ELEC9713

Industrial and Commercial Power Systems

Tutorial 3
Q1. An industrial site (3-phase 415V) has the following loads:
(i) Lightings of 150kW in total
(ii) Two 75hp induction motors with 85% efficiency at 88% lagging power factor.
(iii) One 100hp synchronous motor with 90% efficiency at unity power factor.

Draw a phasor diagram showing the total power components (real, reactive, apparent).
What is the overall power factor?

Two more induction motors identical to the existing ones are added, and the synchronous
motor is removed. Determine the new power factor. If the power factor must be
maintained at 98% or better, how much capacitance must be added. Specify the current
rating of the PFC capacitor bank.
Ans. [98.18% ; 94.63% ; 60kVAR ; 83.5A]

Q2. A shunt-type harmonic filter is often used to prevent harmonic currents flowing in a
distribution network. This type of filter is a simple series-resonant circuit that consists of
an inductor in series with a capacitor. Usually, an existing power factor correction
capacitor bank in the network is used and a reactor is added in series. The inductance value
is selected so that the filter is resonant at the target harmonic frequency. The ratings of the
capacitor bank need to be rechecked for the new operating condition.

Denote XC the reactance of the capacitor and XL the reactance of the inductor at 50Hz.
Show that the value of XL required to achieve resonance at the n-th harmonic frequency is
given by:
−X
X L = 2C
n

Consider an 11kV three-phase distribution network. A harmonic analysis shows that a

1000kVA load generates 5% fifth-harmonic current. As a result, an existing 300kVAr
capacitor bank is to be converted to a fifth harmonic filter. The capacitor bank is able to
operate at up to 110% of the rated voltage and up to 135% of its kVAr rating.

(a) Determine the inductance needed for the harmonic filter.

(b) Calculate the fundamental frequency current and the fifth harmonic current that the
harmonic filter will be subjected to.
(c) Calculate the total effective current through the filter.
(d) Calculate the total effective voltage across the capacitor bank and check if this is
within the operating limit.
(e) Calculate the total effective reactive power generated by the capacitor bank and
check if this is within the limit.

Note: the overall effective current is calculated from the fundamental and harmonic current
components

ELEC9713 (2011): Tutorial 3 p.1/2

 I eff = I12 + I 22 +

Ans. [(a) 51.4mH; (b) 16.402A, 2.624A; (c) 16.611A; (d) 6619V; (e) 329.83kVAR]

Q3. The line-neutral voltages of a three-phase supply are:

V=
an 230∠00 ; V=
bn 240∠ − 1220 ; V=
cn 245∠ + 117 0

Calculate:
(a) the line-line voltages
(b) the equivalent balanced sequence components.
(c) the voltage unbalance factors (as defined by NEMA and IEC).
Ans:
(a) = ; Vbc 422.13∠ − 92.17 o =
Vab 411.1∠29.68o = ; Vca 405.08∠147.39o
(b) Vab( 0) = 1.895 ×10−14 ∠180o ; =
Vab(1) 412.71∠28.3o ; V=
ab( 2 ) 10.02∠128.23o
(c) 2.27% (NEMA) ; 2.43% (IEC)

Q4. The voltage and current of a single phase supply circuit are as follows:
=v (t ) 2  240 cos ( 314t ) + 20 cos ( 3 × 314t ) + 10 cos ( 5 × 314t )  volts

=i (t ) ( ) (
2 10 cos 314t + 20o + 5cos 3 × 314t − 30o  amps
  )
Calculate:
(a) the THDs and CFs for the voltage and current waveforms.
(b) the true, displacement, and distortion power factors.
Ans:
(a) THDV = 9.32% ; THDI = 50% = ; CFV 1.584 = ; CFI 1.882
(b) pftrue = 0.87 ; pf disp = 0.98 ; pf dist = 0.89
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