Quid Refert, Dummodo non Desinas, Tardius Ire

LEGAL Deception Detection

MEDICINE Dr. Lising

DECEPTION DETECTION 3. Concealments

 Omitting relevant information

The Tokyo Declaration
Nagsabi ka ng totoo but you omitted certain parts of the truth. So
it’s a half truth.
 Endorsed by the world medical association in 1975
4. Exaggerations
 Declares the abhorrence of physicians of acts of
torture and that no physician shall countenance or
5. Understatements
participate is a such
 In exaggerations and understatements, you make
Why is this relevant to you? Because as you find out later, some of
something bigger than it is or you minimize an
the techniques of deception detection involves the use of
importance of something.
enhanced interrogation techniques, techniques that would not be
possible without the active intervention of decisions.
So this is something that you should know because these hat your
patients do to you. Patients are notorious liars. So, its up to you as
Deception
a doctor to you to be able to bring out truth.

Nakagamit naba kayo ng cheap sir? Hindi, wala po talaga akong

 Acts to propagate belief of things which are
magagamit , sabi ng patiente. Eh bakit may G(+)diplicocci dito sa
o False
smear mo? Patiente: naku siguro sir nakuha ko yan nung
o Half truths
nakatambay ako sa bus station. Madumi po CR dun. Yan yung mga
 Intentional
paboritong sinasabi ng patiente. They will not tell you the entire
truth.
Can you lie unintentionally? As you notice, hindi kayo
makakapagsinungaling without intending. Whether its white lie or
For Integrity Identification. Yan yung mga “siguro doc” “hindi po
a high value lie. It has to be intentional, and because it is
ako sure eh”. Kunwari kasama yung parents, pumunta sayo. 17
intentional it involves the use of positive cognitive function.
y/o girl. Are you having a sexual relation? Kasi your thinking of
pregnancy. Girl: hhmm wala naman pong nangyayari masyado.
 Involves use of positive cognitive function
Ambiguous statement. And that’s actually what they say in actual
practice.
It uses not only memory, it also uses your frontal cortex. What
does that mean? Pinoprocess niyo yan. When you use something
DOC: Ikaw ba naninigarilyo? Patient: konti lang doc. DOC: gaano
only from your memory, yung time of recall mo is faster.
kakonti ang konti? Patient: mga isang kaha. Kasi dati po 2 kaha.
Natandaan mo siya eh. Edi natandaan mo na yung sasabihin mo.
Doc, sobrang sakit po ng ulo ko, 10/10.penge po med cert. Sa
Pero when you use positive cognitive function, mas matagal ang
tingin ko pag 10/10 ang pain mo dapat nakahandusay ka na sa
sagot mo. Thereby increasing your response time. So what does
sahig. But they will say that to you. So its up to you. You should be
that say? That means that pagnagsisinungaling sayo yung BF mo
able to tell the truth from a lie. Ikaw ba naman na doctor
mas matagal siya sumagot. Pag niloloko ka ng BF mo hindi agad
nagpapaniwala ka sa lahat ng sinasabi ng patiente sayo.. You have
agad, inisip muna nya eh. That is a consequence, it’s a technique
to be able to differentiate.
that is written on your textbook. Its called a Dissociation test.
Understatement: Doc athlete po ako. DI naman masyado masakit
5 Primary forms of Deception tuhod ko-kahit may fracture na, bali na yung patella. Kaya ko pa
1. lies po magtraining. Common yan. I remember my patient. She was a
member of Taekwondo team. She really wanted to train but has a
Classic lie. The opposite of truth. Here are your ambiguous or
ruptured tibia which has to be operated on. Tapos makikipag
contradictory statement.
negotiate pa sayo. Tapos makikita mo the she stands. Laha tng
weight niya nasa kabilang side ng katawan. Eventually maffracture
2. Equivocations
din sa kabila of the sustained pressure. So wag kayo basta basta
 Indirect, ambiguous or contradictory statements naniniwala.

You don’t answer the question. But you’re not telling lying per se,
you are just unresponsive to the question.

What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous? Page 1 of 9

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I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.
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 Quid Refert, Dummodo non Desinas, Tardius Ire
LEGAL
MEDICINE
Motivation for Deception
Interpersonal Deception Theory
1. Instrumental
 Avoidance of punishment/resource protection
Eto yung ayaw makulong, kung gusto mo makeep yung ninakaw
mo, so you lie.
2, Relational
 Maintenance of bonds
To keep your GF/BF. So kahit gusto mo na siyang patayin dun sa
ginawa niya (hindi, ok lng yan). Or the opposite. You really really
wanted to break up with your BF, so kahit gaano katagal siya
magtext sayo, you make a big deal out of something.
3. Identity
 To preserve face/ self image
You try to preserve yung status mo. So, you lie because for
example sinabi mo , mga kamag-anak mo sa province, “Ay ako po
ay doctor na”. pero yung totoo di ka pumasa sa boards. Pero ang
rationalization mo din a nag board kasi naawardan naman.
Types of Deceptive Personality
1. Bad liars
People who are having a hard time. These are people who even
without the techniques that we will teach you will-alam mo nang
nagsisinungaling sayo. Ung hindi na siya mapakal sa upuan. May
mga obvious na sign.
2. Natural liars
 Identified by Dr. P Eckman
No greater increase in lying potential. Hindi sila mas madalas mag
lie. They have no moral compunction in life. They just know that
they can get away with it, even though they don’t.
3. Practical liars
 Years of practice have worn away guilt liars
They know that they have a hard time getting away with it. But
over the years, in many years of practice of lying, nawawala na
yung guilt signs. Hindi na niya nahahalata
What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous?
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.

Deception Detection
Dr. Lising
Example: A pedophile. Many years ago..sa kanyang belief he was
not molesting, an 8 yrs old girl that he had sex with. In his belief,
he was educating the 8 yr old. Ganun sia magisip. Hindi ko naman
siya sinasaktan e. Hindi ko yan nirape. When the psychiatrist dug
deeper, that in this man the girl wanted him to have sex with her.
So that’s a pedophile. The girl was not abused. To him he was
helping the girl. Kakaiba yung pagiisip niya.
Uses rationalization e.g Pedophile
4. Psychopathic liars
What they did is the reality. They have no guilt signs at all. In fact
they are even charming. They have nice personality. Kaya ka
nilang utohin. Psychopath believes that yung reality niya should
be the one that is imposed to the world. So ibig sabihin, for
example: a psychopath decides to kill only Fatima graduates. He
believes that Fatima graduates are (devil?) so why do you think
when you ask them, “do you think what your doing is bad?”
answer: NO. He believes what he is doing is the right thing. That’s
why there are no guilt signs. Ganun yung thinking niya. The
reality of a psychopath is twisted such that it is very difficult to
detect them.
Deception Detection-continuation
 Detected at cognitive level
 Lying require deliberate effort
 Results to: (neuro-linguistic Programming)
o Disturbance
o Repeated words-trying to delay the
response time. Poor logical structure and
fear. Natatakot siya kasi baka mahuli siya.
o Less talking time
 Essential requirement for administration of justice
 Initially the task of the investigator
Why is it important that deception detection needs to be done?
Siyempre its an essential requirement for administration of
justice. Alangan naman na ung hindi guilty yun ang ikulong mo.
Siyempre kelangan malaman yung katotohanan before you
prosecute them. Hence it’s the initial task of the investigator.
Methods of Detection
 Devices which read the psycho-physiological response
 Use of drugs that try to inhibit the inhibitor
 Hypnotism
 By observation
 Scientific observation
 Confession
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I. Recording the Physiologic Response
 Based on flight or fight reflex of the autonomic
nervous system
 When a person is under stress, the sympathetic system
predominates
When you are stress, your body will respond particularly your
limbic system will respond with inner fight or flight form
response. And what is implied for a slight response, basically the
fight or flight response is an autonomic nervous system response
where in your sympathetic system predominates. For example,
your already clerks. From duty kayo. Umuwi kayo sa bahay ng
10:00. Habang naglalakad kayo, lets say you live in tampoy.
Pagdating mo sa may tampoy biglang may humarang sayo. Sinabi,
hold up to! What do think will happen to your body? What will be
your physiologic response?-increase HR, RR. Your body is trying to
oxygenate your blood so that you have enough fuel. Ano pa? –
increase BP. Pupillary dilatation. Why? Because youre trying to
increase visual acuity. To increase the maximum field of vision.
Ano pa? Sphincters will stop/close, and your sweat will increase.
Notice all of the following, are they measurable? Your BP, RR. So if
you can measure, that means that you can now create a system
where in somebody is having sympathetic response you can now
time up when that person is not in sympathetic response
Test which measure psycho-physiologic Response
 Use of a polygraph or a lie detector machine
 Use of the word association test
 Use of the psychological stress evaluation
A. Use of Polygraph or Lie detector
Works by measuring the HR, BP, RR and working on the
assumption that the fear of getting caught in a lie will increase
your sympathetic response. Bakit? Natatakot ka e. The polygraph
works like an ECG.
 Fear of subject in getting caught not telling the truth
allows for determination
 Like ECG
 Interview is recorded on a monitor
Requirement for polygraph exam
 The room must be sound proof
 Must be quiet
 Isolated
 Free of distraction/disturbance
What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous?
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.

Deception Detection
Dr. Lising
 Pneumograph - test for RR,PR
 Galvanometer – sweat test
 BP cuff - BP
 Pupillary response – most accurate, 10-15% error?
 When a person is under the influence of physical
(exertion) or emotional (anger, excitement, fear, lie
detector etc) stimuli, the sympathetic will dominate
and over-ride the parasympathetic, thus, there will be
changes in HR, PR, BP, respiratory tracing,
psychogalvanic reflexes, time of response to question,
voice tracing etc..The parasympathetic works to
restore things to normal when the conditions of stress
have been removed.
According to the journal I read, kaya mong dayain ang RR, BP, HR,
sweating-mas mababa. But pupillary response is the most
accurate. Mahirap controlin ang pupillary response.
How is test conducted?
 Subject is instructed to sit up straight
 Subject is instructed to look up straight ahead
 All questions are answered by either yes or no
Othello Error
 When the interviewer goes to an interview with an
accusatory attitude, the person is put on defensive
 Changes the baseline norm thus, affects the accuracy
of the test
For example: pinickup ko kayo sa daan. Nilagay ko kayo sa isang
kwarto. Sound proof. And then I asked you questions like this: do
you think you will be scared or not? Di ba nakakatakot yun?
When you are just put there, and then accused story
attitude(32:23), the person is totally defensive there by clouding
your interview.
Phases of Exam
1. Pre test Interrogation
 To determine whether there is history of hypertension,
psychological condition and the like
Kasi kung may high blood yan may blocker (antihypertensive
meds) yan. So you could adversely affect your test. Or the person
is not taking hypertensive meds do you think it is persistently
elevated? Kung psychopath pala yung kausap mo, ano ang
makukuha ng polygraph examination mo? You have also to
explain the purpose. And when we explain the purpose, you are
able to reassure the person. So kahit papaano hindi na siya ganun
kabado. And you have to determine any criminal record on the
subject. The common use of polygraph is not actually for criminal
interrogation. This is commonly used whenever you are applying
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for a position that has a security clearance. For example: national
security agencies. To determine whether the applicant has any
animosity towards the republic of the Philippines.
 To explain the purpose
 To develop test questions
 To relive stress and apprehension
 To determine any criminal record of the subject
2. Post test interview
 To clarify findings
 To obtain additional information
 To learn of there are any other reasons for the
subjects knowledge of the crime
A subject might know something about the crime, pero hindi
naman siya nagcommit ng crime. For example: you put them all in
the room. And then the other persons in the room know
something about the crime and they talk about it which is over
heard by the subject. Once its his turn to undergo the polygraph
exam, magpopositive siya sa polygraph kasi naoverheard it. So
that’s why you have to clarify for the subjects knowledge about
the crime.
3. Actual interrogation
 Irrelevant questions
o No bearing to the case under investigation
(Name, age, marital status, education etc)
 Relevant questions
o Pertains to the issue under investigation
Did you kill? Did you steal? Etc..
 Control questions
o Unrelated to the matter under investigation
but of a similar nature
For example: if you are talking about vehicular accident. Pwede ka
magtanong. Do you have any knowledge of a vehicular accident.
Dapat hindi yung specific. Halimbawa nangyari sa harap ng FUMC.
You just ask if may nangyare along mac Arthur hiway. Bakit? Once
the answer of that is put against the question wherein specific na
to Fatima, pwede ko i-overlap yung answer, ang titignan mo is
kung similar ba o hindi. Pag naoverlap mo yun makikita mo kung
positive or negative talaga.
 Probable lie questions
What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous?
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.

Deception Detection
Dr. Lising
Supplementary Test
 Peak of tension test
o The subject may be given this test if he is
not yet informed of the details of the
offense for which he is being interrogated
by the investigator.
o When the question which refers to a detail
of the incident is asked a guilty subject will
develop a peak of tension which will be
recorded in the tracing.
 Guilt complex test
o This test is applied when the response to
relevant and control questions are similar In
degree and consistency and in a way that
the examiner cannot determine whether
the subject is telling the truth or not
The subject knows why he is being asked, but equivocal. Di mo
masabi kung nag lie or hindi. So ask him about the similar incident
that had happened but not related to your impression control
question pero set. Di lang isa isa. Pag control question kasi isa isa
lang yan eh. Pag sets na siya-its guilt complex.
 Silent answer test
o Subject is instructed to answer the
questions silently without making any
verbal response
o This is effective when the subject’s verbal
response causes distortion in the tracing
such as sniff or clearing of the throat
In silent answer you have a speech integument. Ngo-ngo ka. So
ngayon pag nagsalita ka hindi maintindihan yung salita mo. Nag
peperforate, parang lumalabas. So what well do in order to
remove speech integument from the equation is to ask you not to
answer the question out loud. So please answer the questions in
your mind. And then that’s the time they can compare it. Kasi nga
because of the abnormality nagkakaroon ka ng something that
clouds result.
Reason for admissibility
 User/operator dependent
 No assurance of qualified examiner
 Opinion of the expert is the sole basis
 Violates right against self incrimination
 Error prone
In doing polygraph di siya feasible sa court bakit? Because
polygraph violates the right against self incrimination. User
dependent. Pano pag ang humawak sayo kalaban mo. Sasabihin
“in my opinion the subject is lying:. So there is no assurance of
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getting the examiner. Furthermore there is a 25% error prone. So
the newer machines are now less prone to 10-15% error prone.
Pero may error pa rin.
B. Word association Test
 Stimulus and non stimulus questions are asked
Stimulus question is like your relevant question and non stimulus
are like your irrelevant question. It doesn’t matter what your
answer is. Ang tinitignan mo dito is the response time. How fast
he can answer.
 Quickness of answering is an indicator of truthfulness
 The answer is unimportant
 The time interval between the words uttered by the
examiner and he answer of the subject is recorded
C. Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE)
 a.k.a “Voice analysis”
 measures in audible frequency modulation which
occur with the oscillations of the vocal cords called
microtremors in 8-14Hz range
 microtremors disappear when under stress
When you were still 14, napapansin nyo ba pag kausap niyo crush
niyo bigla kayong pumipiyok. The problem here is that, it works
the same way as psychological stress evaluator because of the
tension of your voice. Yung vocal cords mo is tensed. Thereby you
emit the high pitch voice. In our system we use microtremors. 8-
14-inaudible yan. When you are in stress, the microtremors
disappear because pag hindi ka stress yung vocal cords are loose.
So nagvivibrate naturally. Pag stress ka, the vocal cords are tense.
So microtremors disapper. The sudden disappearance of
microtremor is what you are looking for.
Advantage of PSE
 no attachment of sensors needed
 no restriction
 outside distraction need not be eliminated
II. Use of drugs that inhibit the inhibitor
 Truth serum
o Hyoscine bromide
Hyoscine bromide is given hypodermically in repeated doses until
a state of delirium is induced (may lead to heart attack). When the
proper point is reached, the questioning begins and the subject
feels a compulsion to answer the questions truthfully.
o Scopolamine – component of eye drop,and
usually you have to inject it as well. May
sometimes cause psychotic reactions
What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous?
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.

Deception Detection
Dr. Lising
When you use these 2 terms on any particular prisoner or
somebody in the job to interview dito kelangan idugtong. Bakit?
This two were put too much. Kasi they don’t know how to use
that. They inject and inject that drug into the patient subdermal,
subcutaneously until you reach the point of delirium. One the
subject is in delirium, din a niya macontrol yung sinasabi niya, and
so he will be amendable to questions. But the problem is this will
cause tachycardia. So kung masobrahan yung bigay mo it can
cause heart attack.
 Narcoanalysis/Narcosynthesis
o Sodium pentothal/sodium amytal
This is hypnotic. The first drug to give for acute sequence
induction. What is acute sequence induction?
In stages of anesthesia. Stage 1 and 2, if you put somebody in
stage 1 and 2, magwawala yan. Suntok suntok yan, magkakaroon
ng ballistic movements. So, ikaw yung anesthesiologist, ayaw mo
ng ganun. Eh kung maabutan kayo ng patiente.So because of that
they developed a new technique called acute/rapid sequence
induction. This works like this. First you give hypnotics. Patient
now falls asleep. And then you can give muscle relaxant. So
ngayon din a siya magwawala. Now, your free to intubate and
give the gas(halothane etc) and then it goes to stage 3 without
any ballistic movements. Kaya lang pagkabigay mo ng SODIUM
PENTOTHAL before falling into sleep, that patient will be
extremely susceptible to questions.
One time may stab wound yung patient. Ininduct naming siya ng
sodium pentothal. Pano kung nagkaroon ng problem, na
neutralize siya sa effect ng sodium pentothal. Nagtatanong kami
ng kung ano ano, true enough the patient being only suggested
only to answers. (chismis) the problem is, once they wake up they
remember kung ano ginawa mo.
It is claimed that the drug causes depression of the inhibitory
mechanism of the brain and the subject talks freely. Like the
administration of truth serum, the result of the test is not
admissible in court
o SP 117 “truth serum”
Hindi siya nakikita ngayon since the fall of soviet union. Sa ngayon
there are no samples. But for the journal of forensic science, kasi
when you do an analysis of serum, some of you compare it using a
GCMS (gas chromatogram mass spectrophotometer). Recently SP
117 suspected to have surfaced again in Libya. So we dont know
yet.
Rapid sequence induction
 Intoxication with alcohol
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In Philippines we like the traditional days.  Halimbawa inaresto
ka kagabi. Maya mayang gabi eh nasa kulungan ka aayain ka ng
mga BJMP (tagay) go-goodtripin ka nila. Edi inom. Eh syempre
ikaw ba naman prisoner ka dun tapos bigla kang lalasingin di ka ba
matatakot? Sa umpisa di ka masyado iinoom masyado. Tagay ka
konti konti lang. Eh maya maya mga lasing na yung iba. Sasabihin
sayo okay to, okay to, hindi pala to set up kasi lasing na yung mga
iba. So maeenganyo yan, kaya iinom na din hanggang sa malaing.
Ngayon, pwede bang sabihin sa court “your honor while drunk the
prisoner confessed to us that he was the one…”obviously hindi
siya pwede. so look for corroborative evidence. Ano ibig sabihin?
KAsi usually sasabihin niyan pag lucid yan wala akong kinalaman
jan, wala akong alam jan. Pero pag lasing nay an, mag kkwento
nay an lalo na pag mayabang. Pag kinuwento mo na un, hindi
namna gagamitin against him, you can now have crime scene.
That’s how Philippine police system works.
III. Hypnotism
 Alteration of consciousness and concentration
 Heightened state of suggestibility
Wala na siya sa wisho. So, pag ganun ang nangyayare sayo pwede
kang maging suggestible. It could be what we are asking for is
something that the one who is hypnotized assumed to be
suggested to him. Parang yun ang nangyare because of the
hypnotism not because it is what happened. So that’s why is it
very unreliable. Suggesting the miscibility the credibility of the
confession.
 Pseudoscience
 Inadmissible due to:
o Unreliability
o Suggestibility destroy the credibility of the
admission
o Hypnotized subject will deliberately
fabricate
o The fear that the Trier of fact will give
uncritical and absolute reliability to a
scientific device without consideration of its
flaw in ascertaining veracity
o State of the mind, skill and professionalism
of the examiner are too subjective
IV. Observation
Usually when you an interrogation, there is an interrogator and
yung isa, observer. The observer will be seated at the back and
you will be looking at these:
 Observes physiologic/psychological signs of guilt:
o Sweating
o Color change (flushing) – pale is a more
common sign of guilt
What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous?
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.

Deception Detection
Dr. Lising
o Dryness of the mouth – continuous
swallowing and licking o f lips or asking
water – sympathetic activity
o Excessive activity of adam’s apple
o Fidgeting – constantly moving
Of course hindi naman natin pwedeng sabihin you have to look at
the means totality kasi may mga tao talaga na hindi mapakali.
May mga taong hindi mo mapapatigil so yan ang exception to the
rule.
o Peculiar feeling inside - sensation of
lightness, subject is confused
o Swearing if the truthfulness of his assertion
o Spotless past record – “religious man”
o Inability to look at the investigator ‘straight
in the eye’
o “Not that I remember” expression
V. Scientific Interrogation
 Interrogation – questioning of a person suspected of
having committed an offense or a person who are
reluctant to make a full disclosure of information in his
possession which is pertinent to the investigation.
Interrogation is a person suspected of committing an offense and
it may be done not only on the suspect but also on the witness.
Technique of Investigation
 Emotional appeal to conscience
o Interrogator must create a mood that is
conducive to confession. He may be
sympathetic and friendly to the subject
Kunwari, drive of passion. Ung isang teenager na pokpok yung
kapatid niya dahil sa casserole kasi hindi siya pinahiram, sinaksak
niya. So yun, hindi mo na kelangan i-interrogate kasi habang
kakausapin mo lang siya nagkkwento na siya ng “dapat binigay na
lang niya saken “. Usually ginagamit mo lang to sa mga hindi
criminal. Syempre pag real criminal tulad ng kidnap for ransom,
mas matigas pa mga puso nun.
 Mutt and Jeff or good cop/bad cop
o There must be 2 investigators with opposite
characters. One who is arrogant (MUTT)and
one who is friendly (JEFF). When MUTT is
not present JEFF will advice the subject to
make a quick decision and plea for
cooperation.
What you’re actually doing is that your trying to induce a shorten
period of “Stockholm Syndrome”. For example: when a person is
kidnapped the person is able to relate to the flight of the
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kidnapper para maging friends sila and pag naging ganun, naaawa
na siya dun sa kidnapper. So there is emotional attachment.
“bad cop” will treat as a terroristic setup para mateterorrize yung
tao. “good cop” would come in and say maawa nalang tayo sa
kanya thereby creating a mini state of Stockholm, he will be more
susceptible to tell him the “good cop” what really happened. Kasi
nga there is already an emotional attachment.
 Bluff on split-pair technique
o Applicable in 2 or more persons. All of them
a interrogated separately.
o Interrogator may claim that the subject was
implicated by the author and that there is
no use for him to deny participation.
Works best if one is a dominant personality. The dominant
personality here is usually the weakest link. Yung matagal,
matalino, medyo matibay ang loob. Yun ang weakest link jan.
What do they do? They will interrogate them separately and they
will put the dominant personality on the last interrogation.
Eventually, the 1st or 2nd person will come out of the interrogation
room and they will not be allowed to talk to the dominant
personality. If the policeman/ interrogator show signs that he has
cooperated, okay yan halika dito-kahit na hindi siya nagcooperate.
The assumption of the dominant personality is that the cohort has
broken. Pero in reality, the less dominant never breaks. Usually
the dominant will give out the confession. Kasi nga iniisip niya
“naku po mahina tong taong to, mabuti pa unahan ko na”
“naunahan ko na, nadali ako”
 Stern approach
o Interrogator uses harsh language.
Immediate response from the subject is
demanded. You threaten the suspects.
 The subject is given the opportunity to make a lengthy
time consuming narration
o Making further statement for fear of
contradicting his previous statement
Habang nagkkwento ka, pabaon ng pabaon ang kwento mo kasi
the more na you are asked to make a story, it is a compulsion for
you to try to perfect the your story kaya lang that story, the more
details that you put in it, that is to corroborate .Kaya dapat pag
nag kkwento kayo, kelangan alam mo na lahat tapos konti lang
ung details.1:06:20
Statement Analysis
 All truthful statements come from memory
 Thus truthful persons usually uses a past tense when
recalling events from memory
 The use of the 1st person “I”
What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous?
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.

Deception Detection
Dr. Lising
If you notice, if you are telling something from memory, mabilis
ang kwento mo and most truthful persons uses the past tense pag
nagkkwento. Usually pag nagsisinungaling, nagsshift sila into
future tense. Tapos hindi na niya gagamitin ang “AKO” kundi
“KAMI, napunta na siya sa plural.
So, when somebody is truthful to you, usually you use the:
RULE OF THUMB: 1st person singular past tense
VI. Confession
 Defined in the rules of court as an expressed
acknowledgement by the accused of the truth of his
guilt
Inamin niya of his guilt. Before a subject can protest or an accused
can protest he must be confined with the following . Hindi pwede
sabihin mo lng “ako po talaga gumawa” it must be made in the
presence of a counsel. Bakit kelangan may counsel? The counsel is
there so that it could protect your rights. Kasi alam ng abogado
kung ano yung pwede at hindi pwedeng gawin. He’s there to
make sure that you are really cognizant of what you are admitting
to. Eh kung murder inadmit mo habang buhay ka nakakulong.
kelangan tanungin ka ng judge mabuti kung alam mo ba.
 Must comply with the ff. to be admissible:
o Must be made in presence of counsel
(lawyer)
o Must be expressly made and not implied
o A judge must make probing questions as to
the understanding of the accused of what
he is confessing to
Kinds of Confession
1. Extra judicial Confession – must be accompanied by evidence or
corpus delicti
Corpus delicti
 Body of a crime or fact of specific loss or injury
sustained.
Body of evidence. For example: wala na yung body pero na sayo
yung muder weapon, blood ng victim, fingerprint etc..
 May not be necessarily be body of crime but may
consist of facts and circumstances tending to
corroborate the confession
 The reason for the above rule is to guard against
conviction based upon false confession
Page 7 of 9
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 Quid Refert, Dummodo non Desinas, Tardius Ire
LEGAL
MEDICINE
A. Voluntary extra judicial confession
 The confession is voluntary when the accused speaks
of his free will and accord without inducement
B. Involuntary extra judicial confession
 Obtained through force, threat, intimidation, or
anything influencing the voluntary act of the confessor
2. Judicial Confession – made before a judge in a judicial
proceeding
Maltreatment of Prisoners
 Public officer/employee
 Has under his charge a convicted/detention prisoner
What is the difference between a convicted or detention
prisoner? Pag convicted, pang guilty na. Pag detention, accused ka
pa lang. So bakit may distinction? Pag convicted ka na, sa bilibid
ka na. So the people who are in charge of you are Bureau of
corrections. Pag detention prisoner ka, pupunta ka pa din sa
hearing so the people in charge of you are the Bureau of jail
management and Penology (BJMP).
 Maltreats the prisoner
o Overdoing on handling the prisoner –
nasobrahan.
o Maltreatment of a prisoner to extort a
confession/obtain some information from
the prisoner
For example: you are accused of a bank robbery where in you
stole 1B pesos. Syempre hindi nahanap yung pera. The people
would like to extract that information to you. Kaya lang there is a
weakess in this particular law. Eh pano pag ka fellow prisoner
tortures you, eh di wala na. Hindi naman BJMP officials e, hindi
naman bureau of Corrections. Pano pag yung may hire some
person to extract the information from you, hence they came up
with:
R.A. 9745 or Anti torture act of 2009
 Any person who actually participated or induced
another in the commission of torture
 Any superior military , police or law enforcement
 Immediate commanding officer of the unit
 Shall have led, assisted, abetted or allowed whether
directly or indirectly
What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous?
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.

Deception Detection
Dr. Lising
A. Physical Torture
 Form of treatment or punishment inflicted by a person
in authority upon another in his/her custody that
causes severe pain, exhaustion, disability, or
dysfunction of one or more parts of the body such as:
o Systematic beating, head banging,
punching, kicking, striking with truncheon
of rifle but or other objects and jumping in
stomach
o Food deprivation or forcible feeding with
spoiled food, animal or human excreta and
other stuff or substances not normally
eaten
o Electric shock
o Cigarette burning, burning by electrically
heated rods, hot oil, acids or spices directly
on the wounds
o Submersion of the head in water or water
polluted with excrement, urine, vomit and
or blood until the brink suffocation –
martial law torture technique/ “the wet and
dry submarine”
o Being tied or forced to assume fixed and
stressful bodily position – nakayuko ka lang.
di ka nakatayo or nakaupo.
o Rape and sexual abuse including the
insertion of foreign objects into the sex
organ or rectum or electrical torture of the
genitals
o Mutilation or amputation of essentials parts
of the body such as genitalia, ear, tongue
o Dental torture or the forced extraction of
the teeth
o Pulling of fingernails
o Harmful exposure to elements such as
sunlight and extreme cold
o Use of plastic bag or other materials to
cover the head to the point of asphyxia.
This is the counter part of dry submarine
o Psychoactive drug – injection of formic acid
in the subcutaneous
This is not included in the list. Water boarding. There is a rag that
is placed over the head and water is poured over the rag. Dahil
kana trendelenberg siya, the water will not enter the lungs the
person will not drown. What is the purpose? Kasi your head is full
of sinuses. The sinuses are supposed to be air filled. If they are
filled with water, your brain reacts to it as if you are drowning. So
you can induce the fear of drowning. Purpose? This was
developed because it does not give any signs of that person was
drowning. No congestion of lungs…
Page 8 of 9
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 Quid Refert, Dummodo non Desinas, Tardius Ire

LEGAL Deception Detection

MEDICINE Dr. Lising

B. Mental/Psychological torture
o Blindfolding
o Threatening a person or his/her relatives
with bodily harm, execution or other
wrongful acts
o Confinement in solitary cells or secret
detention places
o Prolonged interrogation
o Preparing a prisoner for a show trial public
display or public humiliation of a detainee
or prisoner
o Causing a unscheduled transfer of a
prisoner
o Maltreating
o Torture sessions witnessed by family
o Denial of sleep and rest
o Shame infliction (striping naked, parading
him/her in public places)
o Deliberately prohibiting the victim to
communicate with any member of his/her
family
o Other analogous acts of mental psych
torture
1:28 You are gathered from a place that has
no jurisdiction over you and then you were
put on a place who has jurisdiction.
Basically para kang, your hiding in the PHIL.
The phil. Has no jurisdiction over you the
Indonesians kidnapped you and bring you
back in Indonesia-stand trial

END

What do I do when I see someone extremely gorgeous? Page 9 of 9

LJ
I stare, I smile and when I get tired…I put the mirror down.
