‫‪Lecture No.

: 5‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الخامسة‬ ‫‪1‬‬

Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
2
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2

2
L
wL
3
12
Solution Steps :
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 4
Solution Steps :
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
5
3
Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment

‫مرحلة تمهيدية‬

6
Solution Steps :
Table :
Fixed End Moment ‫مرحلة‬
Distribution Moment ‫أولية‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬

Carry Over Moment ‫مرحلة‬

Distribution Moment ‫متكررة‬
7
 Solution Steps :
Table :
DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal 8
 Solution Steps :
Frames

Without Sway With Sway

Symmetry With Support

9
Solution Steps :

2 t/m

B 4I C
8t 8 t6
6 I I
A D
12

10
Solution Steps :

Take it
In first DM
only

11
Solution Steps :

12
Advanced Example
in beams

13
Beams with settlement
Fixed End Moment

14
Using 3M equation method


A B
Apply 3M eqn. at A :
L L 
0 + 2 MA (0 + ) + MB ( ) = 6
EI EI L
6EI 
2 MA + MB =
L2
15
 

A B
Apply 3M eqn. at B :
L L 
MA ( ) + 2 MB (0 + EI ) + 0 = 6
EI L
-6EI 
MA + 2 MB =
L2
16
 6EI 
2 MA + MB =
L2
-6EI 
MA + 2 MB =
L2
By addition
MA + MB = 0
MA = - MB

6EI  -6EI 
MA = MB =
L2 L2
17
 6EI  -6EI 
MA = MB =
L2 L2 
A B

6EI 
L2
_

+
6EI 
L2
18
19
Example 16 : EI=4800 t.m2
Draw B.M.D for the shown beam
A C
B
I 6 2I 8
FEM : 2 cm

6x4800x0.02 6EI  6x2x4800x0.02

62 L2 82
-16 18 20
 A C
B
I 6 2I 8
RS :
K AB : K BC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3 21
 A C
B
I 6 2I 8
DF : K AB : K BC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6

22
 A B C

0.4 0.6 +2
DF
FEM - 16 -16 +18 +18
DM 0 - 0.8 - 1.2 0
COM -0.4 0 0 -0.6
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal -16.4 -16.8 16.8 17.4

16.4 16.8 16.8 17.4

23
16.4 17.4

16.8

24
 Frames
with Sway

25
Example 17 :
Draw B.M.D & N.F.D and S.F.D for the shown frame

2 t/m

B 2I C
8t
6 I I

A D
12
26
 2 t/m

B C
8t
6

A D
FEM : 12

PL 8 6
MFAB = = tm 6 - = M FBA = 6 tm
8 8
2
w L 2  12 2
MFBC = 12 = tm 24 - =
12
MFCB tm 24 = 27
RS : B 2I C

K AB : K BC : K CD 6 I I
1 : 2 : 1 A D
6 12 6 12
1 : 1 : 1
DF :
DFBA : DFBC DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1 1 : 1
2 2 2 2
28
 8t
A B 2 t/m C D

I 2I I
6 12 6

DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

FEM - 6 +6 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +9 +9 -12 -12 0
COM +4.5 0 -6 +4.5 0 -6
DM 0 +3 +3 -2.25 -2.25 0
COM +1.5 0 -1.13 +1.5 0 -1.13
DM 0 +0.57 +0.56 -0.75 -0.75 0
29
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
FEM -6 +6 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +9 +9 -12 -12 0
COM +4.5 0 -6 +4.5 0 -6
DM 0 +3 +3 -2.25 -2.25 0
COM +1.5 0 -1.13 +1.5 0 -1.13
DM 0 +0.57 +0.56 -0.75 -0.75 0
COM +0.28 0 -0.38 +0.28 0 -0.38
DM 0 +0.19 +0.19 -0.14 -0.14 0
MFinal +0.28 +18.76 -18.76 +15.14 -15.14 -7.51

30
MFinal +0.28 +18.76 -18.76 +15.14 -15.14 -7.51
18.76
15.14

18.76 15.14

0.28 7.51

31
Free Body Diagram 24 t
18.76 2 t/m 15.14

12+? t 12-? t
18.76
4t 7.17 t 15.14
19.04/6 3.78 t
3.17

8t
6

4t 3.78 t
19.04/6 0.83 t
7.51
0.28 12
32
Free Body Diagram

7.17 t 2 t/m 3.78 t

?t ?t
7.17 t Fx ≠ 0 3.78 t

8t

0.83 t 3.78 t

33
7.17 t 2 t/m 3.78 t

?t ?t
Fx ≠ 0
Reason
Sway do not included in the solution
Solution
Take Sway into consideration
Sway is unknown ?
34
Solution Stages
2 t/m Ro
First Stage B C
8t

A Mo D


R1
Second Stage B C

A M1 D
35
 Sway Moment Reaction
First Stage 0 Mo Ro

 M1 R1

 2 M1 2 R1
 3 M1 3 R1
Second Stage
....

....

....
  M1  R1

Final Stage  Mo  M1 Ro  R1

36
 Sway Moment Reaction
Final Case  Mo  M1 Ro  R1

=MFinal Mo M1 RFinal 0 =

No support
In original structure
Ro
=MFinal Mo M1 Ro  R1 = 0
R1
Ro = R1
Ro
 =
R1 37
Return to our problem

38
First Stage :

7.17 t 2 t/m 3.78 t

?t ?t

7.17 t
Fx ≠ 0
3.78 t
8t

0.83 t 3.78 t
39
 2 t/m
7.17 t Ro

3.78 t
Fx = 0
7.17 - 3.78 - Ro = 0

Ro = 3.39

40
 
Second Stage :

B C

FEM : A D

B 2I C
6 I I
A D 6EI 
12
L2
6EI 
62
41
EI is unknown 6EI 
 is unknown L2
Assume : 6EI 
EI  = 60 62
6 x 60
= 10
62
M FAB tm 10 - = M FBA tm 10 - =
M FCD tm 10 - = M FDC tm 10 - =

42
 Second Stage can be solved as previous

DF 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

FEM - 10 - 10 0 0 - 10 - 10
DM

43
Or

B C

A D

solved as anti-symmetry problem

44
RS : B 2I C

K AB : K BC 6 I I
1 3 x 2
: A D
6 2 12 12
2 : 3
DF :
DFBA : DFBC
2 : 3
5 5
45
 A B C D

DF 0.4 0.6
FEM - 10 -100
DM 0 +4 +6
COM +2 00
DM 0 00
MFinal -8 -6 +6 +6 -6 -8

46
MFinal - 8 -6 +6 +6 -6 -8

6 6

8
M1 8

47
Free Body Diagram
14/6
14/6

R1
6 6
14/6 14/6

14/6 14/6

8 8
12 48
 14/6
14/6

R1

Fx = 0
14/6 + 14/6 - R1 = 0

R1 =
14/3

49
 Ro
Ro = 3.39

R1
R1 =
14 / 3
RFinal = Ro  R1 = 0
Ro = R1
Ro 3.39
 = = = 0.726
R1 14 / 3

=MFinal Mo M1

50
 =MFinal Mo M1 18.76 15.14

18.76
- 15.14
-18.76+.726x6 -
-
14.40 - 19.50 -
-15.14+.726x-6

+0.28 Mo
+
7.51
6
6 - 6
+ -
6

+7.51+.726x+8 - +
13.32 M1
726x-8.+28.+ 8 8
5.53 - 51
 14.40 - 19.50 -

5.53 - 13.32
19.50
14.40

19.50
14.40

5.53 13.32
52
 16.95 19.50
14.40

36
- - 19.50
14.40
- -
+
12
2.03
9.97
+ 19.05

- +
2 t/m 5.53 13.32

B C
8t
6
A D 53
12
Free Body Diagram 14.40 - 19.50 -

5.53 - 13.32
14.40 2 t/m 19.50

14.40 19.50
4t 8.87/6 5.48 t
32.82/6
1.47
5.47 t
6 8t 5.48 t

4t 8.87/6
2.52 t 32.82/6

5.53 12 13.32 54
 24 t
14.40 2 t/m 19.50

12 t 12 t

5.1/12 t 5.1/12 t 0.425 t

11.575 t 12.425 t

55
 24 t
2 t/m
5.48 t 5.48 t

11.575 t 12.425 t
12.425 t
11.575 t
5.48 t
5.48 t

8t

2.52 t 5.48 t

56
 24 t
5.48 t 2 t/m 5.48 t

11.575 t 11.575 t 12.425 t 12.425 t

5.48 t
11.575 8t 5.48 t

2.52 t 5.48 t
+
- - 5.48

5.48 12.425 +
+
2.52 SFD 57
 24 t
5.48 t 2 t/m 5.48 t

11.575 t 11.575 t 12.425 t 12.425 t

5.48 t 5.48 t
8t

2.52 t 5.48 t

-
5.48

- 11.575 12.425 -

NFD 58
Example 18 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame
16 t

B 2I C

6 I 2I

A D
3 12
59
First Stage :

16 t

B C
6

A D
3 12

60
 16 t
FEM :
B C
6

3 D
12
A

B 16 t C
16 x 3 x 9 2 16 x 9 x 32
122 122
27 - 3 9 +9

MFBC= -27 tm MFCB tm 9+ = 61

RS : B 2I C

K AB : K BC : K CD 6 I 2I
1 : 2 : 3x2 A D
6 12 4 6 12
2 : 2 : 3
DF :
DFBA : DFBC DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1 2 : 3
2 2 5 5
62
 8t
A B 2 t/m C D

I 2I 2I
6 12 6

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM 0 0 -27 +9 0 0
DM 0 +13.5 +13.5 -3.6 -5.4 0
COM +6.75 0 - 1.8 +6.75 0 0
DM 0 +0.9 +0.9 -2.7 -4.05 0
COM +0.45 0 -1.35 +0.45 0 0
DM 0 +0.67 +0.68 -0.18 -0.27 0
63
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM 0 0 -27 +9 0 0
DM 0 +13.5 +13.5 -3.6 -5.4 0
COM +6.75 0 - 1.8 +6.75 0 0
DM 0 +0.9 +0.9 -2.7 -4.05 0
COM +0.45 0 -1.35 +0.45 0 0
DM 0 +0.67 +0.68 -0.18 -0.27 0
COM +0.34 0 -0.09 +0.34 0 0
DM 0 +0.04 +0.05 -0.14 -0.20 0
MFinal +7.54 +15.11 -15.11 +9.92 -9.92 0

64
MFinal +7.54 +15.11 -15.11 +9.92 -9.92 0
15.11
9.92

15.11 9.92

7.54

65
Free Body Diagram
15.11 9.92

15.11
9.92
22.65/6
9.92/6
3.78
1.65 t

22.65/6
9.92/6
7.54 12
66
First Stage :

3.78 t 1.65 t

?t ?t

3.78 t
1.65 t

3.78 t 1.65 t
67
3.78 t Ro

1.65 t
Fx = 0
3.78 - 1.65 - Ro = 0

Ro = 2.13

68
 
Second Stage :

B C

FEM : A D

B 2I C
6 I I
A D 6EI 
12 L2
6EI 
62
69
EI is unknown 6EI 
 is unknown L2
Assume : 6EI 
EI  = 60 62
6 x 60
= 10
62
M FAB tm 10 - = M FBA tm 10 - =
M FCD tm 10 - = M FDC tm 10 - =

70
 A B C D

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM -10 -10 0 0 -10 -10
+5 +10
FEM -10 -10 0 0 -5 0
DM 0 +5 +5 +2 +3 0
COM +2.5 0 +1 +2.5 0 0
DM 0 -0.5 -0.5 -1 -1.5 0
COM -0.25 0 -0.5 -0.25 0 0
DM 0 +0.25 +0.25 +0.1 +0.15 0
71
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM -10 -10 0 0 -5 0
DM 0 +5 +5 +2 +3 0
COM +2.5 0 +1 +2.5 0 0
DM 0 -0.5 -0.5 -1 -1.5 0
COM -0.25 0 -0.5 -0.25 0 0
DM 0 +0.25 +0.25 +0.1 +0.15 0
COM +0.13 0 +0.05 +0.13 0 0
DM 0 -0.02 -0.03 -0.05 -0.08 0
MFinal- 7.62 - 5.27 5.27 +3.43 - 3.43 0

72
MFinal - 7.62 - 5.27 5.27 +3.43 - 3.43 0

3.43

5.27 3.43

5.27

M1
7.62
73
Free Body Diagram
3.43/6
12.89/6

R1
5.27 3.43
12.89/6 3.43/6

12.89/6 3.43/6

7.62 12 74
 3.43/6
12.89/6

R1

Fx = 0
12.89/6 + 3.43/6 - R1 = 0

R1 =
2.72

75
 Ro
Ro = 2.13

R1
R1 =
2.72
RFinal = Ro  R1 = 0
Ro = R1
Ro 2.13
 = = = 0.783
R1 2.72

=MFinal Mo M1

76
 =MFinal Mo M1 15.11
9.92
15.11 - 9.92
-15.11+.783x5.27
- -
10.98 - 12.61 -
-9.92+.783x-3.43
+ 7.54
Mo
3.43
5.27
- 3.43

5.27 + -

-
7.62
M1
+7.54+.783x-7.62
1.57+ 77
 10.98 - 12.61 -

1.57+
12.61
10.98

12.61
10.98

1.57
78
 12.61
10.98

10.98
? 12.61

16 t

1.57
B C
6

3 D
A
12
79
 16 t
B C

3 9

12.61
11.39
10.98 1.63
1.63/4=0.41

16 x 3 x 9
= 36
12

24.61

80
 11.39 12.61
10.98

- - 12.61
10.98
+
- -
24.61

+
1.57
BMD
81
Example 19 :
Draw B.M.D for the shown frame
16 t
4t
B 2I C
6
I 2I
8
A
D
12
82
First Stage :

4t 16 t
B C
6
8
A
D
12

83
FEM : 4t 16 t
B C
6 8
P A
D
12
L
PL
8
P L 16 x 12
MFBC = = = - 24 tm
8 8
MFCB = 24 tm
84
RS :
B 2I C
K AB : K BC : K CD 6 I
2I 8
A
1 : 2 : 2 D
12
6 12 8
2 : 2 : 3
DF :
DFBA : DFBC DFCB : DFCD
1 : 1 2 : 3
2 2 5 5
85
 A B C D
I 2I 2I
6 12 8

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM 0 0 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +12 +12 -9.6 -14.4 0
COM +6 0 - 4.8 +6 0 -7.2
DM 0 +2.4 +2.4 -2.4 -3.6 0
COM +1.2 0 -1.2 +1.2 0 -1.8
DM 0 +0.6 +0.6 -0.48 -0.72 0

86
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM 0 0 -24 +24 0 0
DM 0 +12 +12 -9.6 -14.4 0
COM +6 0 - 4.8 +6 0 -7.2
DM 0 +2.4 +2.4 -2.4 -3.6 0
COM +1.2 0 -1.2 +1.2 0 -1.8
DM 0 +0.6 +0.6 -0.48 -0.72 0
COM +0.3 0 -0.24 +0.3 0 -0.36
DM 0 +0.12 +0.12 -0.12 -0.18 0
MFinal +7.5 +15.12 -15.12 +18.9 -18.9 9.36

87
MFinal +7.5 +15.12 -15.12 +18.9 -18.9 9.36

18.9
15.12

15.12 18.9

7.5

9.36
88
Free Body Diagram
15.12 18.9

15.12 18.9
22.62/6 28.26/8
3.53 t
3.77

8
6
22.62/6

28.86/8
7.5
12 9.36 89
 4t 16 t
First Stage :
B C

A
D
4t
3.53 t
3.77 t
?t ?t
3.77 t
3.53 t

3.77 t 3.53 t 90
 4t Ro

3.77 t
3.53 t
Fx = 0
3.77 - 3.53 - 4 - Ro = 0

Ro = -3.76

91
 
Second Stage :

B C

A
FEM : D

B 2I C
6 I
8 6EI 
A 2I
D L2
12
6x2EI 
82
6EI 
92
62
EI is unknown 6EI 
 is unknown L2
Assume :
EI  = 48
6EI  6x2EI 
62 82
6 x 48 12 x 48
= 8 = 9
62 82

M FAB tm 8 - = M FBA tm 8 - =
M FCD tm 9 - = M FDC tm 9 - = 93
 A B C D

DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6

FEM - 8 -8 0 0 -9 -9
DM 0 +4 +4 +3.6 +5.4 0
COM +2 0 +1.8 +2 0 +2.7
DM 0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 0
COM -0.45 0 -0.4 -0.45 0 -0.6
DM 0 +0.2 +0.2 +0.18 +0.27 0

94
 DF 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6
FEM - 8 -8 0 0 -9 -9
DM 0 +4 +4 +3.6 +5.4 0
COM +2 0 +1.8 +2 0 +2.7
DM 0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 0
COM -0.45 0 -0.4 -0.45 0 -0.6
DM 0 +0.2 +0.2 +0.18 +0.27 0
COM +0.1 0 +0.09 +0.1 0 +0.14
DM 0 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.06 0
MFinal- 6.35 - 4.75 4.75 +4.59 - 4.59 -6.76

95
MFinal - 6.35 - 4.75 4.75 +4.59 - 4.59 -6.76

4.59

4.75 4.59

4.75

6.35 M1
6.76
96
 4.75 4.59
4.59
Free Body Diagram 4.75

6.35 6.76
11.35/8
11.1/6

R1
4.75
11.1/6 11.35/8
4.59

11.1/6 11.35/8

97
6.35 6.76
 11.35/8
11.1/6

R1

Fx = 0
11.1/6 + 11.35/8 - R1 = 0

R1 =
3.27

98
 Ro
Ro = 3.76

R1
R1 = 3.27

RFinal = Ro  R1 = 0
Ro = R1
- Ro -3.76
 = = =-1.15
R1 3.27
=MFinal Mo M1

99
 =MFinal Mo M1 15.12
18.9

15.12 - 18.9
-15.12-1.15x4.75
- -
20.58 - 13.62 - Mo
-18.9-1.15x-4.59 + 7.5
9.36 +

4.59
4.75 - 4.59
+ -
4.75

+9.36-1.15x+6.76 - M1
+
+7.5-1.15x-6.35 1.83 6.35 6.76
14.8+ 100
 20.58 - 13.62 -

14.8+ 1.83+
20.58
13.62

20.58 13.62

14.8
1.83 101
 20.58 17.1
13.62

20.58 48 - 13.62

-
+

+ 30.9

14.8
16 t
4t 1.83

B C BMD
6 8
A
D
12 102
Advanced Idea

103
Beams with springs

First Stage :

104
First Stage :

Ro
Second Stage :

cm 1

R1 105
 Settlement Moment Reaction
First Stage 0 Mo Ro

1 cm M1 R1
2 cm 2 M1 2 R1
3 cm 3 M1 3 R1
Second Stage
....

....

....
 cm  M1  R1

Final Stage  cm Mo  M1 Ro  R1

106
 Settlement Moment Reaction
Final Stage  cm Mo  M1 Ro  R1

F=K

Ro+  R1 = K

=MFinal Mo M1
107
Beams with Intermediate Hinge

Determinate Part Indeterminate Part

Determinate Part

Determinate Part
108
Indeterminate Part

Indeterminate Parts

109
Solution Steps :

Mo

Ro

M1


R1

110
 Settlement Moment Reaction
First Stage 0 Mo Ro

 M1 R1

 2 M1 2 R1
 3 M1 3 R1
Second Stage ....

....

....
  M1  R1

Final Stage  Mo  M1 Ro  R1

111
 Sway Moment Reaction
Final Case  Mo  M1 Ro  R1

=MFinal Mo M1 RFinal 0 =

No support
In original structure
Ro
=MFinal Mo M1 Ro  R1 = 0
R1
Ro = R1
Ro
 =
R1 112
Summary
Frames

Without Sway With Sway

Symmetry With Support

113
Summary
Frames With Sway

114
First Stage :

Mo

Ro

Fx = 0
115
 
Second Stage :

B C

M1 A D

R1

Fx = 0
116
 Sway Moment Reaction
Final Case Mo  M1 Ro  R1

=MFinal Mo M1 RFinal 0 =

No support
In original structure
Ro
=MFinal Mo M1 Ro  R1 = 0
R1
Ro = R1
Ro
 =
R1 117
Questions
118