connected with manifold unit
includes making of envelopes of sheet blanks using stamping, assembling, welding, slot cutting, application of
coating and soldering. Nozzle is made as soldered unit, inner envelope being made solid, seamless, by
method of multipass rotary extrusion with subsequent calibration of pack consisting of inner and outer envelopes by explosion
with preservation of relative position of envelopes. Girth seam at welding of parts of outer envelope is arranged in zone of
welding of under manifold ring.

EFFECT: reduced labor input, metal usage, cost of manufacture and improved reliability of nozzle.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Fire extinguishing aerosol generator // 2323757

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: generator can be applied for large scale fire extinguishing in closed or semi closed spaces. To
increase an operating speed the generator is designed with case having a cylinder coating, the said case is
with a front bottom and a perforated nozzle cover, generator is also equipped with charge of aerosol forming
composition, situated between the front end and a ring support, cooling unit, assembled on the support ring,
pipe, fastened inside the case along its axis, inducor, installed inside the pipe and trigger. Hollow bushing is
installed between and rigidly attached to the ring support and the support ring, the side surface of the bushing
has windows for burning products outlet. Charge is made of multi blocks and consists of at least three cylinder
blocks which are installed lengthwise a circle between the inside surface of the case coat and outside surface of the pipe. The
ring support is fastened on the end of the pipe facing the cooling unit, at that the opposite end of the pipe is fastened onto the
front bottom of the case, and the side surface of the pipe is perforated.

EFFECT: simplification of the design of aerosol forming solid fuel charge, increase of reliability of its performance.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Method of large-size nozzle of rocket liquid-propellant engine (rlpe) chamber // 2368480

FIELD: process engineering.

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

SUBSTANCE: outer and inner walls are assembled to form a chamber there between. Aforesaid chamber is
sealed on the side of larger diametre with the help of circular welded seam. Temporary compensator of linear
displacement seals the chamber on the side of smaller diametre. One end of the compensator is welded to
inner wall, while the other one is welded to outer wall. Vacuum is produced in the chamber and inert gas
pressure is created, chamber is soldered and cooled. Compensator is cut off, and its cut-off site is soldered to
the other RPLE chamber nozzle unit. Compensator is made from tubular workpiece in forming torus part to be
deformed in die to produce nozzle outer wall so that the size between aforesaid deformed inner surfaces
equal the thickness of RPLE chamber nozzle wall pack. Compensator radius part on the larger diametre side
is, then cut off.

EFFECT: lower labor input, ease of manufacture, higher tightness and strength of welded seam.

4 dwg

Low-thrust rocket engine // 2386846

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed low-thrust rocket engine comprises engine chamber with mixing head, fire bottom,
igniter with ignition chamber arranged along its axis, oxidiser swirl-type nozzle with tangential channels and
swirling chamber. It comprises also fuel jet nozzles directed towards the axis that have axial and peripheral channels to
communicate said swirling chamber with ignition chamber. In compliance with this invention, ignition chamber represents a
semi-sphere, while axial channel has converging and diverging parts with minimum section there between. Fuel jet nozzles are
directed at an angle to mixing head axis towards combustion chamber. Outlets of jet nozzles alternate with peripheral channel
inlets and are located at the end of diverging part of axial channel, behind tangential channel outlets, right after skewed edge of
said channels. Fire bottom represents a semi-sphere. Said fire bottom has tangential channels of curtain oxidizer, while jet
nozzle axes are directed towards their outlets. Swirl-type nozzle tangential channels are arranged at an angle to swirling
chamber axis and directed towards ignition. Split chamber housing consists of adapter, heatproof combustion chamber and
nozzle, their joint being accommodated in oxidiser manifold.

EFFECT: higher reliability, increased specific thrust.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Method of operating low-thrust rocket engine // 2397355

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in feeding non-self-priming components into combustion chamber
via tangential oxidiser feed channels and fuel spray nozzles, producing swirled gaseous oxidiser flow and fuel spray cone with
subsequent mix formation and feeding fuel mix into combustion chamber. Said mix is ignited and fired in combustion chamber.
Note here that one oxidiser jets from tangential fuel feed channels, prior to transforming them to swirled flow, run into fuel jets,
while other oxidiser jets eject fuel mix into combustion chamber from paraxial zone. Then mix is ignited and combustion
products are fed into chamber at supersonic speed and then with operating pressure reached therein, combustion chamber is
blown down by gaseous oxidiser from swirled flow periphery to paraxial zone, while tangential and toroidal vortices of mix
formation and combustion products are formed.

EFFECT: higher specific thrust pulse and longer life.

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Aircraft combustion chamber case // 2430306

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed combustion chamber multilayer case comprises internal pressure load bearing metal shell, layer of
silicon dioxide fabric impregnated with high-temperature glue for it to be guide to metal shell inner surface whereon sequentially

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber of a liquid propellant rocket engine of the closed circuit

applied are ceramic composite material reinforced by carbon fibers, antirust binder layer and high-temperature ceramic
composite material layer to stay in contact with gas produced in fuel combustion that feature temperature approximating to
1600�C. Silicon dioxide fabric features heat conductivity of about 0.2 W/mC. Linear expansion factor and modulus allow
thermal and mechanical compatibility of metal shell and said ceramic layers at operating temperatures of about 1000�C and
make about 20 106, 1/�C and 20 GPa, respectively. Thickness of every layer is selected so that temperature load on metal
shell is reduced to level not requiring additional external air cooling.

EFFECT: improved operating performances and higher efficiency.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Liquid-propellant engine // 2445500

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: liquid-propellant engine includes annular chamber with mixing head including component
supply units, coaxial spray injectors installed in units along concentric circles and containing a hollow tip
connecting the cavity of one fuel component to combustion chamber cavity, sleeve enclosing the tip with a
gap and connecting the cavity of the other fuel component to combustion chamber cavity. In outlet part of the
tip there made are pylons interacting with inner sleeve surface and aligning the tip relative to the sleeve, plate nozzle of external
expansion, shaped central body and annular critical section, control units and power supply units, which involve turbine-pump
unit with turbine, and which are located in the cavity of shaped central body. The latter consists of several parts. At that, at least
one part of shaped central body is provided with possibility of radial axisymmetrical rotation about longitudinal axis of shaped
central body and is kinematically connected to power supply units. On its external surface there installed are blades for giving
rotational movement to it. In pylons there made are channels one end of which opens to the tip cavity and the other one - to
combustion chamber cavity.

EFFECT: increasing specific burst of power, simplifying pneumatic-hydraulic circuit, and increasing the pressure in chamber at
minimum overall dimensions.

3 dwg

Liquid-propellant engine // 2445501

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: liquid-propellant engine includes annular chamber with mixing head and plate nozzle of
external expansion, shaped central body and annular critical section. Control units and power supply units,
which include turbine-pump unit with turbine, are located in cavity of shaped central body. The latter consists
of several parts; at that, at least one part of shaped central body is provided with possibility of radial axisymmetrical rotation
about longitudinal axis of shaped central body and kinematically connected to power supply units, and on its external surface
there installed are blades for bringing it into rotary movement. Annular cavities for supply of fuel components on the side of
combustion chamber cavity are covered with spacer plates in which there made are holes for supply of fuel components to
combustion zone. On the side opposite to combustion zone the above cavities are covered with shaped bottom the inner surface
of which is stepped; at that, at the bottom there made are radial and axial channels connecting fuel component supply cavities to
the appropriate annular cavities.

EFFECT: increasing specific burst of power, simplifying pneumatic-hydraulic circuit, and increasing pressure in chamber at
minimum overall dimensions.

3 dwg

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