Vorerkundung von Tunneln

Workshop 9, Monday 12 June 2006

From Alpine to Urban Tunnels
Ewald Brückl (Vienna University of Technology) & Rüdiger Giese (GFZ Potsdam)
09.00 Welcome and Introduction
Ewald Brückl (Vienna University of Technology)
09.05 Railway Tunnels through the Eastern Alps – Challenges and Chances for Geophysical
Exploration
Manfred Köhler (Brenner Eisenbahn GmbH)*
Exploration of Tunnels from Surface
Chairman: Rüdiger Giese (GFZ Potsdam)
09.30 Exploration of Shallow Tunnels in Urban and Alpine Environments
Bodo Lehmann (DMT) & Alexander Radinger* (Jaakko Pöyry Infra)
09.55 Characterization of Fracture Zones in Bedrock Using 2D Resistivity
Jan S. Ronning (Geological Survey of Norway)*
10.20 COFFEE BREAK
10.40 Aeromagnetic Mapping of Deep-Weathered Fracture Zones in the Oslo Region – A New
Tool for Improved Planning of Tunnels
Odleiv Olesen (Geological Survey of Norway)*
11.05 Integration of Geophysics into the Exploration Concept of the Koralm Base Tunnel
Gerhard Harer (ÖBB Infrastruktur Bau AG)*
11.30 General Discussion
Key methods and technologies, data and results, integration and verification
12.00 LUNCH BREAK (not included)
Exploration from Tunnel ahead
Chairman: Ewald Brückl (Vienna University of Technology)
12.40 Seismic Exploration from ahead during Tunnel Construction in Rock
Thomas Dickmann (Amberg Measuring Technique Ltd.)*
13.05 TBM Integrated Geophysical Exploration ahead of the Tunnel Face
K. Lorenz (Geophysik Support)*
13.30 Seismic-while-Drilling by Using Tunnel Boring Machine Noise
Lorenzo Petronio (OGS)*
13.55 COFFEE BREAK
14.15 Fresnel Volume Migration of Multicomponent Data
Stefan Buske (Freie Universität Berlin)*
14.40 Seismic Prediction ahead of Tunnel Construction Using Rayleigh to Body Wave
Conversion at the Tunnel Head Face
Thomas Bohlen (TU Bergakademie Freiberg)
15.05 Seismic Exploration ahead of a Tunnel with the Integrated Seismic Imaging System (ISIS,
GFZ Potsdam)
Stefan Lüth (GFZ Potsdam)
15.30 General Discussion
Key methods and technologies, data and results, integration and verification
15.55 Summary and Goodbye
Rüdiger Giese (GFZ Potsdam)

IG21: Anwendung - Geotechnik

 EAGE-Workshop W9
From Alpine to Urban Tunnels

Risk Minimization For Shallow Tunnelling In Alpine And Urban

Environments With Geophysical Methods – A Field Report

(Alexander Radinger, Dirk Orlowsky and Bodo Lehmann)

mGal
E n tfern u n g [m ]
103. 90
Berechnete Schwere 0 50 1 00 15 0 2 00 2 50 2 50
103. 80

103. 70 Gemessene Schwere

Meter
20 40 60 80 100

Umgebungsdichte 2,60 g/cm³

5

B o h ra n sa tzp u n kte
10
n ied rig 0 1 2 3
Dichte 0 g/cm³
hoch H o h lrau m - / E r dfallin dika to r
Meter
15
20 40 60 80 100 J o in t-In ve rsio n a us G r avim etr ie u n d S eism ik
 Geological Forecast for Tunneling in Alpine and Urban Environments

GEOPHYSICAL THE TOOLS /

Surveying / identifying geotechnical
SERVICES METHODS
risks prior to tunneling, ahead of
tunneling and & around the excavatet
tunnel
(Quelle
GBA)

in / between Measuring
airborne from the surface
bohrholes while tunneling
The Basics - Seismic

Vakimpak

Sprengseismik

Vibroseismik
The Basics- Seismic

Drilling logging seismic

direct indirect – 1st step tomography
indirect – 2nd step
 The Basics- Seismic
looking „around“ the
tunnel
looking ahead the face
Geophonquerschnitte
Grenzfläche
A A B
Geophone fracture zone

receiver
Schuß Tunnel

source Schuß
A` A` B`
source (blasting)

geophones

seismic source (blasting)

ray path of the „seismic waves“

phys
i ca l
inter
f a ce
/ refr
a ct o
r
 mGal

The Basics - Gravity 103.90

Berechnete Schwere

103.80

103.70 Gemessene Schwere

Meter
20 40 60 80 100

Umgebungsdichte 2,60 g/cm³

5

10

Dichte 0 g/cm³
684000 685000 686000 687000 688000 689000 690000 691000 692000
Meter
15

5228000
20 40 60 80 100

5227000
5226000

4
4 84
84 164
164 244
244 324
324 404
404 484
564
484 644
724
564
5225000

804
644 884
724 2636
964 2564
804 1044
884 2484
964 1124
1044 1204 2404
1420
1364
1284
1124 2324
1204 2244
1284 2164
1364
1444 2084
1524
1604 2004
1684 1924
1844
1764
1844 1764
1924 1684
2004 1604
2084 1524
5224000

2244
21642268
2204 1444
2164
2084 1364
2004 1284
1924 1204
1844 10441124
1764 964
1684 884
1604 804
1524 724
1444 644
1364 564
484
1284 404
1204 324
1124
5223000

244
1044
164
964
884 84
4
804
724
644
564
484
404
324
244
164
84
4
5222000
5221000

-1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

mGal
The Basics – Ground Penetration Radar (GPR)
The Basics – 2D Geoelectric

Elektroden

A M N B

Potentiallinien
Stromlinien
Geophysics in Practice – A Field Report

Geophysics for the geological forecast

of shallow tunnels in alpine &
urban environments

• Highspeed Railway Nuremburg –

Ingolstadt
• S1 Wiener Aussenring – Schnellstraße

• Highspeed Railway Vienna – St. Pölten

Wienerwald Tunnel

• S10 Mühlviertler Schnellstraße

 Geophysics in Practice – „High Speed Railway Nuremburg - Ingolstadt“

• Project: 70 km highspeed railway track / ~ 15 % tunnel / shallow (5

to 50m)

• Environment: complex geology, measuring while excavation &

surveying around the excavated tunnel, noisy ....)

• Target: reducing the risk of collapse caused by weak / carstified

structures ................. carst structures > 1.5m

• Geophysics: high resolution seismic (tomographical refraction &

reflexion, seismic source – Vakimpak & Hammer, 1m geophon
spacing, 1 to 2m source spacing, 100 to 150 active channel), High
resolution Gravity (1 m grid spacing, partly 2D modelling), Ground
Penetration Radar (monostatical surveying, 100 to 400 MHz
measuring frequency, 2 m line spacing), IP - Geoelectric (BEAM),
Seismic Tomography (drilling grid spacing 10m, surveying depth
40m, 0.5m source & surveying spacing, source p-wave sparker, 48
acitve channels),

• Service: consulting, land surveying, data acquisition, processing,

interpretation, drilling, borehole video loging …… geophysical /
geological model
Geophysics in Practice – „High Speed Railway Nuremburg - Ingolstadt“

SEISMIC

„Carst –
Indication –
Factor“
Geophysics in Practice – „High Speed Railway Nuremberg - Ingolstadt“

Entfernung [m]
50 100 150 200 250 300

Bohransatzpunkte
niedrig 0 1 2 3
hoch Hohlraum- / Erdfallindikator
Joint-Interpretation aus Gravimetrie und Seismik

without geophysics ...... > 5000 drillings

with geophysics ............ 14 drillings & bohrehole testing
Geophysics in Practice – „High Speed Railway Nuremberg - Ingolstadt“

GPR

layering

carst structures
Geophysics in Practice –
Achse
„High Speed Railway Nurenburg - Ingolstadt“
Tomographieebenen

Brunnen-
bohrungen

p-wave velocity [m/s]

elevation [m NN]
depth [m]

weak zone / carst

structure

P-wave velocity [m/s] distance [m]

 Geophysics in Practice – „S1 Wiener Aussenring Schnellstraße“

• Project: S1 – cycle motorway for vienna – Tunnel Lobau

• Environment: nature protection area in the vicinity of a

metropolis

• Target: improving the geological modell (main faults, top

of tertiary, sandy lenses …), tunnel lining evaluation

• Geophysics: high resolution seismic (tomographical

refraction & reflexion, 10km, seismic source – Vakimpak,
2m geophon spacing, 4 m source spacing, roll-along, 150
active channel), 2D Geoelectric (10km, 5 m electrode
spacing, 70 acive electrodes, Wenner & Schlumberger
configuration), 1D Geoelectric Soundings (40 TS,
Schlumberger configuration, AB distance 500 m)

• Service: consulting, permit, land surveying, data

acquisition, processing, interpretation …… geophysical /
geological model
 Geophysics in Practice – S1 Wiener Aussenring Schnellstraße

C9 19/5 C9 19/8 C 919/9 L969 /Bl.8 L9 70/Bl.1 M 019??? C64 3/10 C6 43/8 D105/5

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700
160

150

140
quaternary
130

120

110

100
Höhe (m.ü.A)

90
tertiary
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700
Common Depth Point (m)
Tkm 0 Tkm 500 Tkm 1000 Tkm 1500 Tkm 2000 Tkm 2500
 Geophysics in Practice – „High Speed Railway Track
Wien- St. Pölten – Wienerwald Tunnel“
• Project: Railway Tunnel – Wienerwald Tunnel
(13.5km, Hadersdorf-Weidlingau to Chorherrn),
under construction since 2004, two TBM and
standard excavation (NÖT)

• Environment: Wienerwald recreation area close to

vienna

• Target: geological modell (lithological units, main

faults, approximating geotechnical rock parameter
......)

• Geophysics in 2 phases: high resolution seismic

(13km refraction & reflexion seismic, seismic source
– blasting, 4m geophon spacing, 8 m source
spacing, roll-along, 96 active channel), 2D
Geoelectric (5 m electrode spacing, 70 acive
electrodes, Wenner & Schlumberger configuration),

• Service: consulting, permit, land surveying, data

acquisition, processing, interpretation ……
geophysical / geological model, input to a „living“ 3d
volume model
 Geophysics in Practice – „High Speed Railway Track
Wien- St. Pölten – Wienerwald Tunnel“

• lithological situation
/ units
• faults
• geotechnical / rock
properties (dynamic
parameter)
• .....

depth section & refraction model / p- & sh-wave

velocity
Geophysics in Practice – „High Speed Railway Track
Wien- St. Pölten – Wienerwald Tunnel“

pseudosection in the vicinity of a fault (3rd iteration, rms

6 2)
 Aeromagnetic mapping of
deep-weathered fracture
zones in the Oslo Region – a
new tool for improved
planning of tunnels

Odleiv Olesen
Geological Survey of Norway
 Exhumed etch-surface

Oslo
ay
rw

Erosion surfaces
No

Ice-modified valleys
n

Sub-Cretaceous ’etch-surface’
de

Glacial erosion
e

Oslo
Sw

Palaeic surface
Tertiary surface
Lidmar-Bergstrøm 1999
Sub-Cretaceous
Sub-Cambrian
Scania surface

Modified from Lidmar-Bergstrøm et al. 1999

 Tropical weathering in Scandinavia
Saprolite

JURASSIC
tropical climate - deep weathering
Joints

Claystone Cretaceous rocks

CRETACEOUS
high water level - sedimentation
Joints

Saprolite remnant

TODAY
Joints uplift and exhumation

From Lidmar-Bergström et al. 1999

 Sub-Cretaceous etch-surface
Sarpsborg
Fredrikstad

Hvaler
 Remnants of saprolite
Røyken, Oslofjord
Saprolite – Vietnam

Nghia 2004
 Aeromagntic and topography
Total field Analytic signal DEM
Nordmarka Oslo Oslo
intrusion

Dykes
Drammen
Granite

Oslofjord Fault Zone Oslofjord Fault Zone

Iddefjord
Fredrikstad
Granite
 Filtered magnetic data
Romeriksporten
railroad
tunnel

Lieråsen
railroad
tunnel
Low-magnetic zones
along joint valleys
Hurumlandet
 Lieråsen railroad tunnel

Huseby 1968, Palmstrøm et al. 2003

 Lieråsen railroad tunnel
Filtered magnetic data Filtered topography

40 m

-40

taw
m
200
100
0

Swelling clay
Drammen Granite
Diabase dyke
Rombporphyry
/with clay
Kambro-silurian
Permanent large water
Weaknesszone leakage

Huseby 1968, Palmstrøm et al. 2003

Magnetic modelling of deep weathering
Observed magnetic field
Calculated magnetic field

Flight path
Overburden

Deep weathering
Deep weathering

Iddefjord granite