Term paper

Importance of Critical thinking from small thinking to big thinking

Minimum 8 pages
Title page
Introduction

Critical Thinking is the technique of analyzing thoughts and presenting them for positive criticism so that
the final ideas are feasible and viable. In other words, it is a logical study of decision-making
techniques and improvement of judgment-skills. It’s not only about the way we think and analyze facts,
but also how we use those facts to decide upon a course of action and act upon them.
Definition statement

Explanation

Why critical thinking is required for, teachers, students, researchers, and common person

Conculsion
Reference
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/critical_thinking/critical_thinking_introduction.htm
Critical Thinking Skills

Analysis

Critical thinking is the ability to carefully examine something, whether it is a problem, a set of data,
or a text. People with analytical skills can examine information, understand what it means, and
properly explain to others the implications of that information.

Asking Thoughtful Questions

Data Analysis

Research

Interpretation

Judgment

Questioning Evidence

Recognizing Patterns

Skepticism

Communication

Often, you will need to share your conclusions with your employers or with a group of colleagues.
You need to be able to communicate with others to share your ideas effectively. You might also
need to engage critical thinking in a group. In this case, you will need to work with others and
communicate effectively to figure out solutions to complex problems.

Active Listening
Assessment
Collaboration
Explanation
Interpersonal
Presentation
Teamwork
Verbal Communication
Written Communication
Creativity
Critical thinking often involves creativity and innovation. You might need to spot patterns in the
information you are looking at or come up with a solution that no one else has thought of before. All of
this involves a creative eye that can take a different approach from all other approaches.
Flexibility
Conceptualization
Curiosity
Imagination
Drawing Connections
Inferring
Predicting
Synthesizing
Vision
Open-Mindedness
To think critically, you need to be able to put aside any assumptions or judgments and merely analyze
the information you receive. You need to be objective, evaluating ideas without bias.
Diversity
Fairness
Humility
Inclusive
Objectivity
Observation
Reflection
Problem Solving
Problem solving is another critical thinking skill that involves analyzing a problem, generating and
implementing a solution, and assessing the success of the plan. Employers don’t simply want employees
who can think about information critically. They also need to be able to come up with practical
solutions.
Attention to Detail
Clarification
Decision Making
Evaluation
Groundedness
Identifying Patterns
Innovation
More Critical Thinking Skills
Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Compliance
Noticing Outliers
Adaptability
Emotional Intelligence
Brainstorming
Optimization
Restructuring
Integration
Strategic Planning
Project Management
Ongoing Improvement
Causal Relationships
Case Analysis
Diagnostics
SWOT Analysis
Business Intelligence
Quantitative Data Management
Qualitative Data Management
Metrics
Accuracy
Risk Management
Statistics
Scientific Method
Consumer Behavior

A Brief History of the Idea of Critical Thinking

     
   
The intellectual roots of critical thinking are as ancient as its etymology, traceable,
ultimately, to the teaching practice and vision of Socrates 2,500 years ago who
discovered by a method of probing questioning that people could not rationally justify
their confident claims to knowledge. Confused meanings, inadequate evidence, or
self-contradictory beliefs often lurked beneath smooth but largely empty rhetoric.
Socrates established the fact that one cannot depend upon those in "authority" to
have sound knowledge and insight. He demonstrated that persons may have power
and high position and yet be deeply confused and irrational. He established the
importance of asking deep questions that probe profoundly into thinking before we
   
accept ideas as worthy of belief.

He established the importance of seeking evidence, closely examining reasoning and

assumptions, analyzing basic concepts, and tracing out implications not only of what is
said but of what is done as well. His method of questioning is now known as "Socratic
Questioning" and is the best known critical thinking teaching strategy. In his mode of
questioning, Socrates highlighted the need in thinking for clarity and logical
consistency.

Socrates set the agenda for the tradition of critical thinking, namely, to reflectively
question common beliefs and explanations, carefully distinguishing those beliefs that
are reasonable and logical from those which — however appealing they may be to our
native egocentrism, however much they serve our vested interests, however
comfortable or comforting they may be — lack adequate evidence or rational
foundation to warrant our belief
A theory of critical thinking

Critical thinking skill is exemplified by asking questions about alternative

possibilities in order to reliably achieve some objective. Asking and answering
questions is a skill of dialogue. Alternative possibilities are represented by mental
models. A process of questioning mental models is (or should be) adopted because of
its reliability for achieving the purposes of the participants within the available time.
Thus, the theory of critical thinking draws on and synthesizes research on three
separate topics:

1. Theories of reasoning according to which people represent information about a

problem or situation by means of mental models of alternative possibilities, evaluate
the models in the light of relevant background knowledge, update the models by
adding new information as it becomes available, revise models to resolve internal
inconsistencies, and draw conclusions by inspecting the surviving possibilities
(adapted from Johnson-Laird, 1983; Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991).