AS Biology 9700

Topic: Microscopy & Cell Structure

The Concept Squad

+92-332-7880880

Time Allowed: 43 Min

Marks Percentage
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40 100
1 What is not a limitation of an electron microscope?

A Electrons do not travel far in air so the whole system must be in a vacuum.
B The electron beam cannot penetrate far into biological material.
C The typical specimen viewed in a vacuum must be dehydrated.
D There is an increase in resolution and magnification compared with the light microscope.
2 The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a cell from a dicotyledonous leaf.

5 µm

What is the magnification?

A × 280 B × 2800 C × 3570 D × 7000

3 Which eyepiece and objective lens combination of a light microscope enables you to see the
greatest number of cells in the field of view?

eyepiece lens objective lens

A ×5 ×10
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B ×5 ×40
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C ×10 ×10
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D ×10 ×40
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4 Plant cells are fixed, stained and viewed through a light microscope.

What would be clearly visible at x400 magnification?

A cristae of mitochondria
B grana of chloroplasts
C nucleoli
D ribosomes
5 The diagram shows an organelle drawn at a magnification of ×20 000.

What is the maximum length of the organelle?

A 3 × 10–1 µm B 3 × 100 µm C 3 × 101 µm D 3 × 102 µm

6 The diagram shows a stage micrometer on which the small divisions are 0.1 mm. It is viewed
through an eyepiece containing a graticule.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

The stage micrometer is replaced by a slide of a plant cell.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

What is the length of the nucleus?

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A 0.8 mm B 8 µm C 25 µm D 200 µm
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7 Which combination is found in a prokaryotic cell?

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key
endoplasmic
DNA RNA nucleus ✓ present
reticulum
✗ absent
A ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗

B ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓

C ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗

D ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓

8 Which structures are found in both typical eukaryotic cells and typical prokaryotic cells?

1 70S ribsomes
2 80S ribosomes
3 circular DNA

A 1, 2 and 13, B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 only

9 The statements are all descriptions of cell structures.

1 surrounded by a single membrane and enclosing a large fluid-filled space

2 surrounded by a single membrane and enclosing inactivated enzymes
3 formed by two membranes enclosing a matrix, the inner membrane is folded
4 formed by a membrane that has flattened sacs and tubular structures
inter-connected throughout the cell
5 formed of nucleic acid and protein attached to membranes or free in the cytoplasm

Which row shows the typical cell in which these cell structures are found?

plant cell animal cell

A 1, 2, 3 and 4 1, 2, 3 and 5
B 1, 3, 4 and 5 2, 3, 4 and 5
C 2, 4 and 5 1, 4 and 5
D 3, 4 and 5 only 2, 3 and 5 only

10 Which statements about a typical eukaryotic cell are correct?

1 It is smaller than 2 µm.

2 It has a nucleolus.
3 It has linear DNA.
4 It only has small (70S) ribosomes.

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 4 only C 2 and 3 only D 3 and 4 only

11 The diagram is a drawing from an electron micrograph of a cell.
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Which structure indicates that this is a secretory cell?

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A
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12 The graticule and stage micrometer are used to measure cells.

Which is the correct reason why the graticule calibrated?

A The graticule can be used to make measurements.

B The graticule is magnified by the objective lens.
C The graticule magnifies the specimen.
D The graticule makes comparisons.
1 Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that kills about three million people worldwide
each year.

Fig. 4.1 is a transmission electron micrograph of the organism that causes tuberculosis.

X
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Fig. 4.1
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(b) (i) The actual length of the cell between X and Y in Fig. 3.1 is 2 µm.
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Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.

magnification × .......................... [2]

(ii) The organism that causes tuberculosis is a prokaryote. State three features of
prokaryotes.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................

3. ........................................................................................................................... [3]
2 Fig. 2.1 is a section of an alveolus and surrounding tissue.

X Y

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magnification × 3 500
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Fig. 2.1

(a) Calculate the actual diameter of the alveolus along the line X–Y.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest micrometre.

Answer = .......................................... µm [2]

3 All living organisms are divided into five kingdoms.

The table below lists some features possessed by living organisms and some processes that
they carry out.

Place a tick or a cross in the table to indicate the presence or absence of the feature or
process in any or all members of the kingdom.

The first row has been done for you.

kingdom
feature or
process
Prokaryotae Protoctista Fungi Plantae Animalia

80s ribosomes ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓

cell walls
contain chitin

circular
DNA

endoplasmic
reticulum

most species
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unicellular
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autotrophic
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heterotrophic
[6]

[Total: 6]
4 Vibrio cholerae is a prokaryotic organism.

Fig. 1.1 shows the structure of a cell of V. cholerae.

capsule A B C D
E

F
G

3.0 +m

Fig. 1.1

(a) Calculate the magnification of Fig. 1.1.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.

magnification × ..................... [2]

(b) Locate the structures in Fig. 1.1 that apply to each of the features shown in Table 1.1.
Complete Table 1.1 by writing the appropriate letter and the name of the structure.
You must only give one letter in each case. You may use each letter once, more than once or
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not at all. The first answer has been completed for you.
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Table 1.1
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feature identity name

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provides motility F flagellum

stores genetic information

partially permeable

composed of murein (peptidoglycan)

site of translation
[4]
(c) State three structural features that are present in a mesophyll cell in a leaf that are not
present in a prokaryotic cell such as that of V. cholerae.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................

3. ..............................................................................................................................................
[3]
3 Fig. 2.1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a plasma cell. Plasma cells are
antibody-secreting cells that are formed from B-lymphocytes.

C
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Fig. 2.1
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(a) Complete Table 2.1 to:

Th

• name in full, structures A, B and C

• outline how each structure functions to contribute to the specific role of the
plasma cell.

Table 2.1

structure name of structure function of structure within plasma cell

[6]