Advanced Grammar &

Composition
  a category to which a word is assigned
in accordance with its syntactic
functions. In English the main parts of
Parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective,
Speech
determiner, verb, adverb, preposition,
conjunction, and interjection.
(Oxford Languages Dictionary)
  Nouns
 Pronouns
 Adjectives
Different  Verbs
Parts of  Adverbs
Speech
 Prepositions
 Conjunctions
 Interjections
  a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify
any of a class of people, places, or things
( common noun ), or to name a particular one
of these ( proper noun ).
 A noun is a word that names something, such
Nouns as a person, place, thing, or idea. In a sentence,
nouns can play the role of subject, direct
object, indirect object, subject complement,
object complement, appositive, or adjective.
 PERSON PLACE THING ANIMAL IDEA

BOB SCHOOL PHONE DOG LOVE

BABY LIBRARY BOOK COW FEAR

Example MOM CAFE TABLE SNAKE POWER

BROTHER ROOM PEN CAT STRENGTH

 Common Noun-is a word used to
name a general item.

Two types of
noun Proper Noun- which names a
specific living or nonliving thing,
place or idea
 COMMON NOUNS PROPER NOUNS

SCHOOL CRMC

CAR FERRARI

EXAMPLE MOVIE DEADPOOL

BISCUIT OREO

DAD DADDY/DAD
MICHEAL
1. STEVE LIVES IN
SYDNEY.
2. MARY USES PEN
AND PAPER TO
WRITE LETTERS.
 1. The dog chased the ball.
2. She drank a glass of water.
3. The sun shines brightly in the sky.
BOARDWORK
4. My sister plays the piano
beautifully.
5. I ate a delicious sandwich for
lunch.
  a word that can function by itself as a noun
phrase and that refers either to the participants
in the discourse (e.g., I, you ) or to someone or
something mentioned elsewhere in the
discourse (e.g., she, it, this ).
Pronouns  Pronouns make up a small subcategory of
nouns. The distinguishing characteristic of
pronouns is that they can be substituted for
other nouns.
 PERSONAL DEMONSTRATIVE INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS PRONOUNS PRONOUNS

I THIS HOW

WE THAT WHO

EXAMPLE HE THOSE WHAT

SHE THESE WHICH

 We might go hiking this
weekend.

Examples Mary is tired. She wants

to sleep.
He will finish the project
by tomorrow.
 1. He went to the store to buy groceries.
2. She is studying for her exams at the
library.
BOARDWORK 3. It is on the table.
4. They finished their homework early.
5. We are going to the movies tonight.
  a word or phrase naming an
attribute, added to or grammatically
related to a noun to modify or
describe it.
Adjectives  are words that describe the qualities
or states of being of nouns or
pronouns.
 COLO SIZE SHAP SMELL TAST SOUND TEXTU
R E E RE
BLACK TALL ROUND STINKY BITTER LOUD ROUGH

BLUE SMALL SQUARE FLOWERY SWEET QUITE SMOOTH

EXAMPLE PINK HUGE FLAT FRESH SPICY PLEASANT FLUFFY

RED SKINN BOXY MUSTY SOUR HARMONIOUS SLIMY

Y
 The little girl had a pink hat.
She wore a beautiful dress
Examples to the party.
He served a delicious meal
at the dinner party.
 1. The blue sky looks beautiful today.
2. The tall building stood out among the
others.
3. She baked a delicious cake for her
BOARDWORK birthday.
4. The happy children played in the park.
5. We saw a big elephant at the zoo
yesterday.
  a word used to describe an action, state, or
occurrence, and forming the main part of
the predicate of a sentence.
 Verbs tell you what the subject of a
Verbs sentence or clause is doing (or being).
Verbs are conjugated according to person,
number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, or
voice.
 Action Verb Helping Linking
Verb Verb
look might is

jump must are

EXAMPLE talk should were

swim is am

run are was

 She is studying for her
exams.
I work at a factory.
EXAMPLES Cheetahs can run incredibly
fast.
She is an architect.
 1. He reads books every evening before
bed.
2. He can swim very well.
3. The sky is blue.
BOARDWORK
4. It might rain later today.
5. They danced all night at the party.
6. The students in the classroom are
attentive.
  a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an
adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group,
expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance,
manner, cause, degree, etc.
 An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb
Adverbs (he sings loudly), an adjective (very tall), another
adverb (ended too quickly), or even a whole sentence
(Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella). Adverbs
often end in -ly, but some (such as fast) look exactly
the same as their adjective counterparts.
  1. Ben practiced soccer frequently.
 2. Amanda’s father sang the song
loudly.
EXAMPLE  3. The sneaky snake slithered swiftly
and silently.
 4. The captain quickly boarded the boat.
 5. He ate the chocolate cake greedily.
 1. She sings beautifully in the choir.
2. He drives carefully on icy roads.

BOARDWORK 3. She runs quickly in the morning.

4. He speaks loudly during
presentations.
  a word governing, and usually
preceding, a noun or pronoun and
expressing a relation to another word or
Prepositions element in the clause.
 Prepositions indicate relationships
between other words in a sentence.
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES
  1. I learned to drive at the age of 12.
 2. I am at work right now.
 3. The cat is sleeping under my table.
EXAMPLES  4. Please sit down for a while.
 5. She is the best by far.
 6. Ron described the accident in detail.
 1. They went hiking through the
forest.
2. The bird flew above the clouds.
BOARDWORK
3. The restaurant is across the street.
4. He sat beside his friend.
5. The book is on the table.
  a word used to connect clauses or
sentences or to coordinate words in the
same clause .
 Conjunctions allow you to form complex,
Conjunctions elegant sentences and avoid the choppiness
of multiple short sentences. Make sure that
the phrases joined by conjunctions are
parallel (share the same structure).
 CONJUNCTIONS
AND EITHER…OR
FOR NEITHER..NOR
NOR BOTH...AND

EXAMPLES OR NOT ONLY..BUT

ALSO

BUT SO…AS
YET WHETHER..OR
SO NO SOONER…
THAN
EXAMPLES
  1. I go to library, for I love to read.
 2. Anna likes to read and write.
 3. You are going to have a brother or sister.

EXAMPLES  4. As soon as we reached the station, the train

left.
 5. I would rather go out than staying at home
today.
 1. They went to the beach because it was a
sunny day.
2. I wanted to go to the concert, yet I couldn't
get tickets.
3. He likes both chocolate and vanilla ice
BOARDWORK
cream.
4. She wanted to go to the party, but she had
too much homework.
5. He ran quickly so he wouldn't be late for
class.
  an abrupt remark, made especially as an
aside or interruption.
 The word interjection comes from the Latin
words inter (between) and jacĕre (to throw).
Interjections
So, an interjection is a word that you throw
in between sentences or thoughts to express a
sudden feeling.
 INTERJECTIONS
WOW! OH DEAR!
AHA! OUCH!
EXAMPLES EEWWW! AH LISTEN!
HALLELUJAH! HOORAY!
CHEERS! OH GOD!
 1. Please, help me now!
2. Don’t talk to me, get out!
EXAMPLES 3. How beautiful this city is!
4. I’m so mad at her!
5. God, I’m in heaven!
THANK
YOU!