DRY

BATTERY
Submitted By: Submitted To:

CHARGER
XII Non-Medical

Board Roll No.:

 INDEX

1.) Acknowledgement
2.) Certificate
3.) Aim of the Project
4.) Components
5.) Theory
6.) Ni-Cd Battery Charger
7.) Chemical Reactions
8.) Circuit Diagram
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to offer my gratitude and indebtedness

to my principal _______for providing the best of
facilities and environment to bring out our spirit of
inquiry and innovation through this venture.

I would to thank my teacher _____(H.O.D. PHYSICS)

for sincere encouragement, creative guidance,
constructive criticism and valuable suggestions
during the preparation of the project.

I wish to thank my parents for their undivided

support which inspired me and encouraged me to
go my own way. At last I would like to thank my
friends who appreciated me for my work.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that of XII

Non-Medical has submitted project titled “Dry
Battery Charger” along with a working project
on the same following all the given
instructions and procedures.
 AIM OF THE PROJECT

To Create/Assemble a “Dry
Battery Charger” using
transformer and diode.

Description: The Step-Down

Transformer transforms 220v AC as input
into 6v AC as output. The Diode converts
the received 6v AC into DC. The LED along
with a 56Ω resistance connected in parallel
indicates the charging of dry battery
placed in the holder.
 COMPONENTS

o Step-Down Transformer (220 -- 6-0-6)

o Two Diodes (p-n junction)

o Light Emitting Diode (LED)

o Two Cells (1.2v each)

o Two Ohmic Resistances (56Ω each)

o Mains Cord

o Connecting Wires
 THEORY

The cell is a device by which electrical energy is

obtained from the chemical energy stored due to
chemical reactions taking place in the cell. The
combination of two or more cells is called a
battery.

Electrochemical cells are of two types:

1. PRIMARY CELL: These can be used just once
i.e. once the cell gets discharged it cannot be
charged completely. The most common
example is the portable form of Lechlanche
Cell, Voltaic cell, Daniel cell.
2. SECONDARY CELL: These cell can be
recharge by applying a potential greater than
the emf of the battery in the opposite direction
i.e. from positive to negative. Examples
Acid/Lead Battery (Not dry), Ni-Cd Cell.
Ni-Cd BATTERY CHARGER

The nickel-cadmium battery is a popular type of

rechargeable battery for portable electronics and
toys using the metals nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd)
as the active chemicals. They are sometimes used
as a replacement for primary cells, being available
in many of the same sizes.

Ni-Cd batteries usually have a metal case with a

sealing plate equipped with a self-sealing safety
valve. The positive and negative electrode plates,
isolated from each other by the separator, are
rolled in a spiral shape inside the case.

In the project, two AA size Li-Cd cells as battery

are which is commonly available and can be used in
many appliances. This circuit can also recharge
common dry cell battery for fewer times at certain
level.

Ni-Cd cells have potential of 1.2 V. So Ni-Cd

batteries come in multiple of 1.2v but it maintains
constant voltage throughout its service life and
about 0.8–1v when discharged.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS

The chemical reactions during discharge are:

At the cadmium electrode i.e. Cathode:
−¿¿

Cd+ 2O H −¿→ Cd ( OH ) +2 e
2 ¿

At the nickel electrode i.e. Anode:

−¿¿

2 NiO ( OH )+ 2 H 2 O+ 2 e−¿ →2∋ (OH ) +2 O H

2 ¿

The net reaction which occurs in a Ni-Cd battery is:

2 NiO ( OH )+ Cd+2 H 2 O →2∋ ( OH )2 +Cd ( OH )2

While charging, reaction take place in the opposite

direction because of the applied potential across
the cells.

For the simple dry primary cells as used in

the project, the recharging can be done but
the charging is never complete thus the
battery is not charged 100%.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Here is a simple and slow charger for better life of small

Ni-Cd battery. Charge it for 6-12 hrs using this circuit.

The same can be used for Primary Leclanche Dry Cells for
experimental purpose.
 Bibliography

o Wikipedia.org

o Batterystuff.com

o Rechargebatteries.org

o Images.google.com

o Batteryuniversity.com

o Circuiteasy.com