FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y LENGUAS

MODERNAS

English Grammar
Unit 2
Week 8
Session 2 Consolidation: clauses and
phrases

Review grammar content on finite

Session and non-finite clauses as elements
outcome of phrases and in subordinate
function.

Session Analysis of sentences with finite

content and non-finite clauses in phrases
and as subordinate clauses.
PROFESSOR: Mg. Flor Mellado Rosales
 FORM

PHRASES CLAUSES

N. PH V. PH ADJ. PH FINITE NON-FINITE

ADV. PH PREP. PH
 SIMPLE SENTENCE COMPOUND SENTENCE COMPLEX SENTENCE

Single independent Two or more Single independent & a

clause Single independent Subordinate clause
clauses

Complete meaning Complete meaning

Complete meaning
Paratactic relationship Hypotactic relationship

Coordinators Subordinators

Paul studies English at home

Paul studies English at home and Paul studied hard for his exam
his sister studies English at school although he did not pass.
 FINITE
SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
NON-FINITE

Nominal Relative Adverbial Comparative Comment Verbless

I know that he is right

The man who came is Paul

I will stay if it is cold

He is shorter than his friend is

Everyone is, you know, tired

The man waiting for me is my brother
I will eat the apple if ripe

He studies hard to succeed in life

 A subordinate FINITE Subject + Verb
or dependent
clause -Ing
NON-FINITE
To -
Past participle
Introduced by a
subordinating
conjunction
(not always)
This combination of words will not form a complete
sentence. It will instead make a reader want additional
information to finish the thought, which is why it is called
dependent clause.
 Post-modify the noun in the noun phrase
They usually begin with a relative pronoun
They always follow the person, place, thing
they describe immediately after.
Usually introduced by a relative pronoun
which becomes a subordinating conjunction

Restrictive Non-restrictive SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

or defining or non-definign
Necessary Not necessary to
to convey
convey meaning (commas
meaning are used)
 A teacher who is patient succeeds with students.

The Nile river, which is in Egypt, is the largest in the world.

The city where I studied was flooded.

Mary is driving the car that I sold her.

I still do not understand the reason why everything failed.

Mary boarded a plane that was headed to Boston.

My brother visited Machupichu, which is located in Cuzco.

I gave my brother, who went to Paris, an interesting guide.

Summer is the time when people travel

He travelled the day when everything became a mess.

 THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Time Place Reason Purpose Result Condition Concession

As In order to So (that) If Though

After, as, Anywhere
Because Unless Although
As long as, Everywhere So as to
Given Even though
As soon as, Where So that
Since While
Before, Wherever
No sooner Whereas
than, since, Even if
Until, when,
While
After the class is over, the students will start the meeting.
I stopped watching television when my father arrived.
As soon as you finish your work, you will be able to visit your parents.

Although I got up early today, I got late to class.

Even if the teacher spoke loud, students have difficulty in hearing clear.

We are studying English so that we can travel to the USA

People work hard every day in order to make money.

If the rich shared their money, there would be happier people in the world.

I have not studied last night because I was tired.

Since you have finished your work, you can leave early today.

I can ask her to marry me wherever I want.

PARSE THE SENTENCES INTO PHRASES AND CLAUSES. Main Clause Subord. Clause

The Russian Model was spotted by a scout while selling vegetables at a

stall in her home.

If we took all the money we are spending on security, I would feel just
safe to take care of it.

Companies always made their applications reliable even though the

competition is hard.
If they do, couples then decide whether to have children or not.

In July 1989, Dr. Lap-chee and a team of scientists working at the hospital for
sick children in Toronto achieved a major breakthrough.

They may be right because the results of Tsui`s work have helped scientists
develop tests that identify carriers of the CF gene.

When I make you frown, I evoke in you a touch of worry; when you make me smile,
I feel happy.

You can become a better listener by being motivated and mindful in social

situations.
Her name comes before mine in the alphabet

He sort of skidded before he got there

When questioned, she denied being a member of

the group
While at college, he was a prominent member of the
dramatic society
Getting to know someone usually requires at least a little conversation. But a new

study suggests you can get a hint of an individual's personality through his or her

scent alone. Participants in the study assessed, with some degree of accuracy, how

outgoing, anxious or dominant people were after only taking a whiff of their

clothes. The study is the first to test whether personality traits can be discerned

through body odor. While the match-up between responses by the judges and the

judged were not perfect, they do suggest that, when forming a first impression,

we take into account a person's smell, as well as visual and audible cues to their

personality traits, the researchers said.

 EXERCISE: Identify the words underlined as linguistic units

The0 researchers found that1 users reacted2 most angrily3 to reports4 concerning “social problems
and5 diplomatic6 issues,” like a 2010 incident where7 a infected food additive was8 believed to cause a9
neurodegenerative10 disease or when an international shipping dispute prompted11 an eruption of
nationalist rage against12 Japan. In many cases, these13 flare-ups triggered a chain14 reaction of
anger15, with User A influencing Users B and C. The users, according to the study’s16 authors, passed
along17 these messages not only18 to “express their anger” but also to infuse a similar sense of outrage
among19 other20 members of their online community.

Word Word Word Word

0. Central determin. 6. 12. 18.
1. 7. 13. 19.
2. 8. 14. 20.
3. 9. 15.
4. 10. 16.
5. 11. 17.
 EXERCISE: Identify the phrase or clauses and its elements of the underlined units.

Identify the elements of the following phrases, finite or non-finite clauses:

1. A hand gesture that is popular is holding your index finger and thumb into a circle to
mean, "Okay".

2. Facial expressions are a very common way that we use to communicate every day.

3. Combined with the words we use, definitely, our voice can be very powerful indeed.

4. A loud, high-pitched voice can communicate nervousness or excitement.

5. It is really important to be careful when using certain common gestures.