Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Century Culture
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12-B U702
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 2 – Trends Subject Teacher: Parayo, Karen Micah R.

EMERGENCE OF TRENDS
Spotting a Trend
Someone or something starts or causes as trend. A person who starts a trend is called trendsetter. The individual’s
act or the event has attracted attention, earned acceptance, and created strong interest and influence on people. It
demonstrates an accelerated spread among various sectors and areas and creates a deep and wide scope of influence on
people, sectors, and the environment. Thus, it leads to change.
Trendspotting refers to the ability to identify emerging trends, and is rooted in the capacity to recognize patterns.

Recurrence of a response or behavior in a prescribed arrangement or order.

WHAT IS A PATTERN?

LAW OF EFFECT (EDWARD THORNDIKE)

Response gets repeated if it is satisfying. It is not repeated if its effect is discomfort.

OPPERANT CONDITIONING (B.F. SKINNER)

Learning through reinforcement: The system of reward and punishment.

In order to follow and observe if a pattern emerges out of various events and phenomena, one
should have tools necessary to detect it. The tools that a trend spotter should find handy to use are categorized into four
(4) activities. According to Rehn and Lindkvist (2013), these are the following:
1. Documentation- this means being able to record your observations which you consider related to any trend. The
important thing in documentation is the ability to physically keep information and data wherever and whenever
you may be.

2. Archive or Memory- this means being able to easily retrieve any documentation you have kept. Nowadays, the
most space- saving way of archiving is turning the physical into digital. Notes can be scanned or converted to a
portable document format (PDF) while digital pictures can be easily saved.

3. Analysis- this is the stage where examination and combination happen. Looking for patterns or prospective trends
can be achieved through these methods: Brainstorming, Grouping, and Crafting combinations. In brainstorming,
you decide which from your data is important and which can be discarded. In grouping, you create headings
where observations and data can fall under. In crafting combinations, you begin to link one thing to another and
think what could happen if these are taken a step further, more like generating new ideas.

4. Presentation- this is representing your findings for easy understanding as a way of analysis.

Identifying emerging patterns can be used to introduce to individuals, organizations, and communities change,
improvement, transformation, and new opportunities.
Once patterns are identified, trends are given rational explanations for their further emergence or existence, and
are provided with a better understanding of their cultural origins.
 Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Century Culture
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12-B U702
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 2 – Trends Subject Teacher: Parayo, Karen Micah R.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EMERGENCE OF TREND

 Types of Government

1. Democracy- a form of government in which the power or authority resides from the people.

a.) Direct or pure democracy- the will of the state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through
the people in a mass meeting or primary assembly.

b.) Indirect, representative or republican Democracy- the will of the state is formulated and expressed through
the agency of a relatively small and selected body of persons chosen by the people to act as their
representatives.

2. Monarchy- one in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the
source of his election or the nature or duration of his tenure.

a.) Absolute Monarchy- the ruler rules by divine right. All powers are concentrated to the monarch.

b.) Limited Monarchy- the power of the monarch is limited as mandated by the constitution.

3. Aristocracy- the political power is exercised by a few privileged classes usually by nobles and intellectuals.

4. Oligarchy- power is shaped by few people. Oligarchs came to power usually because of wealth.

5. Totalitarian Government- a form of government trying to control all aspects of private and public life.
 Characteristics of a Totalitarian Government:
a. Ruled by a dictator
b. Presence of a single ruling political party (e.g. Worker’s Party of North Korea)
c. Strict censorship
d. Constant dissemination of pro-government propaganda
e. Prohibition of dissent or criticism
f. Mandatory military service of all citizens
g. Prohibition of religious or political groups
h. Laws enforced by the military

6. Authoritarian Government- a form of government that grants limited degree of political freedom.
 Characteristics of an Authoritarian Government:
a. Limited political freedom with strict government controls imposed on political institutions and groups
like legislatures, political parties, and interest groups
b. Strict government-imposed constraints on anti-regime activities
c. A controlling regime that justifies itself to the people as a “necessary evil.”

 Information and Communication Technology

- Mechanisms that help in transmitting, receiving, storing, accessing, and processing information.
Often, ICT is used interchangeably with Information Technology (IT). However, the scope of IT is limited to
computer systems. To better gain an understanding of the scope of ICT, one can look into it through the following sub-
areas:
1. Information Technology- the set of tools, equipment, processes, and protocols that enable computers to store,
retrieve, analyze, process, manipulate, transmit, and distribute electronic data or information.

2. Telecommunications Technologies- the set of tools, equipment, processes and protocols surrounding the
transmission and reception of audio, data, or communication using electromagnetic signals.
 Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Century Culture
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12-B U702
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 2 – Trends Subject Teacher: Parayo, Karen Micah R.

3. Networking Technologies- the set of tools, equipment, processes, and protocols surrounding the networking of
computing devices or computer systems to exchange information and share resources.
COMPONENTS OF ICT
A. Data- data is the plural of datum- a Latin word that means “something given.” In ICT, data is the general term
given to all raw materials that are entered into the computer through an input system. These data are received,
processed, sometimes manipulated, stored in a system unit, and finally displayed by an output device.

B. Information- this is the output when raw data undergoes processing.

C. Hardware- these are the physical and tangible components of a system. Such as, modems, computers, and other
technical components (motherboards, disk drivers, routers, etc.) needed to run the system.

D. Software- these are intangible components of the computer consisting of commands, written in various
programming languages. They are designed to make a computer perform its functions.

E. Procedure- these are the ways by which the tasks are to be done. Procedures are usually directed by the software
or the systems involved.

F. People- these are the individuals that create and design both the hardware and software as well as determine the
procedure and monitor compliance.

THE ICT DEVELOPMENT

ABACUS CALCULATOR RADIO

Also called a counting frame, it
is a device used to aid in
calculations. It was invented
around 3000 BC and was used in
ancient civilizations.
An electronic device with visual
display and keyboard used for
mathematical calculations. The first
electronic calculator was assembled
by Konrad Zuse.
With the invention of wireless
telegraphy by Guglielmo
Marconi, radio broadcast became
widespread during the 1920s.

COMPUTERS TELEPHONE TELEVISION

Early versions of computers we
see nowadays were manufactured
by IBM in 1981. This was
possible with the invention of the
first microprocessor introduced by
intel in 1971.
Invented in 1876 by Alexander
Graham Bell. The technology became
widespread in 1930s with the creation
of telephone sets.
Early inventions of television
were done by Philo Fansworth in
early 19th century. Colored
television was developed in 1940s
but became prevalent in 1960s.

INTERNET MODERN DIGITAL

GADGETS
DIVIDE
DesktopDiscrepancy
computers were made more
in people’s access
Also known as the World Wide mobile through
and skilllaptops
relatedand
to ICT.
tablets.
Web – it was invented by Tim Mobile phones were improved with
Lee, an English engineer and more features.
computer scientist.
 Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Century Culture
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12-B U702
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 2 – Trends Subject Teacher: Parayo, Karen Micah R.

 Mass Media
- These are channels, ways, or vehicles that aid in communicating or transferring information to a larger number of
people.
TYPES OF MASS MEDIA
1. Print- it is the longest form of mass media. This
includes newspapers, books, magazines, pamphlets,
brochures, and journals.
2. Recordings- it took the form of compact discs, or CDs
or DVDs, which stores audio files, speeches, and voices.
3. Cinema- became a mass medium in 1910. It features not
only sounds but moving pictures.
4. Radio- a popular mass medium in 1920s. Radio can be
streamed because it can be broadcasted real-time.
5. Television- it was able to annex other mass medias into
one, and offers more format that the other medias cannot
provide.
6. Internet- it emerged during the 1990s. It is a contraction
of interconnected networks that gives an easy access and
distribution of resources.
7. Mobile Phone- fuses all other mass medium into one. It is the most portable media so far.
NAME: BOLWA, LORENCE L. SECTION: HUMSS 12-B U702 SCORE:
______________
ACTIVITY 2: SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read and analyze each statement/ question carefully. Select the option that best describes the
given items. ENCIRCLE the letter of your answer. (10 items, 1 point each).
1. Which of the following type of government has a king or queen that holds the power? C.Monarchy
A. Dictatorship C. Monarchy
B. Direct Democracy D. Republic

2. In Saudi Arabia, the royal family can enforce any law it wishes no matter how bad it could be for the country. Which of
the following type of monarchy is applied? A. Absolute Monarchy
A. Absolute Monarchy C. Pure Monarchy
B. Constitutional Monarchy D. Semi-Monarchy

3. Which of the following types of government is considered as the rule of majority where voting and electing officials
take place? B. Democracy
A. Absolute Monarchy C. Dictatorship
B. Democracy D. Totalitarianism

4. Which of the following type of government controls all aspects in public and private life? D. Totalitarian
A. Authoritarian C. Oligarchy
B. Democratic D. Totalitarian

5. What term refers to the recurrence of response or behavior in a prescribed arrangement or order? C. Pattern
A. Fads C. Pattern
B. Movement D. Rhythm
 Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Century Culture
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 12-B U702
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 2 – Trends Subject Teacher: Parayo, Karen Micah R.

6. The following are activities that a trend setter should execute to detect the emergence of pattern, EXCEPT: C.
Memorization
A. Analysis C. Memorization
B. Documentation D. Presentation

7. Alexandria is tasked to show her documentation about a particular trend in Baguio City to her colleagues through a
power point presentation. She used the PowerPoint as an analytical technique to popularize the said phenomenon.
Which of the following activities in detecting the emergence of a pattern did she applied? A. Analysis
A. Analysis C. Documentation
B. Archive D. Presentation

8. What mass medium became popular in 1910 which features not only sounds but moving pictures? A. Cinema
A. Cinema C. Recordings
B. Internet D. Television

9. Who invented the early form of television? B. Philo Fansworth

A. Alexander Bell C. Guglielmo Marconi
B. Philo Fansworth D. Tim Lee

10. What component of ICT refers to all raw materials that are entered into the computer through an input system? A. Data
A. Data C. Output
B. Input D. People
II. REFLECTION: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Answer the item comprehensively. Write neatly and
legibly with no erasures. (1 item, 10 points).
Criteria
Content 5 pts
Organization of thoughts 3pts
Writing style and grammatical construction 2pts
TOTAL 10 pts

1. Explain comprehensively the connection of government, ICT, and mass media in the emergence of a certain
phenomenon. Give one (1) real life situation or event in the Philippine setting to support your answer.

Since the government is the center of information or it is where most of the information is coming from. The
information coming from the government is easily segrated or set a part through Information and Communication
Technology which the center of transmitting, receiving, storing, accessing, and processing information. After the
processing of information, the mass media will spread or disseminate the information to a huge number of people
through its channel which are newspapers, radio, television or social media. To sum it all up, here is an example of
an event here in the Philippines. During the Martial Law back from Marcos’ era, all the reports or datas are directly
reported to the head of the government who is Ferdinand Marcos, after the informations are rerported, he as the head
of ICT that time separates or picks news that are to be reported only. After segregating the informations, certain or
chosen newspaper studio, radio studio or television studio are the only ones who can disseminate the information
through the country.
REFERENCES:
 Urgel, Elizabeth T. (2017). Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture. 4/F SEDCCO 1
Bldg. 120 Thailand corner Legazpi Streets Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning
Systems, Inc.

 Arzadon, M.E., Romerosa, P.G. and Zarate, Ma. Jovita E. (2018). Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking. 1253
G. Araneta Avenue cor. Ma. Clara Street, Talayan, Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.