Group 5 Final Report

_____________________________________________________________________________________
STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN / SKAB 3323 - 03
Lecturer: Prof. Dr. SHAHRIN MOHAMMAD
Prof. Madya Dr. SHEK POI NGIAN
Session: 2019/2020 - 1
__________________________________________________________
5-STOREY OFFICE BUILDING STEEL DESIGN

GROUP PROJECT
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Group members:
OMAR ZAKARIA EL KAYAL – A17KA4006
AHMED ABDELAZIM FOAUD – A17KA0236
OSAMA ZOHDE EL TANAHI – A17KA0238
SYURIALIZA BINTI SUHAIMI – A17KA0215
DIYANA HAZIERAH BINTI ABDULLAH -A17KA0029

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 2
3.0 DRAWINGS........................................................................................................................... 3-10
- 3.1 2D STRUCTURE LATOUT……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-8

- 3.2 3D STRUCTURE LAYOUT…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8-10
4.0 BEAM DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 11-61
4.1 OMAR ZAKARIA (Ground Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11-20
- 4.1.1 BEAM 1 (1.1/C1-D)

- 4.1.2 BEAM 2 (3.2/ A-A1)
4.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH (First Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21-32
- 4.2.1 BEAM 1 (3/B-C)

- 4.2.1 BEAM 2 (3/C-D) >> SECOND FLOOR
4.3 SYURIALIZA (Second Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33-40
- 4.3.1 BEAM 1 (A/1-2)

- 4.3.2 BEAM 2 (B/1-2)
4.4 OSAMA ZOHDE (Third Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41-49
- 4.4.1 BEAM 1 (C/1-2)

- 4.4.2 BEAM 2 (2/B-C)
4.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM (MEZZANINE Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………… 50-61
- 4.5.1 BEAM 1 (2/C-D) >> FIRST FLOOR

- 4.5.2 BEAM 2 (B/3-4)
5.0 COLUMN DESIGN ............................................................................................................. 62-161
5.1 OMAR ZAKARIA (Ground Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 62-84
- 5.1.1 COLUMN 1 (C4)

- 5.1.2 COLUMN 2 (B1)
5.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH (First Floor) ……………………………………………………………………………………….……… 85-113
- 5.2.1 COLUMN 1 (B4)

- 5.2.2 COLUMN 2 (C3)
5.3 SYURIALIZA (Second Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 114-125
- 5.3.1 COLUMN 1 (D1)

- 5.3.2 COLUMN 2 (E1)
5.4 OSAMA ZOHDE (Third Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 126-141
- 5.4.1 COLUMN 1 (C3)

- 5.4.2 COLUMN 2 (C1)
5.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM (MEZZANINE Floor) …………………...…………………………………………………….……142-161
- 5.5.1 COLUMN 1 (C2)

- 5.5.2 COLUMN 2 (A1)
6.0 CONNECTION DESIGN ................................................................................................... 162-206
6.1 OMAR ZAKARIA (Ground Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………….162-170
- 6.1.1 COLUMN 1 (Beam B/ 1-2 to Column B1)

- 6.1.2 COLUMN 2 (Beam C/1-2 to Column C2)
6.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH (First Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 171-182
- 6.2.1 COLUMN 1 (Beam B/ 3-4 to Column B4)

- 6.2.2 COLUMN 2 (
6.3 SYURIALIZA (Second Floor) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………183-188
- 6.3.1 COLUMN 1 (B/1)

- 6.3.2 COLUMN 2 (a/1)
6.4 OSAMA ZOHDE (Third Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 189-196
- 6.4.1 COLUMN 1 (C1), BEAM (C/1-2)

- 6.4.2 COLUMN 2 (3), BEAM (C/2-3)
6.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM (MEZZANINE FLOOR) …………………………………………………………………………… 197-206
- 6.5.1 COLUMN 1 (C2), BEAM (2/C-D)

- 6.5.2 COLUMN 2 (A1), BEAM (A/1-2)
7.0 TRUSS DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 207-253
7.1 OMAR ZAKARIA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 207-217
- 7.1.1 ROOF TRUSS
7.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 218-225
- 7.2.1 ROOF TRUSS
7.3 SYURIALIZA………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 226-233
- 7.3.1 ROOF TRUSS
7.4 OSAMA ZOHDE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 234-241
- 7.4.1 ROOF TRUSS
7.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 242-253
- 7.5.1 ROOF TRUSS
8.0 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 254

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In this course, we are given a project to design a 1/2 storey office block for Nusatara
Development Sdn. Bhd using a steel component based on the knowledge we have learned from
the lectures. The project components included are beam, column, connection and truss. Each
member in a group are required to design 2 beams, 2 columns, 2 connection and a truss based
on the question given. In completing the project, we refer to Eurocode 3, BS EN 1993 Part 1-1
and Eurocode 3 BS EN 1993 Part 1-8 for connection design.
The 1/2 storey building were develop for office building. There is a total of 4 floors; Ground
Floor, First Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor. Before designing the beam, we discuss among
group members to make proper decision in designing each component required. After making
decision, we proceed in designing individual part, followed by other the other beams and
columns. Analysis was made by manual calculation first, and later are checked with STAAD PRO.
Structural steel detailing is significant and mandatory process in all types of construction
activities. It requires deep knowledge in designing structural steel construction and demands
near a 99% accuracy. At the end of this project, we expected to be able to design structural
steel work extensively based on our knowledge. We also have to ensure the design detailing
steps were correctly following the Eurocode 3 BS EN 1993 Part 1-1 and Eurocode 3 BS EN 1993
Part 1-8 for connection design. We also hope to improve the safety of human lives from the
analysis and designing the maximum capacity of steel structure.
1
2.0 OBJECTIVE
1. To perform detailing design of 1/2 story office block
2. To apply and improve knowledge in designing a steel work structure
3. To cooperate with group members in all progress of the project
4. To ensure all designs were correctly refer to Eurocode 3 BS EN 1993 Part 1-1 and Eurocode
3 BS EN 1993 Part 1-8
2
3.0 DRAWING
3.1 STRUCTURE LAYOUT
- GROUND FLOOR
3
- MEZZANINE FLOOR
-
-
4
- FIRST FLOOR
5
- SECOND FLOOR
6
- THIRD FLOOR
7
- ROOF FLOOR
8
3D STRUCTURE LAYOUT
- STRUCTURAL MODEL
9
- ARCHITECTURAL MODEL
10
STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN – SKAB3323/ 03
Project
LECTURER: PROF. SHAHRIN.
Title 4.0 BEAM DESIGN - GROUND FLOOR BEAM 1 (1.1/C1-D)
Designed by: Checked by: Date: Page:

School of Civil Engineering
4.1 OMAR ZAKARIA

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Reference Calculation Output
4.1.1 BEAM 1 GROUND FLOOR (1.1/ C1-D):
Calc. Design load Assumptions:

BS EN 1991-1-1: - Self-weight of the beam = 0.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Concrete slab = 24 × 0.15 = 3.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
2002
- Finishes = 0.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Ceiling = 1.0 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Weight of wall (Brick wall) = 2.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑞𝑘 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 (𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒)
11
For the triangle: Triangle:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 1.9) + 0.7 = 15.3 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 15.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 1.9) = 4.8 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 4.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(15.3) + 1.5(4.8) = 27.9 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 27.9 𝑘𝑁
Try size: 305×165×40 UKB
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑊
=
2
27.9
=
2 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 14.0 𝑘𝑁
= 14.0 𝑘𝑁
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑀𝐸𝑑
𝑊𝐿
=
6
(27.9)(2.5)
=
6 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 11.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 11.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝛿𝐸𝑑
𝑊𝐿3
=
60𝐸𝐼
(27.9)(2.5)3
=
60(210 × 106 )(8.5 × 10−5 )
𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 0.41 𝑚𝑚
= 0.41𝑚𝑚
Table 5.2
12
BS EN 1993-1-1 • Section classification
Flange Web
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 6.92 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 44.2
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 < 9𝜀 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 < 72𝜀
Class 1 Class 1
Overall Class is 1
Thus, the overall class is 1
• Shear resistance check:

cl. 6.2.6 𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = √3 = 318615.9 𝑁 = 318.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 318.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 2006.8 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 51.3 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 165 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 6.0 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 8.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
Since, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 14.0 𝑘𝑁

Shear resistance is
adequate #
∴ Shear resistance is adequate.
13
cl. 6.2.8 • Moment resistance check
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (623×103 )(275)

𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝛾𝑀0
= 1
= 171.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑
Since, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 11.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 Moment resistance

is adequate #
∴ Moment resistance is adequate.
cl. 6.2.6(6)
• Shear buckling check
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 305 − 2(10.2)

= = = 47.43
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤 6
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
72𝜀 72(0.92) <
= = 66.24 𝑡𝑤 𝜂
𝜂 1
No need to check
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
Since, 𝑡𝑤
< 𝜂
the shear buckling
∴ No need to check the shear buckling.
14
• Deflection check
𝐿 2500
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = = = 6.94 𝑚𝑚 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑
360 360
Since, 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 0.31 𝑚𝑚 Deflection is

adequate #
∴ the Deflection is adequate.
• Combination of shear and moment check
0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑

0.5(318.6) = 159.3 𝑘𝑁
Combination of
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 14.0 𝑘𝑁 shear and moment
is adequate #
∴ the Combination of shear and moment is adequate.
15
Project
Title 4.0 BEAM DESIGN - GROUND FLOOR BEAM 2 (3.2/ A-A1)

4.1 OMAR ZAKARIA
4.1.2 BEAM 2 GROUND FLOOR (3.2/ A-A1):
Calc. Design load Assumptions:
BS EN 1991-1-1: - Self-weight of the beam = 0.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

2002
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Triangle:
16
For the triangle: 𝐺𝑘 = 24.6 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 3.1) + 0.7 = 24.6 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 7.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 3.1) = 7.8 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 44.9 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(24.6) + 1.5(7.8) = 44.9 𝑘𝑁
Trapezoidal:
For the trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = 23.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 3.0) + 0.7 = 23.1 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 7.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 3.0) = 7.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 42.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(23.1) + 1.5(7.5) = 42.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 𝑊2
= +
2 2
44.9 42.4
= +
2 2 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 43.7 𝑘𝑁
= 43.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 𝐿 3 − 4𝑎2
= + 𝑊2 𝐿 ( )
6 24(1 − 𝑎)
(44.9)(3.5) 3 − 4(0.43)2
= + 42.4(3.5) ( ) 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 50.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
6 24(1 − 0.43)
= 50.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
17
𝑊1 𝐿3 𝑊2 𝐿3 (4𝑎2 − 5)2
= +
60𝐸𝐼 (1920𝐸𝐼)(1 − 𝑎)
(44.9)(3.5)3 (42.4)(3.5) (4(0.43)2 − 5)2

= + 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 1.91 𝑚𝑚
60𝐸𝐼 (1920𝐸𝐼)(1 − 0.43)
= 1.91 𝑚𝑚
Table 5.2
• Section classification
BS EN 1993-1-1
Outstand element Internal element
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 6.92 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 44.2
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
Class 1 Class 1 Overall Class is 1
cl. 6.2.6
18
• Shear resistance check 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 318.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = √3 = 318615.9 𝑁 = 318.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 2006.8 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 51.3 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 165 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 6.0 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 8.9 𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
Since, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 44.6 𝑘𝑁 Shear resistance is

adequate #
cl. 6.2.8 • Moment resistance check
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (623×103 )(275)

= 1
= 171.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑
Since, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 50.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 Moment resistance

is adequate #
cl. 6.2.6(6)
19
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 305 − 2(10.2)

= = = 47.43
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤 6
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
72𝜀 72(0.92) <
= = 66.24 𝑡𝑤 𝜂
𝜂 1
No need to check
the shear buckling
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
Since, 𝑡𝑤
< 𝜂
𝐿 3500 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑

𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = = = 9.72 𝑚𝑚
360 360
Deflection is
Since, 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 1.91 𝑚𝑚 adequate #
0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
0.5(318.6) = 159.3 𝑘𝑁
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 44.6 𝑘𝑁 Combination of

shear and moment
is adequate #
20
Project
Title 4.0 BEAM DESIGN/ FIRST FLOOR BEAM 1 (2/C-D)

DIYANA HAZIERAH OMAR ZAKARIA 16/3/2020 1
4.2.1 BEAM 1 FIRST FLOOR (3/B-C):
Assumptions:
- Self-weight of the beam = 0.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

- Finishes = 0.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Ceilling = 1.0 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
21
For the triangle: × 2 2-Triangle:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 140 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 140 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 45 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 45 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(45) = 128.25 × 2 𝑊 = 256.5 𝑘𝑁

= 256.5 𝑘𝑁
Try: 457 × 152 × 82 UKB
𝑊
=
2
256.5
=
2
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
= 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿
=
6
256.5 × 6
=
6
𝑀𝐸𝑑
= 256.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 256.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
22
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑊𝐿3
=
60𝐸𝐼
(256.5)(6)3
=
60(210 × 106 )(36.6 × 10−5 )
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚
= 0.01𝑚𝑚
• Section classification:
Flange Web
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3.29 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 38.8
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
Class 1 Class 1
Thus, The overall class is 1

Overall Class is 1

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
√3 = 642.3𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 642.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀0
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 4045.65 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 105 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 155.3 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 18.9 𝑚𝑚
23
𝑡𝑤 = 10.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚
Since, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
Thus, Shear resistance is adequate. Shear resistance is

adequate #
• Moment resistance check:
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (1810×103 )(275)

= 1
= 497.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Since, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 256.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑
Thus, Moment resistance is adequate.
Moment resistance
is adequate #
24
• Shear buckling check:
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 465.8 − 2(18.9)

= = = 40.76
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤 10.5
72𝜀 72(0.92)
= = 66.24
𝜂 1
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
Since, 𝑡𝑤
< 𝜂
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
<
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
Thus, No need to check the shear buckling.
No need to check
the shear buckling
• Deflection check:
𝐿 6000
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = = = 16.67 𝑚𝑚
360 360
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥

Since, 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚
Deflection is
Thus, the Deflection is adequate. adequate #
25
• Combination of shear and moment check:
0.5(642.3) = 321.2 𝑘𝑁
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
Thus, the Combination of shear and moment is adequate.
Combination of
shear and moment
is adequate #
26
Project
Title BEAM DESIGN/ FIRST FLOOR BEAM 2 (B/ 3-4)
Designed by : Checked by : Date : Page :

4.2.2 BEAM 2 SECOND FLOOR (3/C-D):
Assumptions:

𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
27
For the triangle: × 2
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 140𝑘𝑁 2-Triangle:
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 45𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 140 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.25 𝑘𝑁 × 2 𝑄𝑘 = 45 𝑘𝑁
= 256.5𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 256.5 𝑘𝑁
Try: 457×152×82 UKB
𝑊
=
2
256.5
=
2
= 128.3 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿
=
6
(256.5)(6)
=
6
𝑀𝐸𝑑
= 256.5𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 256.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑊𝐿3
=
60𝐸𝐼
(256.5)(6)3
=
60 (210 × 106 )(36.6 × 10−5 )
= 0.01 𝑚𝑚 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚
28
Flange Web
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3.29 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 38.8
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
Class 1 Class 1

Overall Class is 1

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = √3 = 642.3𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 642.3 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 4045.65 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 105 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 155.3 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 18.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 10.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚

Thus, Shear resistance is adequate.
Shear resistance is
adequate #
29
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (1810×103 )(275)

𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = = 497.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀0 1
Since, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 256.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Moment resistance
Thus, Moment resistance is adequate. is adequate #
30
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 465.8 − 2(18.9)

= = = 40.74
72𝜀 72(0.92)
= = 66.24
𝜂 1
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
Since, 𝑡𝑤
< 𝜂
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
<
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
No need to check
the shear buckling
𝐿 6000
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = = = 16.67 𝑚𝑚
360 360
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥

Since, 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚
Deflection is
Thus, the Deflection is adequate. adequate #
31
0.5(642.3) = 321.2 𝑘𝑁
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
Thus, the Combination of shear and moment is adequate. Combination of

shear and moment
is adequate #
32
Project
LECTURER: PROF. DR.SHAHRIN MOHAMMAD
Title BEAM DESIGN - SECOND FLOOR BEAM 1 (a/1-2)

School of Civil Engineering diyana
4.3 SYURIALIZA BT 12/3/2020
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia SUHAIMI

4.3.1 BEAM DESIGN
BEAM 1 SECOND FLOOR (a/ 1-2):
Assumptions:
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 5.1 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
For the rectangular: Triangle:

𝐺𝑘 = (5.1𝑥3.5) + 0.7 + (2.6𝑥3.8) = 28.43 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 28.43 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 8.75 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 3.5) = 8.75 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 51.51 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(28.43) + 1.5(8.75)
= 51.51 𝑘𝑁
Try size: 457x152x82 UKB
𝑊𝐿
=
2
51.51𝑋2 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 218.92 𝑘𝑁
=
2
= 218.92 𝑘𝑁
33
𝑊𝐿^2
=
6
𝑀𝐸𝑑
(51.51)(8.5)^2 = 465.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
=
8
= 465.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
5𝑊𝐿3
=
384𝐸𝐼
5(74.38)(8500)3 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 11.11 𝑚𝑚

=
384𝑋210𝑋22500(104 )
= 11.11𝑚𝑚
Section classification
Flange Web
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3.29 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 38.8
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
Class 1 Class 1
Thus, The overall class is 1 Overall Class is 1

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
√3 = 798 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 798 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
Where,
34
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 5026𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 105 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 155.3 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 18.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 10.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚
Shear resistance is
Since, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 218.92 𝑘𝑁 adequate #
• Moment resistance check
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (1810×10−3 )(275) 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑

𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = = 497.75𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀0 1
Moment resistance
is adequate #
Since, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 465. 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
35
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 465.8 − 2(18.9)

= = = 52.8
72𝜀 72(0.92)
= = 66.24
𝜂 1
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀 <
Since, < 𝑡𝑤 𝜂
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
No need to check
∴ No need to check the shear buckling. the shear buckling
𝐿 8500
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = = = 23.61 𝑚𝑚
360 360
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑
Since, 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 11.11 𝑚𝑚
Deflection is
∴ the Deflection is adequate. adequate #

0.5(798) = 399𝑘𝑁 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑

shear and moment
is adequate #
36
Project
LECTURER: PROF. DR SHAHRIN MOHAMMAD
Title BEAM DESIGN - SECOND FLOOR BEAM 2 (B/1-2)

School of Civil Engineering diyana
Universiti Teknologi SUHAIMI
Malaysia

4.3.2 BEAM 2 SECOND FLOOR (B/1-2):
Assumptions:
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 5.1 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
For the rectangular: Triangle:

𝐺𝑘 = (5.1𝑥1.75) + 0.7 + (2.6𝑥3.8) = 19.51 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 19.51 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 4.38 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5𝑥1.75) = 4.38 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 279.92𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(19.51) + 1.5(4.38)
= 279.72 𝑘𝑁
For the trapezoidal: Trapezoidal:

𝐺𝑘 = 94.03 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 5.1𝑥(0.5𝑥(8.5 + 2.5)𝑥3) + (2.6𝑥3.8) = 94.03𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 2.5(0.5𝑥(8.5 + 2.5)𝑥3) = 41.25 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 188.82 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(94.03) + 1.5(41.25)
= 188.92 𝑘𝑁
Try size: 610x178x92 UKB
𝑊1 𝑊2
= +
2 2
279.72 188.82
= +
2 2
= 234.27 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 234.27𝑘𝑁
37
𝑊1 𝐿 3 − 4𝑎2
= + 𝑊2 𝐿 ( )
8 24(1 − 𝑎)
(279.92)(8.5) 3 − 4(0.4)2
= + 188.82(8.5) ( )
8 24(1 − 0.4)
= 560.24 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝐸𝑑
= 560.24 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
5𝑊1 𝐿3 𝑊2 𝐿3 (4𝑎2 − 5)2

= +
384𝐸𝐼 (1920𝐸𝐼)(1 − 𝑎)
5(37.23)(8500)3 (41.25)(8500) (4(0.4)2 − 5)2

= +
384𝐸𝐼 (1920𝐸𝐼)(1 − 0.43)
= 3.64 𝑚𝑚
𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 3.64𝑚𝑚

𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 4.75 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 50.2
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
Class 1 Class 1
• Shear resistance check

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = √3 = 1092.51 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑
= 1092.51𝑘𝑁
38
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 6880.5 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 117 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 178.8 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 15𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 10.9𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 12.7 𝑚𝑚
Shear resistance is
∴ Shear resistance is adequate. adequate #
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (2510×10−3 )(275)

𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = = 690.25 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀0 1
Moment resistance
is adequate #
39
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 547.6 − 2(15)

= = = 47.49
72𝜀 72(0.92)
= = 66.24
𝜂 1 ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
<
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
Since, <
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
No need to check
the shear buckling
𝐿 8500
360 360
Deflection is

0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 Combination of
0.5(1092.51) = 546.26 𝑘𝑁 shear and moment
is adequate #
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 234.27 𝑘𝑁
40
Project
Title BEAM DESIGN – Third Floor Beam 1 (C/1-2)

School of Civil Engineering AHMED ABDELAZIM
OSAMA ZOHDE

4.4 BEAM DESIGN
4.4.1 BEAM 1 THIRD FLOOR (C/ 1-2):
Assumptions:
Calc. Design load - Self-weight of the beam = 0.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
BS EN 1991-1-1: - Concrete slab = 24 × 0.15 = 3.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
2002
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑞𝑘 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
For the trapizoidal:

Area = 2𝑥(0.5𝑥3𝑥3) + 1.5𝑥3 = 13.5𝑚2
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 13.5) + 0.7 = 104.6𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 13.5) = 33.75 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(104.6) + 1.5(33.75) =
41
191.8 𝑘𝑁 Trapizoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = 104.6𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 33.75 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 191.8 𝑘𝑁

From table of
properties
𝑊
=
2
Table 3.2 191.8
= 2𝑥 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 191.8 𝑘𝑁
2
= 191.8 𝑘𝑁
3 − 4𝑎2
= 𝑊𝐿
24(1 − 𝑎)
3−32
= 2𝑥(191.8𝑥7.5 24(1−3))
𝑀𝐸𝑑
= 359.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 359.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝐿3 (4𝑎2 − 5)2

=
1920𝐸𝐼 1 − 𝑎
2𝑥(191.8)(7.5)3
= 𝑥((4𝑥32 − 5)2 /2)
1920(210 × 106 )(8.61 × 10−4 )
= 7.22𝑚𝑚
𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 7.22 𝑚𝑚
42
Flange Web
Table 5.2
BS EN 1993-1-1
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3.68 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 32.4
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
Class 1 Class 1
Overall Class is 1

𝑓𝑦 275
cl. 6.2.8 𝐴𝑣 ( ) 8634.36 ( )
√3 √3
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = = 1370.88 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1
Where, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 8634.36 𝑚𝑚2 = 1370.88 𝑘𝑁
𝐴 = 176 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 210 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 23.6 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 14.7 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 12.7 𝑚𝑚
Since, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 191.8𝑘𝑁

Shear resistance is
adequate #
𝑊𝑝𝑙 .𝑓𝑦 (3610×103 )(275)

𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = = 992.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀0 1
43
Moment resistance
is adequate #
44
cl. 6.2.6(6)
ℎ𝑤 549.1
= = 37.35
𝑡𝑤 14.7
72𝜀 72(0.92)
= = 66.24
𝜂 1
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
Since, < <
𝑡𝑤 𝜂 𝑡𝑤 𝜂
No need to check
∴ No need to check the shear buckling. the shear buckling
𝐿 7500
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = = = 20.8 𝑚𝑚
360 360
𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑
Since, 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 7.22 𝑚𝑚
Deflection is
∴ the Deflection is adequate. adequate #
cl. 6.2.8 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑

0.5(1370.8) = 685.4 𝑘𝑁 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑

shear and moment
is adequate #
45
Project
Title BEAM DESIGN – Third Floor Beam 2 (2/ B-C)
Designed by : Checked by: Date: Page:

OSAMA ZOHDE
Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia
4.4.2 BEAM 2 Third Floor (2/ B-C):
Assumptions:
Calc. Design load
BS EN 1991-1-1: - Concrete slab = 24 × 0.15 = 3.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
2002 - Finishes = 0.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
For the triangle:

Triangle:
Area= 0.5x3x6 = 9 𝑚2 𝐺𝑘 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 128.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.25 𝑘𝑁
Table of W= 256.5 𝑘𝑁
properties Try size: 914x305×289 UKB
46
𝑊
=
2
256.5
= 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 128.25 𝑘𝑁
2
= 128.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿
=
6
(256.5)(6)
= 𝑀𝐸𝑑
6
= 256.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 256.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝐿3
=
60𝐸𝐼
(256.5)(6)3
=
60𝐸𝐼
= 0.87 𝑚𝑚 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 0.87𝑚𝑚
47
Table 5.2
BS EN 1993-1-1 Outstand element Internal element
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3.91 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 42.3
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
cl. 6.2.6
• Shear resistance check

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( ) 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 3016.4 𝑘𝑁
√3 = 3016.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀0
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 18998.4 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 368 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 307 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 32 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 19.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑟 = 19.1 𝑚𝑚
Shear resistance is
adequate #

cl. 6.2.8

𝑊𝑝𝑙 .𝑓𝑦 (12600×103 )(275)
𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = = 3465 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀0 1 Moment resistance
is adequate #
48
cl. 6.2.6(6)
ℎ𝑤 824.4
= = 42.28
𝑡𝑤 19.5
72𝜀 72(0.92)
= = 66.24
𝜂 1 ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
<
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀 𝑡𝑤 𝜂
Since, <
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
No need to check
the shear buckling
𝐿 6000
360 360
Deflection is

0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 Combination of
0.5(3016.4) = 1508.2 𝑘𝑁 shear and moment
is adequate #
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 128.25𝑘𝑁
49
Project
Title BEAM DESIGN/ FIRST FLOOR BEAM 1 (2/C-D)

Ahmed AbdelAzim Fouad SYURIALIZA

4.5 BEAM DESIGN
4.5.1 BEAM 1 FIRST FLOOR (2/ C-D):
Assumptions:

Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
50
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) + 0.7 = 70 𝐾𝑁 × 2 = 140 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 45 𝐾𝑁 2-Triangle:
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(45) = 162 × 2 = 324 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 140 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 90 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 324 𝑘𝑁
Try: 457×152×52 UKB
𝑊
=
2
324
=
2
= 162 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 162 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿
=
6
324 × 6
=
6 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 324 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 324 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝐿3
=
60𝐸𝐼
51
(324)(6)3
=
60(210 × 106 )(8.5 × 10−5 )
𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 0.07 𝑚𝑚
= 0.07𝑚𝑚
Flange Web
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 5.71 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 53.6
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = √3 = 578.4𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 578.4 𝑘𝑁
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 3642.88 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 66.6 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 152.4 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 10.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 7.6 𝑚𝑚
52
𝑟 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚
Since, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 162 𝑘𝑁
Thus, Shear resistance is adequate. 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑
Shear resistance is
adequate #
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (1100×103 )(275)

𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = = 302.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀0 1

Since, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 < 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 302.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Thus, Moment resistance is not adequate. Moment resistance

is not adequate #
53
# try another section:
Try 457 × 152 × 82 UKB
Flange Web
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3.29 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 38.8
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 < 9𝜀 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 < 72𝜀 Overall Class is 1
Class 1 Class 1

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = √3 = 827.78𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑
= 827.78 𝑘𝑁
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 5213.67 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 105 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 155.3 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 18.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 10.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚
54
Since, 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 162 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑

Shear resistance is
adequate #

𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (1810×103 )(275)
= 1
= 497.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Moment resistance
is adequate #
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 465.8 − 2(18.9)

= = = 40.76
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
<
72𝜀 72(0.92) 𝑡𝑤 𝜂
= = 66.24
𝜂 1
No need to check
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀 the shear buckling
Since, <
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
55
𝐿 6000
360 360
Since, 𝛿𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 > 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 0.07 𝑚𝑚 Deflection is

adequate #
Thus, the Deflection is adequate.

0.5(827.78) = 413.9 𝑘𝑁
Combination of
shear and moment
is adequate #
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 162 𝑘𝑁
56
Project
Title BEAM DESIGN/ FIRST FLOOR BEAM 2 (B/ 3-4)

Ahmed AbdelAzim SYURIALIZA
4.5.2 BEAM 2 MEZZANINE FLOOR (B/ 3-4):
57
Assumptions:

𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
For the rectangular:

rectangular:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 1.75) + 0.7 = 14.12 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 14.12 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 1.75) = 4.38 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 4.38 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(14.12) + 1.5(4.38) = 25.6 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 25.6 𝑘𝑁
For the trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 6.0) + 0.7 = 46.9 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 6.0) = 15 𝑘𝑁 Trapezoidal:
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(46.9) + 1.5(15) = 85.82 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 46.9 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 85.82 𝑘𝑁
Try: 457×152×82 UKB
𝑊1 𝑊2
= +
2 2
25.6 85.82 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 55.73 𝑘𝑁

= +
2 2
= 55.73 𝑘𝑁
58
𝑊1 𝐿 3 − 4𝑎2
= + 𝑊2 𝐿 ( )
8 24(1 − 𝑎)
(25.6)(8.5) 3 − 4(0.43)2
= + 85.82(8.5) ( )
8 24(1 − 0.43)
𝑀𝐸𝑑
= 142.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 142.9 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
5𝑊1 𝐿3 𝑊2 𝐿3 (4𝑎2 − 5)2

= +
384𝐸𝐼 (1920𝐸𝐼)(1 − 𝑎)
5(25.6)(8.5)3 (85.82)(8.5) (4(0.43)2 − 5)2 𝛿𝐸𝑑 = 0.01 𝑚𝑚

= +
384𝐸𝐼 (1920𝐸𝐼)(1 − 0.43)
= 0.01 𝑚𝑚
Flange Web
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3.29 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 38.8
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 72𝜀 = 66.24

Overall Class is 1
Class 1 Class 1
59
𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = √3 = 827.78𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 827.78 𝑘𝑁
Where,
𝐴𝑣 = 𝐴 − 2𝑏𝑡𝑓 + (𝑡𝑤 + 2𝑟)𝑡𝑓 = 5213.67 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴 = 105 × 102 𝑚𝑚2
𝑏 = 155.3 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 = 18.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑤 = 10.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑟 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚


Shear resistance is
adequate #
𝑊𝑝1 .𝑓𝑦 (1810×103 )(275)

= 1
= 497.75 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Since, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 50.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑

Moment resistance
is adequate #
60
ℎ𝑤 ℎ − 2𝑡𝑓 465.8 − 2(18.8)

= = = 40.74
𝑡𝑤 𝑡𝑤 6
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
<
𝑡𝑤 𝜂
72𝜀 72(0.92)
= = 66.24
𝜂 1
No need to check
the shear buckling
ℎ𝑤 72𝜀
Since, 𝑡𝑤
< 𝜂
𝐿 8500
360 360
Deflection is
Thus, the Deflection is adequate.

0.5(827.78) = 413.9 𝑘𝑁
Combination of
shear and moment
is adequate #
Since, 0.5𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 55.73 𝑘𝑁
61
Project
Title 5.0 COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 1 GROUND FLOOR (C4)

5/4/2020
5.1 OMAR ZAKARIA OSAMA ZOHDE
5.1.1 COLUMN 1 GROUND FLOOR (C4)
62
• Determination of 𝑵𝑬𝒅
Assumptions:

Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Loads from the beams:
Beam 4/ B-C:
Triangle:
Triangle:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 128.3
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = = = 64.1 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 64.1 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Beam C/ 3-4:
Trapezoidal: Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = ((7.7 × 16.5) + 0.7) × 2 = 255.6 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 255.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) × 2 = 82.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 82.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(255.6) + 1.5(82.5) = 468.8 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 468.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 468.8
2 2
Beam 4/ C-D:
63
Triangle: Triangle:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 128.3
2 2
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (C4) by the connected beams pf the
ground floor:
∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 = 128.3 + 468.8 + 128.3 = 725 𝑘𝑁 ∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 = 725 𝑘𝑁
Since, the plan layout in all levels is the same, therefore, all the loads
from the upper columns will equal to ∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 .
- Assume self-weight of all columns = 27 𝑘𝑁

- Assume the Truss and Purlin S.W. on the roof = 41.8 𝑘𝑁
Therefore,
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (725 × 5) + (27 × 4) + (42) = 3775 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 3775 𝑘𝑁
64
Consider size: 305×305×198 UKC, S275 for column C4
ℎ = 339.9 𝑚𝑚, 𝑏 = 314.5 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑤 = 19.1 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑓 = 31.4 𝑚𝑚,
𝑐𝑓 𝑐𝑤
𝑟 = 15.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 246.7 𝑚𝑚, = 4.22 𝑚𝑚, = 12.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤
𝐴 = 252 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 3440 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 50900 𝑐𝑚4
• Determination of 𝑴𝒚,𝑬𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑴𝒛,𝑬𝒅

Nominal moment at the Mezzanine floor:
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑
ℎ 339.9
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 468.8) ( + 100) × 10−3 = 126.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2 2
= 126.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 25.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Distribution of the bending moment until the roof level:
3800
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 126.6 × = 25.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
19000
𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
Since the loads at each side of the minor axis z-z are equal, there are
no nominal moment around z-z axis.
∴ 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
65
Table 5.2 • Section classification
BS EN 1993-1-1
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 4.22 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 12.9
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 33𝜀 = 30.36
Class 1 plastic Class 1 plastic
Thus, the overall class is 1 Overall Class is 1
• Compression Resistance
Cl. 6.2.4
𝑁𝐸𝑑
BS EN 1993-1-1 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (252)(275) 𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 6930 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 6930 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 3775
= = 0.54 ≤ 1.0 𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 6930 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
∴ the compression resistance is adequate. the compression

resistance is
adequate #
66
Cl. 6.3.1 • Buckling Resistance
BS EN 1993-1-1
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
Assume the column is pinned at both ends for both minor and major
axises.
Cl. 6.3.1.2 BS
EN1993-1-1
For major axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = 73058 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(509000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 73058 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
𝜆𝑦 = 0.31
67
6930
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.31
73058
Table 6.1 and 6.2

of EC3-1-1
ℎ 339.9
= = 1.1 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 314.5
∴ 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 c, 𝛼 = 0.34
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.31 − 0.2) + 0.312 ]

Φ𝑦 = 0.57
= 0.57
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.57 + √0.572 − 0.312
𝜒𝑦 = 0.95
= 0.95 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 6611 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (0.95)(6930) = 6611 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
flexural buckling
𝑁𝐸𝑑 3775
= = 0.57 ≤ 1.0 resistance (y-y)
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 6611
is adequate #
∴ the flextural buckling resistance at major axis is adequate.
For minor axis:
68
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(163000000) 𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 23396 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = = = 23396 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
6930 𝜆𝑧 = 0.54
𝜆𝑧 = √ = 0.54
23396
𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 c, 𝛼 = 0.49
Φ𝑧 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.54 − 0.2) + 0.542 ]
= 0.73
Φ𝑧 = 0.73
69
1
𝜒𝑧 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑧 + √Φ𝑧 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.73 + √0.732 − 0.542
= 0.82 ≤ 1.0 𝜒𝑧 = 0.82
𝐴𝑓𝑦 𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 5683 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 = (0.82)(6930) = 5682.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 3775
= = 0.66 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 5682.6
flexural buckling
resistance (z-z)
∴ the flexural buckling resistance at minor axis is adequate. is adequate #
• Buckling Moment Resistance
𝑓𝑦 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦
𝑀𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝐿𝑇
𝛾𝑀1
Determine 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐶1 𝜋2 𝐸𝐼𝑧 𝐼 𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 𝐺𝐼𝑇

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 𝐿𝑐𝑟
(√ 𝐼𝑤 + 𝜋2 𝐸𝐼𝑧
)
𝑧
(1.132)𝜋2 (2.1×105 )(1.63×108 ) (3.88×1006 38002 (81000)(734×104 )

= 3800 2 (√ 1.63×108
+ 𝜋2 (2.1×105 )(1.63×108 )
)
70
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 5875 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 5875 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness, 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (3440 × 103 )(275)

𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = √ =√ = 0.401 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.401
𝑀𝑐𝑟 5875
Buckling curve and imperfection factor 𝛼𝐿𝑇

Table 6.4
BS EN 1993-1-1
ℎ 339.9
= = 1.1 ≤ 2.0
𝑏 314.5
𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
∴ 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎, 𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.401 − 0.2) + 0.4012 ]
= 0.60 Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.60
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 + √Φ𝐿𝑇 − 𝜆̅2 𝐿𝑇
1
=
0.60 + √0.602 − 0.4012
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0 𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.96
71
Lateral torsional buckling resistance, 𝑀𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝛾𝑀1
0.96 × 275 × 3440 × 103

=
1
𝑀𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 980 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 980 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Design requirement for column in simple construction
𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 𝑀𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
3775 25.3 0
+ + 1.5 = 0.69 ≤ 1.0
5683 980 𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
Therefore, a cross-section size of 305×305×198 is adequate to be used size of

for column C4. 305×305×198 is
adequate for
column C4

Project
LECTURER: PROF SHAHRIN.

‘
72
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 2 GROUND FLOOR (B1)

OMAR ZAKARIA
OSAMA ZOHDE 5/4/2020
5.1.2 COLUMN 1 GROUND FLOOR (B1)
73
Assumptions:

Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Beam B/ 1-2:
Trapezoidal:
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 16.5) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 234 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.25) = 234 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 117 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 234
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = = = 117 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Rectangular:
Rectangular: 𝐺𝑘 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 14.9) + 0.7 = 115.4 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 14.9) = 37.3 𝑘𝑁 𝑊2 = 234 𝑘𝑁

𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(115.4) + 1.5(37.3) = 211.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 117 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 211.7
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = = = 105.9 𝑘𝑁
2 2
74
Beam 1/ B-C: Triangle:
Triangle: 𝐺𝑘 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑3 = 64.1 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 128.3
2 2
Beam 1/ A-B:
The only load affecting the beam is point load from beam A1/ 1-2
Rectangular:
Rectangular: 𝐺𝑘 = 229.8 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 29.75) + 0.7 = 229.8 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 74.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 29.75) = 74.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 421.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(229.8) + 1.5(74.4) = 421.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑4 = 210.9 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 421.8
2 2
𝑊4′ = 105.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑4 210.9
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛, 𝑊4′ = = = 105.5 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (B1) by the connected beams of the
ground floor:
∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 + 𝑊4′
= 234 + 211.7 + 128.3 + 105.5 = 679.5 𝑘𝑁
75
from the upper columns will equal to ∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 .
- Assume self-weight of all columns = 27 𝑘𝑁

- Assume the Truss and Purlin S.W on the roof = 42 𝑘𝑁
Therefore, 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 3547 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (679.5 × 5) + (27 × 4) + (42) = 3547 𝑘𝑁
Consider size: 305×305×198 UKC, S275 for column B1
ℎ = 339.9 𝑚𝑚, 𝑏 = 314.5 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑤 = 19.1 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑓 = 31.4 𝑚𝑚,

𝑐𝑓 𝑐𝑤
𝑟 = 15.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 246.7 𝑚𝑚, = 4.22 𝑚𝑚, = 12.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤
𝐴 = 252 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 3440 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 50900 𝑐𝑚4
Major axis y-y:
ℎ 339.9
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 445.7) ( + 100) × 10−3
2 2 𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑
= 120.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 120.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Distribution of the bending moment until the roof level:
76
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑
= 24.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3800
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 120.3 × = 24.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
19000
Minor axis z-z:
𝑏 314.5
𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑧 ( + 100) = ( 128.3 − 105.5)( + 100) × 10−3 =
2 2 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑
= 5.87 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 5.87 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Table 5.2
BS EN 1993-1-1 • Section classification
𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝛼 = 0.5 × (1 + ) = 1.87 > 1.0, use 𝛼 = 1.0
𝑓𝑦 𝑡𝑤 𝑑
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 4.22 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 12.9
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 396𝜀
= 8.28 = 30.36
𝛼 13𝛼 − 1
9𝜀 396𝜀
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 < 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 <
𝛼 13𝛼 − 1
Class 1 plastic Class 1 plastic overall Class is 1
Cl. 6.2.4 • Compression Resistance
77
BS EN 1993-1-1 𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 6930 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (252)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 6930 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝐸𝑑 3547
= = 0.51 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 6930
the compression
resistance is
∴ the compression resistance is adequate. adequate #
• Buckling Resistance
Cl. 6.3.1
BS EN 1993-1-1 𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
axes.
78
Cl. 6.3.1.2 BS For major axis:
EN1993-1-1
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(509000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 73058 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = 73058 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
6930
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.31 𝜆𝑦 = 0.31
73058
ℎ 339.9
Table 6.1 and 6.2 = = 1.1 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 314.5
of EC3-1-1
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.31 − 0.2) + 0.312 ]
= 0.57 Φ𝑦 = 0.57
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.57 + √0.572 − 0.312
79
= 0.95 ≤ 1.0
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (0.95)(6930) = 6611 𝑘𝑁 𝜒𝑦 = 0.95
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝐸𝑑 3547
= = 0.54 ≤ 1.0 = 6611 𝑘𝑁
flexural buckling
resistance (y-y)
For minor axis:
is adequate #
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(163000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = = = 23396 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 23396 𝑘𝑁
6930
𝜆𝑧 = √ = 0.54
23396

𝜆𝑧 = 0.54
Φ𝑧 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
80
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.54 − 0.2) + 0.542 ]
= 0.73
1 Φ𝑧 = 0.73
𝜒𝑧 = ≤ 1.0
Φ𝑧 + √Φ𝑧 2 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.73 + √0.732 − 0.542
= 0.82 ≤ 1.0
𝜒𝑧 = 0.82
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 = (0.82)(6930) = 5682.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 3547 𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 5683 𝑘𝑁

= = 0.62 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 5682.6
∴ the flextural buckling resistance at minor axis is adequate.
flexural buckling
resistance (z-z)
is adequate #
81
𝛾𝑀1

)
𝑧
(1.132)𝜋2 (2.1×105 )(1.63×108 ) (3.88×1006 38002 (81000)(734×104 )

= 3800 2 (√ 1.63×108
+ 𝜋2 (2.1×105 )(1.63×108 )
)
𝑀𝑐𝑟
= 5875 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 5875 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (3440 × 103 )(275) 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.401

𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = √ =√ = 0.401
Table 6.4 𝑀𝑐𝑟 5875
BS EN 1993-1-1
ℎ 339.9
= = 1.1 ≤ 2.0
𝑏 314.5
∴ 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎, 𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21 𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.401 − 0.2) + 0.4012 ]
82
= 0.60
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.60
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
2
1
=
0.60 + √0.602 − 0.4012
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.96
𝛾𝑀1
0.96 × 275 × 3440 × 103

=
1
= 980 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑

= 980 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑧
𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀1
83
(275)(1580 × 103 )
=
1
= 434.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 434.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
3547 24.06 5.87

+ + 1.5 = 0.67 ≤ 1.0
5683 980 434.5
Therefore, a cross-section size of 305×305×198 is adequate to be used size of

for column B1. 305×305×198 is
adequate for
column B1
84
Project
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 1 FIRST FLOOR (4/B)

5.2.0 COLUMN DESIGN
5.2.1 COLUMN 1 FIRST FLOOR FLOOR 4/B
85
Assumptions:

Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Beam 4/A-B:
Triangular:
Triangle 4/A-B:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3.5 × 7) + 0.7 = 95 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3.5 × 7) = 30.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 30.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(95) + 1.5(30.6) = 174.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 174.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 174.2
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 2
= 2
= 87.1 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 87.1 𝑘𝑁
Beam 4/B-C:
Triangular:
Triangle 4/B-C:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 128.3𝑘𝑁
86
𝑊2 128.3
= 2
= 64.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 64.2 𝑘𝑁
Beam B/3-4(i): Trapezoidal
Trapezoidal: B/3-4(i):
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 1.5) × 3.5) + 0.7 = 135.5 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 135.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 1.5) × 3.5) = 43.8 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 43.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(135.5) + 1.5(43.8) = 248.6 𝑘𝑁 𝑊3 = 248.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 248.6 𝑉𝐸𝑑3 = 124.3 𝑘𝑁

= 2
= 124.3 𝑘𝑁
Beam B/3-4(ii):
Trapezoidal: Trapezoidal
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁 B/3-4(ii):
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) = 41.3 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.3) = 234.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 41.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 234.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 234.5
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑4 = = = 117.3 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝑉𝐸𝑑4 = 117.3 𝑘𝑁
87
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (4B) by the connected beams of the
first floor:
∑ 𝑊𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 + 𝑊4
= 174.2 + 128.3 + 248.6 + 234.5 = 785.6 𝑘𝑁 ∑ 𝑊𝐹𝐹

= 785.6 𝑘𝑁
from the upper columns will equal to ∑ 𝑊𝐹𝐹 .
Assume self-weight of all columns = 27 𝑘𝑁
Therefore,
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 2402.8𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (785.6 × 3) + (27 × 2) = 2402.8 𝑘𝑁
Try section: 356×368×177 UKC, S275
Section classification:
ℎ = 368.2𝑚𝑚, 𝑏 = 372.6 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑤 = 14.4 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑓 = 23.8 𝑚𝑚,
𝑐𝑓 𝑐𝑤
𝑟 = 15.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 290.2 𝑚𝑚, = 6.89 𝑚𝑚, = 20.2 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤
𝐴 = 226 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 3460 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 57100 𝑐𝑚4
88
Nominal moment at the Second floor:
ℎ
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 248.6
2
368.2
+ 234.5) ( + 100) × 10−3
2
= 137.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 137.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Distribution of the bending moment until the roof level :
3800
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 137.2 × = 27.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
19000
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 27.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
no nominal moment around z-z axix.
∴ 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
89
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 6.89 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 20.2
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 33𝜀 = 30.36
𝐶𝑤
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 < 9𝜀 < 33𝜀
𝑡𝑤
Overall Class is 1
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (226)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 6215 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 2402.8
= = 0.39 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
∴ the compression resistance is adequate.
the compression
resistance is
adequate #
90
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
axises.
For major axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(571000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 81957 𝑘𝑁
Cl. 6.3.1.2 BS 𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
91
EN1993-1-1 𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = 81957 𝑘𝑁
226 ∗ 275
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.87
81957
ℎ 368.2 𝜆𝑦 = 0.87
= = 0.99 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 372.6
∴ 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 b, 𝛼 = 0.34
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.87 − 0.2) + 0.872 ]
= 1.0
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0 Φ𝑦 = 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆̅2
Table 6.1 and 1

=
6.2 of EC3-1-1 1.0 + √1.02 − 0.872
= 0.67 < 1.0
𝜒𝑦 = 0.67
92
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (0.67)(62150) = 41641 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 41641𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 2402.8
= = 0.10 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 41641
flextural buckling
resistance (y-y)is
For minor axis: adequate #
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(205000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = = = 29424 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
93
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 29424𝑘𝑁
226 ∗ 275
𝜆𝑧 = √ = 1.45
29424

𝜆𝑧 = 1.45
Φ𝑧 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(1.45 − 0.2) + 1.452 ]
= 1.9
1
𝜒𝑧 = ≤ 1.0 Φ𝑧 = 1.9
2
Φ𝑧 + √Φ𝑧 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
1.9 + √1.92 − 1.452
= 0.32 ≤ 1.0
𝜒𝑧 = 0.32
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 = (0.32)(62150) = 19888 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 19888𝑘𝑁
94
𝑁𝐸𝑑 2402.8
= = 0.12 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 19888
flextural buckling
resistance (z-z)
is adequate #
𝛾𝑀1

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = (√ 𝑤 + )
𝐿𝑐𝑟 𝐼𝑧 𝜋2 𝐸𝐼𝑧
(1.097)𝜋2 (210000)(20500×104 ) (6090×109 38002 (81000)(381×104 )

= 38002
(√20500×104 + 𝜋2 (210000)(20500×104 ))
= 6471 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness, 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 6471 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
95
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (3460 × 103 )(275)
𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = √ =√ = 0.38
𝑀𝑐𝑟 6471 × 106
𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.38
ℎ 368.2
= = 0.99 ≤ 2.0
𝑏 372.6
𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.38 − 0.2) + 0.382 ]
= 0.59
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.59
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
2
1
=
0.59 + √0.592 − 0.382
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.96
96
𝛾𝑀1
0.96 × 275 × 3460 × 10−3

=
1
= 913.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 913.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀1
(275)(1670 × 10−3 )
=
1
= 459.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑

= 459.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
97

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
2402.8 27.4 0
+ + 1.5 = 0.15 ≤ 1.0
19888 913.4 459.3
size of
Therefore, a cross-section size of 356×368×177 UKC is adequate to
356×368×177 UKC
be used for column B4.
is adequate for
column B4
98
99
Project
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 2 FIRST FLOOR (3/C)

DIYANA HAZIERAH 14/6/2020 2
OMAR ZAKARIA
5.0 COLUMN DESIGN
5.2.2 COLUMN 2 FIRST FLOOR FLOOR 3/C
100
Assumptions:

Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Beam 3/B-C = Beam 3/C-D:

Triangular(left):
Triangular (left):
3/B-C = 3/C-D
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 140𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 140 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 45𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 × 2
𝑊1 = 256.6 𝑘𝑁
= 256.6𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 256.6
= 2
= 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
101
Triangular (right): Triangular(right):
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 140𝑘𝑁 3/B-C = 3/C-D
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 45𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 140 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 × 2 𝑄𝑘 = 45 𝑘𝑁
= 256.6𝑘𝑁 𝑊2 = 256.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 256.6 𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁

= 2
= 128.3 𝑘𝑁
Beam C/3-4:
Trapezoidal × 2: Trapezoidal × 2
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁 × 2 C/3-4:
𝐺𝑘 = 255.6 𝑘𝑁
= 255.6𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 82.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) = 41.3 𝑘𝑁 × 2
𝑊3 = 469 𝑘𝑁
= 82.6𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.3) = 234.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2
= 469𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 469
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑3 = = = 234.5 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝑉𝐸𝑑3 = 234.5 𝑘𝑁
102
Beam C/2-3:
Trapezoidal × 2:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (2 + 8) × 3) + 0.7 = 116.2 𝑘𝑁 × 2

Trapezoidal × 2
= 232.4𝑘𝑁
C/2-3:
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (2 + 8) × 3) = 37.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2
𝐺𝑘 = 232.4 𝑘𝑁
= 75𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(116.2) + 1.5(37.5) = 213.1 𝑘𝑁 × 2
𝑊4 = 426.2 𝑘𝑁
= 426.2𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑4 = 213.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 426.6
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑4 = = = 213.3 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (3C) by the connected beams of the
first floor:
∑ 𝑊𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 + 𝑊4
= 256.6 + 256.6 + 469 + 426.2 = 1408.4 𝑘𝑁 ∑ 𝑊𝐹𝐹

= 1408.4 𝑘𝑁
Assume self-weight of all columns = 27 𝑘𝑁
103
Therefore,
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (1408.4 × 3) + (27 × 2) = 4279.2 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 4279.2𝑘𝑁
Try section: 356×368×177 UKC, S275
ℎ = 368.2𝑚𝑚, 𝑏 = 372.6 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑤 = 14.4 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑓 = 23.8 𝑚𝑚,
𝑐𝑓 𝑐𝑤
𝑟 = 15.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 290.2 𝑚𝑚, = 6.89 𝑚𝑚, = 20.2 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤
𝐴 = 226 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 3460 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 57100 𝑐𝑚4

ℎ 368.2
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 256.6 × 2) ( + 100) × 10−3
2 2
= 145.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 145.8 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3800
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 145.8 × = 29.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
19000
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 29.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
104
Since the loads at each side of the minor axis z-z are equal, there are no
nominal moment around z-z axix.
∴ 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 6.89 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 20.2
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 33𝜀 = 30.36

Overall Class is 1
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (226)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 6215 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
105
𝑁𝐸𝑑 4279.2
= = 0.69 ≤ 1.0
the compression
resistance is
adequate #
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
axises.
For major axis:
Cl. 6.3.1.2 BS 𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
106
EN1993-1-1
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = 81957 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(571000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 81957 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
𝜆𝑦 = 0.87
226 ∗ 275
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.87
81957
ℎ 368.2
= = 0.99 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 372.6
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.93 − 0.2) + 0.932 ]

Φ𝑦 = 1.0
Table 6.1 and

6.2 of EC3-1-1 = 1.0
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
1.0 + √1.02 − 0.872
𝜒𝑦 = 0.67
107
= 0.67 < 1.0
𝐴𝑓𝑦 𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 41641𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (0.67)(62150) = 41641 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 4279.2
= = 0.10 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 41641
flextural buckling
resistance (y-y)
∴ the flextural buckling resistance at major axis is adequate. is adequate #
For minor axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 29424 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(205000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = = = 29424 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
𝜆𝑧 = 1.45
226 ∗ 275
𝜆𝑧 = √ = 1.45
29424
108
Φ𝑧 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(1.45 − 0.2) + 1.452 ]
Φ𝑧 = 1.9
= 1.9
1
𝜒𝑧 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑧 + √Φ𝑧 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
1.9 + √1.92 − 1.452
𝜒𝑧 = 0.32
= 0.32 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 19888𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 = (0.32)(62150) = 19888 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 4279.2
= = 0.22 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 19888
109
∴ the flextural buckling resistance at minor axis is adequate. flextural buckling
resistance (z-z)
is adequate #
𝛾𝑀1

)
𝑧
(1.097)𝜋2 (210000)(20500×104 ) (6090×109 38002 (81000)(381×104 )

= 38002
(√20500×104 + 𝜋2 (210000)(20500×104 ))
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 6471 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

= 6471 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.38
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (3460 × 103 )(275)
𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 =√ =√ = 0.38
𝑀𝑐𝑟 6471 × 106
110
ℎ 368.2
= = 0.99 ≤ 2.0
𝑏 372.6
𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.38 − 0.2) + 0.382 ]
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.59
= 0.59
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
2
1
=
0.59 + √0.592 − 0.382
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.96
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0
111
𝛾𝑀1
0.96 × 275 × 3460 × 10−3

=
1
= 913.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 = 913.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝛾𝑀1
(275)1670 × 10−3 )
=
1
= 459.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑

= 459.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
4279.2 29.2 0
+ + 1.5 = 0.25 ≤ 1.0
19888 913.4 459.3 size of
356×368×177 UKC
is adequate for
be used for column C3. column C3
112
113
Project
LECTURER: PROF.DR SHAHRIN MOHAMMAD
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 1 SECOND FLOOR (D1)

5.3 SYURIALIZA BT omar 4/4/2020
Universiti Teknologi SUHAIMI
Malaysia

5.3.1COLUMN DESIGN =
COLUMN 1 SECOND FLOOR (D1)
Determination of 𝑵𝑬𝒅
Assumptions:
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 5.1𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Beam D-C/1 and D-E/1:

Triangle: Triangle:
𝐺𝑘 = 93.2 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 5.1𝑥(0.5𝑥3𝑥6) + 0.7 = 46.6𝑥2 = 93.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 2.5(0.5𝑥3𝑥6) = 22.5𝑥2 = 45 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 193.32 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(93.2) + 1.5(22.5) = 193.32 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 96.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 193.32
2 2
Beam D/1-2 top: Trapezoidal:

Tapezoidal: 𝐺𝑘 = 84.85 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 5.1(0.5𝑥(8.5 + 2.5)𝑥3) + 0.7 = 84.85 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 176.42 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 2.5(0.5𝑥(8.5 + 2.5)𝑥3 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(84.85) + 1.5(41.25) 𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 88.21𝑘𝑁
= 176.42 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 176.42
2 2
114
Beam D/1-2 bottom:
Triangle:
𝐺𝑘 = 5.1(0.5𝑥(8.5 + 2.5)𝑥3) = 84.15 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 2.5(0.5𝑥(8.5 + 2.5)𝑥3 = 41.25𝑘𝑁 Triangle:
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(84.15) + 1.5(41.25) 𝐺𝑘 = 84.15 𝑘𝑁
= 175.48 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 175.48 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 175.48 𝑉𝐸𝑑3 = 87.74 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (D1) by the connected beams

pf the ground floor:
∑ 𝑁𝐸𝐷
∑ 𝑁𝐸𝐷 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 = 96.66 + 88.21 + 87.74
= 272.61 𝑘𝑁
= 272.61𝑘𝑁
Consider size: 254X254X73 UKC, S275 for column D1

ℎ 254.1
𝑀,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 175.95) ( + 100) × 10−3
2 2 𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑
= 40.05𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 40.05 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
ℎ 254.6
𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 96.66) ( + 100) × 10−3
2 2
115
=21.97 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑
= 21.97 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 7.77 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 23.3
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 33𝜀 = 30.36

𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (93.1)(275) 𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 6930 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 2560 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 272.61 𝑁𝐸𝑑

= = 0.1 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 2560 𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
the compression
∴ the compression resistance is adequate. resistance is
adequate #
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
116
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆2̅ ]
.The flexural buckling resistance (Nb,Rd) is determined for the

z-z axis only(minor,critical case)
For minor axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)39100000
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 7767.67𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 32302
2560 𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.6 = 7767.67 𝑘𝑁
77.67.67
ℎ 254.1
= = 1.2 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 254.6 𝜆𝑦 = 0.6
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.6 − 0.2) + 0.612 ]
= 0.78
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆2̅ Φ𝑦 = 0.78
1
=
0.78 + √0.782 − 0.62
= 0.78 ≤ 1.0
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (0.78)(2560) = 2000 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 𝜒𝑦 = 0.78
𝑁𝐸𝑑 273.06
Cl. 6.3.1.2 = = 0.14 ≤ 1.0
117
BS EN1993- 𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 2000 𝑘𝑁
1-1 ∴ the flextural buckling resistance at major axis is adequate.
flextural buckling
resistance (z-z)
• . Buckling Moment Resistance is adequate #
𝛾𝑀1
𝐶1 𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼𝑧 𝐼 𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 𝐺𝐼𝑇

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = (√ 𝐼𝑤 + )
𝐿𝑐𝑟 𝑧 𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼𝑧
(1.365)𝜋 2 (2.1×105 )(3910×104 ) (562×109 32302 (81000)(57.6×104 )

= (√3910×104 + )
32302 𝜋 2 (2.1×105 )(3910×104 )
= 1514 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (992 × 103 )(275)

𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = √ =√ = 0.42 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 1514𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑐𝑟 1514𝑥10^6
ℎ
= 1.0 ≤ 2.0
𝑏 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.42
𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.42 − 0.2) + 0.422 ]
118
= 0.61
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
Φ𝐿𝑇 + √Φ𝐿𝑇 2 − 𝜆̅2 𝐿𝑇
1 Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.61
=
0.61 + √0.612 − 0.422
= 0.95 ≤ 1.0

𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.95
𝛾𝑀1
0.95 × 275𝑥992 × 10−3

=
1
= 259.2𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑧 = 259.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝐿𝑇
𝛾𝑀1
465𝑥275×10−3
= 1
=128𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
119

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
273.06 40.05 21.97

+ + 1.5 = 0.5 ≤ 1.0
2000 259.2 128
size of
254×254×73 is
Therefore, a cross-section size of254X254X73is adequate to be adequate for
column D1
used for column D1.
120
Project
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 2 SECOND FLOOR (E1/1)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia omar
SUHAIMI

5.3.2 COLUMN 1 SECOND FLOOR (E1/1)
Assumptions:
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 5.1 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Beam D-E/1:
Trapezoidal:
Triangular:
𝐺𝑘 = 46.6 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 5.1(0.5𝑥3𝑥6) + 0.7 = 46.6 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 2.5(0.5𝑥3𝑥6) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑊1 = 96.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(46.6) + 1.5(22.5) = 96.66𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 48.33 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 96.66
2 2
Trapezoidal E/1-2: Rectangualr:

𝐺𝑘 = 5.1(0.5𝑋(7.5 + 2.5)𝑋3 + 0.7 = 77.2 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 77.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 2.5(0.5𝑋(7.5 + 2.5)𝑋3) = 37.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 37.5𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 160.7𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(77.2) + 1.5(37.3) = 160.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 80.24 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 160.7
2 2
121
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (E1/1) by the connected beams

of the ground floor:
∑ 𝑁𝐸𝐷 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 128.57 𝑘𝑁
= 48.33 + 80.24 = 128.57𝑘𝑁
Consider size: 254X254X73 UKC, S275 for column E1/1
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 3547 𝑘𝑁

𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 7.77 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 23.3
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 396𝜀
= 8.28 = 30.36
𝛼 13𝛼 − 1 overall Class is 1
9𝜀 396𝜀
𝛼 13𝛼 − 1

𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 2560 𝑘𝑁

≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (93.1)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 2560𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0 the compression
resistance is
𝑁𝐸𝑑 128.57 adequate #
= = 0.05 ≤ 1.0
122
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
The flexural buckling resistances (Nb,Rd) is determined for the z-z

axis only(minor,critical case)
For minor axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3230 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦
2 2 (210000)(39100000) = 7767.67𝑘𝑁
𝜋 𝐸𝐼 𝜋
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = 2 = = 7767.67 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 38002
𝜆𝑦 = 0.6
2560
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.6
7767.67
ℎ 254.1
= = 1.1 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 7767.67
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.6 − 0.2) + 0.62 ] Φ𝑦 = 0.78
123
= 0.78
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆̅2
1 𝜒𝑦 = 0.78
=
0.78 + √0.782 − 0.62
= 0.78 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 2000𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (0.78)(2560) = 2000 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 128.75
= = 0.06 ≤ 1.0 flextural buckling
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 2000 resistance (z-z)
size of
Therefore, a cross-section size of 254x254x73 is adequate to be
254x254x73 is
used for column E1/1. adequate for
column E1/1
124
Project
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 1 THIRD FLOOR (C3)

OSAMA ZOHDE
Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia
5.4.0 COLUMN DESIGN
5.4.1 COLUMN 1 THIRD FLOOR (C3)
125
Calc. Design load
BS EN 1991-1-1:
Assumptions:
2002
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

Triangle:
𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
Area = 0.5x3x6 = 9𝑚2 𝑊 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 128.3
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Beam C/ 3-4:
Tapezoidal: Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = ((7.7 × 16.5) + 0.7) × 2 = 255.5 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 255.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) × 2 = 82.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 82.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(255.5) + 1.5(82.5) = 468.7 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 468.7𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 468.7 𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 234.4 𝑘𝑁

2 2
Beam 3/ C-D:
Triangle:
Area= 0.5x3x6 = 9 𝑚2 Triangle:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑3 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 128.3
2 2
126
Beam C/2-3
Trapizoidal:
Area= 15𝑚2
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7𝑥15) + 0.7 = 80.85 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 15) = 37.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(80.85) + 1.5(37.5) = 165.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 165.4
2 2
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (C3) by the connected beams

pf the ground floor:
∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 + 𝑊4
∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹
= 128.3 + 468.7 + 128.3 + 165.4 = 890.7 𝑘𝑁 = 890.7 𝑘𝑁
- Assuume self-weight of all columns = 27 𝑘𝑁

- Assume the Truss and Purlin s.w on the roof = 41.8 𝑘𝑁
Therefore,
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 27 + 41.8 + 890.7 = 959.5 𝑘𝑁
Section Consider size: 203x203x60UKC, S275 for column C3 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 959.5 𝑘𝑁

property table
ℎ = 209.6 𝑚𝑚, 𝑏 = 205.8 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑤 = 9.4 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑓 = 14.2 𝑚𝑚,
𝑐𝑓 𝑐𝑤
𝑟 = 10.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 160.8 𝑚𝑚, = 6.2𝑚𝑚, = 17.1 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤
𝐴 = 76.4 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 656 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 6120 𝑐𝑚4

Nominal moment at the major axis:
ℎ
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100)
2
209.6
= (468.7 − 165.4) ( + 100) × 10−3 = 62.12 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2
127
= 62.12𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3800
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 62.12 × = 31.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑
7600
= 31.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Since the loads at each side of the minor axis z-z are equal, there
are no nominal moment around z-z axix.
∴ 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
Table5.2 BS
EN1993-1-1
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 6.2 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 17.1
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 33𝜀 = 30.36

Overall Class is 1
Cl. 6.2.4 BS
EN 2993-1-1 𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (76.4)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 2101 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 2101 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 959.5
= = 0.28 ≤ 1.0 𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 2101 𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
≤ 1.0
∴ the compression resistance is adequate. the compression

resistance is
adequate #
Cl.6.3.1 BS • Buckling Resistance
128
EN 1993-1-1 𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
Assume the column is pinned at both ends for both minor and
Cl. 6.3.1.2 BS major axises.
EN1993-1-1
For major axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(6120𝑥104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 8775317.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦
= 8775317.1𝑘𝑁
2101
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.02
8775317.1
Table 6.1 and
6.2 of EC3-1-1 𝜆𝑦 = 0.01
ℎ 209.6
= = 1.02 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 205.8
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.02 − 0.2) + 0.022 ]
= 0.5
1 Φ𝑦 = 0.5
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 2 − 𝜆̅2
129
1
=
0.5 + √0.52 − 0.022
= 1 ≤ 1.0 𝜒𝑦 = 1
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (1)(2101) = 2101 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 2101 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 3775
= = 0.57 ≤ 1.0
flextural buckling
∴ the flextural buckling resistance at major axis is adequate. resistance (y-y)
is adequate #
For minor axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(2060𝑥104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = = = 2953783.2 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002 = 2953783.2 𝑘𝑁
2101
𝜆𝑧 = √ = 0.01
2953783.2 𝜆𝑧 = 0.01
Φ𝑧 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.01 − 0.2) + 0.012 ]
= 0.5
Φ𝑧 = 0.5
1
𝜒𝑧 = ≤ 1.0
Φ𝑧 + √Φ𝑧 2 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.5 + √0.52 − 0.012
130
𝜒𝑧 = 1
= 1 ≤ 1.0
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 = (1)(2101) = 2101 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 2101 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 959.5
= = 0.46 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 2101
flextural buckling
∴ the flextural buckling resistance at minor axis is adequate. resistance (z-z)
is adequate #
𝛾𝑀1

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = (√ 𝐼𝑤 + )
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 𝑧 𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼𝑧
(1.132)𝜋 2 (2.1×105 )(2060×104 ) (197×109 38002 (81000)(47.2×104 )

= (√2060×104 + )
38002 𝜋 2 (2.1×105 )(2060×104 )
= 2388.69 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑐𝑟

= 2388.69 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (656 × 103 )(275)

𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = √ = √ = 0.27
𝑀𝑐𝑟 2388.69 × 106
Table 6.4 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.27
BS EN 1993-1-1
ℎ 209.6
= == 1.02 ≤ 2.0
𝑏 205.8

𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
131
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.27 − 0.2) + 0.272 ]

Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.54
= 0.54
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
Φ𝐿𝑇 + √Φ𝐿𝑇 2 − 𝜆̅2 𝐿𝑇
1
=
0.54 + √0.542 − 0.272
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.99
= 0.99 ≤ 1.0
𝛾𝑀1
0.99 × 275 × 656 × 103
= = 272.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1
= 272.3 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
959.5 31.06 0
+ + 1.5 = 0.57 ≤ 1.0
2101 272.3 𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
Therefore, a cross-section size of 203x203x60UKC is adequate

to be used for column C3.
size of
203x203x60 is
adequate for
column C3
132
Project
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 2 THIRD FLOOR (C1)
OSAMA ZOHDE

5.4.2 COLUMN 2 THIRD FLOOR (C1)
133
Assumptions:
Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

Trapezoidal:
Beam C/ 1-2:
𝐺𝑘 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
Trapezoidal: 𝑄𝑘 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
Area= 0.5x6x3+2.5x3=16.5𝑚2 𝑊1 = 234 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 16.5) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) = 41.25 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 234 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.25) = 234 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 234
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 = 234 𝑘𝑁
2 2

Triangle: 𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
Area= 0.5x6x3=9𝑚2 𝑊2 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 64.1 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 128.3
2 2
Beam 1/ C-D:
Triangle:
Area= 0.5x6x3=9𝑚2
134
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 9) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁 Triangle:
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 9) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 128.3
2 2
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (C1) by the connected beams of

the thirdfloor:
∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 = 234 + 128 + 128

= 490 𝑘𝑁
Since, the plan layout in all levels is the same, therefore, all the
loads from the upper columns will equal to ∑ 𝑊𝐺𝐹 .
- Assuume self-weight of all columns = 27 𝑘𝑁

- Assume the Truss and Purlin s.w on the roof = 42 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 559 𝑘𝑁
Therefore,
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (490) + (27) + (42) = 559 𝑘𝑁
Consider size: 305×305×198 UKC, S275 for column C1
ℎ = 339.9 𝑚𝑚, 𝑏 = 314.5 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑤 = 19.1 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑓 = 31.4 𝑚𝑚,

𝑐𝑓 𝑐𝑤
𝑟 = 15.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 246.7 𝑚𝑚, = 4.22 𝑚𝑚, = 12.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤
𝐴 = 252 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 3440 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 50900 𝑐𝑚4
Major axis y-y:

ℎ 339.9
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 234) ( + 100) × 10−3 𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑
2 2 = 63.17 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
135
= 63.17 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
3800
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 63.17 × = 31.585 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
7600
𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
Minor axis z-z:
Since the loads at each side of the minor axis z-z are equal, there
are no nominal moment around z-z axix.
∴ 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
Table 5.2 • Section classification

BS EN 1993-1-
1
𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝛼 = 0.5 × (1 + 𝑓 ) = 1.87 > 1.0, use 𝛼 = 1.0
𝑦 𝑡𝑤 𝑑

𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 4.22 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 12.9
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 396𝜀
= 8.28 = 30.36
𝛼 13𝛼 − 1
9𝜀 396𝜀
𝛼 13𝛼 − 1

overall Class is 1
Cl. 6.2.4
BS EN 1993-1- • Compression Resistance
1
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (252)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 6930 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 6930 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝑁𝐸𝑑 559 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
= = 0.08 ≤ 1.0
136
the compression
∴ the compression resistance is adequate. resistance is
adequate #
Cl. 6.3.1 • Buckling Resistance

BS EN 1993-1-
1
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆2̅ ]
Assume the column is pinned at both ends for both minor and
major axises.
For major axis:

Cl. 6.3.1.2 BS
EN1993-1-1 𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(509000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 73058 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002 𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = 73058 𝑘𝑁
6930
𝜆𝑦 = √ = 0.31
73058 𝜆𝑦 = 0.31
Table 6.1 and

ℎ 339.9
= = 1.1 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
6.2 of EC3-1-1 𝑏 314.5
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(0.31 − 0.2) + 0.312 ]

137
= 0.57
Φ𝑦 = 0.57
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆2̅
1
=
0.57 + √0.572 − 0.312
𝜒𝑦 = 0.95
= 0.95 ≤ 1.0
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (0.95)(6930) = 6611 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝐸𝑑 559 = 6611 𝑘𝑁
= = 0.08 ≤ 1.0

flextural buckling
resistance (y-y)
For minor axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(163000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = = = 23396 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002 𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 23396 𝑘𝑁
6930
𝜆𝑧 = √ = 0.54
23396
𝜆𝑧 = 0.54
Φ𝑧 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.54 − 0.2) + 0.542 ]
= 0.73
138
1 Φ𝑧 = 0.73
𝜒𝑧 = ≤ 1.0
Φ𝑧 + √Φ𝑧 2 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.73 + √0.732 − 0.542
= 0.82 ≤ 1.0
𝜒𝑧 = 0.82
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 = (0.82)(6930) = 5682.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝐸𝑑 559 = 5683 𝑘𝑁
= = 0.01 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 5682.6

flextural buckling
resistance (z-z)
• Buckling Moment Resistance is adequate #
𝛾𝑀1

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = (√ 𝐼𝑤 + )
𝐿𝑐𝑟 𝑧 𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼𝑧
(1.132)𝜋 2 (2.1×105 )(1.63×108 ) (3.88×1006 38002 (81000)(734×104 )

= (√ + )
38002 1.63×108 𝜋 2 (2.1×105 )(1.63×108 )
= 5875 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀𝑐𝑟

= 5875 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (3440 × 103 )(275)

𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = √ =√ = 0.401
𝑀𝑐𝑟 5875
𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.401
139
ℎ 339.9
Table 6.4 = = 1.1 ≤ 2.0
BS EN 1993-1-
𝑏 314.5
1
𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.401 − 0.2) + 0.4012 ]
= 0.60
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.60
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
Φ𝐿𝑇 + √Φ𝐿𝑇 2 − 𝜆2̅ 𝐿𝑇
1
=
0.60 + √0.602 − 0.4012
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0 𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.96
𝛾𝑀1
0.96 × 275 × 3440 × 103 𝑀𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑

=
1 = 980 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
= 980 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
140
size of
305×305×198 is
559 63.17 0 adequate for
+ + 1.5 = 0.16 ≤ 1.0 column C1
5683 980 434.5
Therefore, a cross-section size of 305×305×198 is adequate to be

used for column C1.
141
Project
Title COLUMN DESIGN – COLUMN 1 FIRST FLOOR (C2)

Ahmed AbdelAzim Fouad SYURIALIZA
5.5 COLUMN DESIGN =
5.5.1 COLUMN 1 FIRST FLOOR FLOOR (C2)
142
Assumptions:

Thus,
𝑔𝑘 = 7.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

Triangle:
𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
Beam 2/ B-C:
𝑊 = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
= Beam 2/C-D
Triangle:
𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 64.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁

2 Beams, 4
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁 Triangles
𝑊1 128.3 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 256.6 𝑘𝑁

= 2
= 64.1 𝑘𝑁
Beam C/ 1-2:
Trapezoidal * 2:
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 16.5) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝐺𝑘 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
143
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) = 41.25 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.25) = 234 𝑘𝑁 𝑊 = 234 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 234 234 𝑉𝐸𝑑2 = 234 𝑘𝑁

= 2
+ 2 = 234 𝑘𝑁
Beam C/ 2-3:
Trapezoidal * 2:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 15) + 0.7 = 116 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 15) = 37.5 𝑘𝑁 Trapezoidal:
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(116) + 1.5(37.5) = 212.9 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 212.9 212.9 𝑊 = 212.9 𝑘𝑁

= 2
+ 2 = 212.9 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑3 = 212.9 𝑘𝑁
Thus,
The maximum load on the column (C2) by the connected beams of the
first floor:
∑ 𝑊𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 = 128.3 ∗ 4 + 234 ∗ 2 + 212.9 ∗ 2

= 1407 𝒌𝑵
∑ 𝑊𝐹𝐹 = 1407 𝑘𝑁
144
Assuume self-weight of all columns = 27 𝑘𝑁
Therefore,
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (1407 × 3) + (27 × 2) = 4275 𝑘𝑁
Try section: 305×305×283 UKC, S275 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 4275 𝑘𝑁
ℎ = 365.3 𝑚𝑚, 𝑏 = 322.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑤 = 26.8 𝑚𝑚, 𝑡𝑓 = 44.1 𝑚𝑚,
𝑐𝑓 𝑐𝑤
𝑟 = 15.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 246.7 𝑚𝑚, = 3 𝑚𝑚, = 9.21 𝑚𝑚
𝑡𝑓 𝑡𝑤
𝐴 = 360 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 1100 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 21400 𝑐𝑚4

= 77.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
ℎ 365.3
𝑀𝑚,𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = ∑ 𝐹𝑦 ( + 100) = ( 275) ( + 100) × 10−3
2 2
= 77.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑
= 12.63 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
145
3800
𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 = 77.7 × = 15.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
19000
no nominal moment around z-z axix. 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
∴ 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑 = 0
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 = 3 𝐶𝑤 /𝑡𝑤 = 9.21 Overall Class is 1
𝜀 = 0.92 𝜀 = 0.92
9𝜀 = 8.28 33𝜀 = 30.36
𝐶𝑤
𝐶𝑓 /𝑡𝑓 < 9𝜀 < 33𝜀
𝑡𝑤
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (360)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−1 = 9900 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
146
𝑁𝐸𝑑 4275 the compression
= = 0.44 ≤ 1.0
resistance is
adequate #
𝑁𝐸𝑑
≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝛾𝑀0
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
axises.
For major axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
147
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = 73058 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(509000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 = = = 73058 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
360 ∗ 275 𝜆𝑦 = 1.16

𝜆𝑦 = √ = 1.16
73058
ℎ 365.3
= = 1.1 < 1.2 ; 𝑡𝑓 < 100 𝑚𝑚, 𝑆275;
𝑏 322.2
Φ𝑦 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]

Φ𝑦 = 1.3
= 0.5[1 + 0.34(1.16 − 0.2) + 1.162 ]
= 1.3
1
𝜒𝑦 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑦 + √Φ𝑦 − 𝜆̅2
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜒𝑦 = 1
1
=
1.3 + √1.32 − 1.162
Cl. 6.3.1.2 BS
= 1.1 > 1.0
148
EN1993-1-1 𝐴𝑓𝑦 𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 9900 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑦 = (1)(9900) = 9900 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 4275
= = 0.43 ≤ 1.0
flextural buckling
∴ the flextural buckling resistance at major axis is adequate. resistance (y-y)
is adequate #
For minor axis:
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 3800 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆=√
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(163000000)
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = = = 23396 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 38002
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 = 23396 𝑘𝑁
Table 6.1 and
9900
6.2 of EC3-1-1 𝜆𝑧 = √ = 0.65
23396
𝜆𝑧 = 0.65
Φ𝑧 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
149
= 0.5[1 + 0.49(0.65 − 0.2) + 0.652 ]
= 0.82
Φ𝑧 = 0.82
1
𝜒𝑧 = ≤ 1.0
2
Φ𝑧 + √Φ𝑧 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.82 + √0.822 − 0.652
𝜒𝑧 = 0.76
= 0.76 ≤ 1.0
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒𝑧 = (0.76)(9900) = 7524 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 7524 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 4275
= = 0.57 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑 7524
flextural buckling
resistance (z-z)
is adequate #
150
𝛾𝑀1

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = (√ 𝑤 + )
𝐿𝑐𝑟 𝐼𝑧 𝜋2 𝐸𝐼𝑧
(1.132)𝜋2 (2.1×105 )(2.46×108 ) (6.35×106 38002 (81000)(2030×104 )

= (√ + )
38002 2.46×108 𝜋2 (2.1×105)(2.46×108 )
= 1075 × 107 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 5875 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 (5110 × 103 )(275)

𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = √ =√ = 0.36
𝑀𝑐𝑟 1075 × 107
Buckling curve and imperfection factor 𝛼𝐿𝑇 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 = 0.36
ℎ
= = 1.1 ≤ 2.0
𝑏
𝛼𝐿𝑇 = 0.21
151
2
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5 [1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 (𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 − 0.2) + 𝜆̅𝐿𝑇 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.36 − 0.2) + 0.362 ]
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.58
= 0.58
1
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = ≤ 1.0
2
1
=
0.58 + √0.582 − 0.362
= 0.97 ≤ 1.0
𝜒𝐿𝑇 = 0.97
𝛾𝑀1
0.97 × 275 × 5110 × 10−3 𝑀𝑦,𝑏,𝑅𝑑

= = 1363.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
1
= 1363.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
152

+ + 1.5 ≤ 1.0
4275 12.63 0
+ + 1.5 = 0.58 ≤ 1.0 size of
7524 1363.1 𝑀𝑧,𝑏,𝑅𝑑
305×305×283 UKC
is adequate for
column C2

be used for column C2.
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Project
LECTURER: PM DR SHEK POI
Title 6.0 CONNECTION DESIGN/ BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION

6.0 OMAR ZAKARIA 20/5/2020
OSAMA ZOHDE
6.1.1 CONNECTION 1 BEAM TO COLUMN
Column 305×305×198 UKC (B1), S275
Beam 406×178×67 UKB (B/ 1-2), S275
Beam B/ 1-2:
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 16.5) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.25) = 234 𝑘𝑁
Rectangular:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 14.9) + 0.7 = 115.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 14.9) = 37.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(115.4) + 1.5(37.3) = 211.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 𝑊2 211.7 234
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = + = + = 223 𝑘𝑁
2 2 2 2
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 223 𝑘𝑁
162
Assumptions:
- Use M20 bolts of grade 8.8

- Bolt diameter, 𝑑 = 20 𝑚𝑚
- Bolt hole diameter, 𝑑0 = 22 𝑚𝑚
- Thickness of end-plate, 𝑡𝑝 = 10 𝑚𝑚
- Thickness of column flange, 𝑡𝑓,𝑐 = 31.4 𝑚𝑚
- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑛 = 8 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 223 𝑘𝑁
• Minimum and maximum spacing and end and edge distances
Item Minimum Maximum Actual Note
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 40 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 50 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 60 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 100 OK!
• Shear Resistance of single connection
𝛼𝑣 𝑓𝑢𝑏 𝐴
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = ,
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝛼𝑣 = 0.6 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 8.8
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
163
(0.6)(800)(245) 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
(1.25) = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
• Bearing Resistance of single bolt
𝑘1 𝛼𝑏 𝑓𝑢𝑏 𝑑𝑡𝑝
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1.0}
𝑓𝑢
𝛼𝑑 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛{𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡, 𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡}
𝑝1 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = 0.66
3𝑑0 4
𝑒1
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = = 0.61
3𝑑0
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.61
𝑓𝑢𝑏
= 1.8
𝑓𝑢
Thus, 𝛼𝑏 = 0.61
𝛼𝑏 = 0.61
164
𝑘1 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛{𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡, 𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡}
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
1.4𝑝2
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
𝑘1 = 2.5
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.5
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
(2.5)(0.61)(800)(20)(10)
= × 10−3
1.25
= 105 𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 105 𝑘𝑁
165
• Bearing Resistance of bolt group
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 105 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 < 𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 , 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑉𝑅𝑑
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 8 × 94.1 = 752.8 𝑘𝑁
= 752.8 𝑘𝑁
Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 752.8 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 223 𝑘𝑁
Connection
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and beraring resistances design is
satisfactory
166
Project

6.0 OMAR ZAKARIA
OSAMA ZOHDE
Column 203×203×127 UKC (C2), S275
Beam 356×171×67 UKB (C/ 1-2), S275
Beam B/ 1-2:
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 16.5) × 2 + 0.7 = 254.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) × 2 = 82.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(254.8) + 1.5(82.5) = 467.73 𝑘𝑁
𝑊
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = = 233.9 𝑘𝑁
2
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 233.9 𝑘𝑁
Assumptions:

- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2
𝑉𝐸𝑑
= 233.9 𝑘𝑁
167
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 30 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 30 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 50 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 100 OK!
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
(0.6)(800)(245)
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = = 94.1 𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
(1.25)
= 94.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
168
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1.0}
𝑓𝑢
𝑝1 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = 0.51
3𝑑0 4
𝑒1
3𝑑0
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.45
𝛼𝑏 = 0.45
𝑓𝑢𝑏
= 1.8
𝑓𝑢
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.1
𝑑0
1.4𝑝2
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.1
𝑘1 = 2.1
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
169
(2.1)(0.45)(800)(20)(10)
= × 10−3
1.25
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 126.7 𝑘𝑁
= 126.7 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 126.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 4 × 94.1 = 376.4 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑅𝑑

= 376.4 𝑘𝑁
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and beraring resistances Connection
design is
satisfactory
170
Project
Title CONNECTION DESIGN/ BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION
School of Civil Engineering Designed by : Checked by : Date : Page :

5.0 CONNECTION DESIGN
Column 356×368×177 UKC (4B), S275
Beam 406×178×67 UKB (B/3-4), S275
Beam 4/A-B:
Triangular:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3.5 × 7) + 0.7 = 95 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3.5 × 7) = 30.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(95) + 1.5(30.6) = 174.2 𝑘𝑁
Beam 4/B-C:
Triangular:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
171
Beam B/3-4(i):
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 1.5) × 3.5) + 0.7 = 135.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 1.5) × 3.5) = 43.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(135.5) + 1.5(43.8) = 248.6 𝑘𝑁
Beam B/3-4(ii):
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) = 41.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.3) = 234.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 𝑊2 𝑊3 𝑊4
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = + + +
2 2 2 2
174.2 128.3 248.6 234.5
= + + + = 392.8 𝑘𝑁
2 2 2 2
𝑉𝐸𝑑
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 392.8 𝑘𝑁 = 392.8 𝑘𝑁
172
Assumptions:

- Thichkness of end-plate, 𝑡𝑝 = 10 𝑚𝑚
- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 135.2 40 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 135.2 50 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 333.2 > 200 60 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 333.2 > 200 100 OK!
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
173
(0.6)(430)(245)
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = = 50.6 𝑘𝑁
(1.25)
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
= 50.6 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1.0}
𝑓𝑢
𝑝1 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = 0.66
3𝑑0 4
𝑒1
3𝑑0
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.61
174
𝑓𝑢𝑏
= 1.7
𝑓𝑢
𝛼𝑏 = 0.61
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
1.4𝑝2
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.5
𝑘1 = 2.5
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
(2.5)(0.61)(430)(20)(10)
= × 10−3
1.25
= 105 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 105 𝑘𝑁
175
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 8 × 50.6 = 404.8 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑅𝑑

= 404.8 𝑘𝑁
Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 404.8 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 392.8 𝑘𝑁
Connection
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and bearing resistances design is
satisfactory
176
Project
School of Civil Engineering Designed by : Checked by : Date : Page :

5.2.2 CONNECTION 2 FIRST FLOOR
Column 356×368×177 UKC (4B), S275
Beam 406×178×67 UKB (B/3-4), S275
Beam 4/A-B:
Triangular:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3.5 × 7) + 0.7 = 95 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3.5 × 7) = 30.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(95) + 1.5(30.6) = 174.2 𝑘𝑁
177
Beam 4/B-C:
Triangular:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) + 0.7 = 70 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 3 × 6) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(22.5) = 128.3 𝑘𝑁
Beam B/3-4(i):
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 1.5) × 3.5) + 0.7 = 135.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 1.5) × 3.5) = 43.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(135.5) + 1.5(43.8) = 248.6 𝑘𝑁
Beam B/3-4(ii):
Trapezoidal:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × (8.5 + 2.5) × 3) = 41.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.3) = 234.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 𝑊2 𝑊3 𝑊4
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = + + +
2 2 2 2
174.2 128.3 248.6 234.5
= + + + = 392.8 𝑘𝑁
2 2 2 2
𝑉𝐸𝑑
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 392.8 𝑘𝑁 = 392.8 𝑘𝑁
178
Assumptions:

- Thichkness of end-plate, 𝑡𝑝 = 10 𝑚𝑚
- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 135.2 40 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 135.2 50 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 333.2 > 200 60 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 333.2 > 200 100 OK!
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
179
(0.6)(430)(245) 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = = 50.6 𝑘𝑁
(1.25) = 50.6 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1.0}
𝑓𝑢
𝑝1 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = 0.66
3𝑑0 4
𝑒1
3𝑑0
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.61
180
𝑓𝑢𝑏
= 1.7
𝑓𝑢
𝛼𝑏 = 0.61
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
1.4𝑝2
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.5
𝑘1 = 2.5
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
(2.5)(0.61)(430)(20)(10)
= × 10−3
1.25
= 105 𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 105 𝑘𝑁
181
𝑉𝑅𝑑
= 404.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 8 × 50.6 = 404.8 𝑘𝑁
Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 752.8 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 392.8 𝑘𝑁
Connection
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and bearing resistances design is
satisfactory
182
Project
LECTURER: PROF.MADYA.DR SHEK POI NGIAN
Title CONNECTION DESIGN-BEAM TO COLUMN B/1 CONNECTION
ahmed
School of Civil Engineering 6.3SYURIALIZA BT 3/6/2020
SUHAIMI

6.3.1CONNECTION DESIGN(SECOND FLOOR)
CONNECTION 1 BEAM TO COLUMN
Assumption:
• Ultimate tensile force = 234.27Kn

• 2 section connected top, bottom cover with steel plate
• S275
• 610x178x92B
• 254X254X73C
• Bolt 20mm 8.8
• Bolt hole, do = 22mm
• Thickness of end –plate, tp = 10mm
• Thickness of column flange, tf,c = 11mm
• Minimum and maximum spacing and end and edge distances:-
item Minimum Maximum Actual

e1 1.2do=26.4mm 4t+40=80mm 40 OK!
e2 1.2do=26.4mm 4t+40=80mm 50 OK!
p1 2.2do=48.4mm 14t=140<200 50 OK!
mm
p2 2.4do=52.8mm 14t=140<200 NA
mm
1. Shear resistance of single bolt:
∝v = 0.6
fub = 800 N/ 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
∝vfubA 0.6𝑥800𝑥245 94kN

Fv,Rd = = = 94100N
𝛾𝑀2 1.25
183
2. Bearing resistance of single bolt
𝑒1 40
For end bolts, ∝d = = = 0.6
𝑑𝑜 66
𝑃1 1 50 1
For inner bolts, ∝d = - = - = 0.51
3𝑑𝑜 4 3(22) 4
𝑓𝑢𝑏 800
= = 1.86
𝑓𝑢 430
∝b = 0.51
For edge bolt, k1
𝑒2 50
( 2.8 – 1.7) = (2.8 – 1.7) = 4.66>2.5
𝑑𝑜 22
k1=2.5
𝑘1 ∝bfudt 2.5𝑥0.51𝑥430𝑥20𝑥10 = 87.7KN
Fb,Rd = = = 87.7kN
𝛾𝑀2 1.25
Resistance for bolt group:

= 701.6kN
Vrd = nFb,Rd = 8x87.7 = 701.6kN
3. Checking of block tearing resistance:-
• Bolt group subject to eccentric loading

• Fu = 430N/𝑚𝑚2
• Ant = 10x50 = 500𝑚𝑚2
Anv = 10x(40+40+40) = 1200𝑚𝑚2
184
0.5fuAnt (1/√3
Veff,2,Rd = ( )+( xfyxAnv)
𝛾𝑀2 𝛾𝑀0
0.5X430X500 (1/√3
=( )+( x275x1200) =276.5Kn
1.25 1
= 276.5kN
Vrd<Veff
∴234.27<276.5
OK!
∴The eccentric block tearing resistance is OK!
4. Tension resistance bolts:-

=141kN
k2fubAs 0.9x800x245
Ft,Rd = = = 141kN
𝛾𝑀2 1.25
=29.28kN
234.27
Fv,Ed = = 29.28 kN
8
5. Combined tension and shear:-

𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 𝐹𝑡,𝐸𝑑
( )+( )
𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑑 1.4𝐹𝑡,𝑅𝑑
29.28 (234.27
( )+( ) =1>1.0 adequate
94.1 1.4(141)
185
Project
LECTURER: PROF.MADYA DR SHEK POI NGIAN
Title CONNECTION DESIGN/ CONNECTION a/1 SECOND FLOOR
osama
School of Civil Engineering 6.3SYURIALIZA BT 3/6/2020
SUHAIMI

6.3.2CONNECTION DESIGN(SECOND FLOOR)
CONNECTION 1 BEAM TO BEAM
Assumption:
• Ultimate tensile force = 218.92Kn

• 2 section connected top, bottom cover with steel plate
• S275
• 457x152x82B
• Bolt 20mm 8.8
• Bolt hole, do = 22mm
• Thickness of end –plate, tp = 10mm
• Minimum and maximum spacing and end and edge distances:-
item Minimum Maximum Actual

e1 1.2do=26.4mm 4t+40=80mm 40 OK!
e2 1.2do=26.4mm 4t+40=80mm 50 OK!
p1 2.2do=48.4mm 14t=140<200 50 OK!
mm
p2 2.4do=52.8mm 14t=140<200 NA
mm
1. Shear resistance of single bolt:
∝v = 0.6
fub = 800 N/ 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
∝vfubA 0.6𝑥800𝑥245 =94100kN

Fv,Rd = = = 94100N
𝛾𝑀2 1.25
186
2. Bearing resistance of single bolt
𝑒1 40
For end bolts, ∝d = = = 0.6
𝑑𝑜 66
𝑃1 1 50 1
For inner bolts, ∝d = - = - = 0.51
3𝑑𝑜 4 3(22) 4
𝑓𝑢𝑏 800
= = 1.86
𝑓𝑢 430
∝b = 0.51
For edge bolt, k1
𝑒2 50
( 2.8 – 1.7) = (2.8 – 1.7) = 4.66>2.5
𝑑𝑜 22
k1=2.5
𝑘1 ∝bfudt 2.5𝑥0.51𝑥430𝑥20𝑥10
Fb,Rd = = = 87.7kN =87.7kN
𝛾𝑀2 1.25
Resistance for bolt group:
Vrd = nFb,Rd = 8x87.7 = 701.6kN =701.6kN
3. Checking of block tearing resistance:-
• Bolt group subject to eccentric loading

• Fu = 430N/𝑚𝑚2
• Ant = 10x50 = 500𝑚𝑚2
Anv = 10x(40+40+40) = 1200𝑚𝑚2
187
0.5fuAnt (1/√3
Veff,2,Rd = ( )+( xfyxAnv)
𝛾𝑀2 𝛾𝑀0
0.5X430X500 (1/√3
=( )+( x275x1200)
1.25 1
= 276.5kN
Vrd<Veff
∴218.92<276.5
∴The eccentric block tearing resistance is OK!

4. Tension resistance bolts:- OK!
k2fubAs 0.9x800x245
Ft,Rd = = = 141kN
𝛾𝑀2 1.25
218.92 =141kN
Fv,Ed = = 27.37 kN
8
=27.37kN
5. Combined tension and shear:-
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 𝐹𝑡,𝐸𝑑
( )+( )
𝐹𝑣,𝑅𝑑 1.4𝐹𝑡,𝑅𝑑
27,37 218.92
( )+( ) =1>1.0
94.1 1.4(141)
adequate
188
Project
AHMED ABDELAZIM
School of Civil Engineering OSAMA ZOHDE
Column 305×305×198 UKC (C1), S275

Beam (C/ 1-2), S275
Beam C/ 1-2:
Trapezoidal:
Area= 0.5x6x3+2.5x3=16.5𝑚2
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 16.5) + 0.7 = 127.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 16.5) = 41.25 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(127.8) + 1.5(41.25) = 234 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 234
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑1 = 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 = 234 𝑘𝑁
2 2
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 234 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 234 𝑘𝑁
189
Assumptions:
- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2

Table 3.3,BS
EN 1993-1-8
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 40 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 50 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 60 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 100 OK!

Table 3.4 EN
1993-1-8 𝛼𝑣 𝑓𝑢𝑏 𝐴
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
(0.6)(800)(245)
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = × 10−3
(1.25) 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
= 94.1 𝑘𝑁 = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
190
Where,
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1.0}
𝑓𝑢
𝑝1 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = 0.66
3𝑑0 4
𝑒1
3𝑑0
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.61
𝑓𝑢𝑏
= 1.8
𝑓𝑢
𝛼𝑏 = 0.61
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
1.4𝑝2
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.5 𝑘1 = 2.5
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
(2.5)(0.61)(800)(20)(10)
= × 10−3
1.25
= 105 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 105 𝑘𝑁
191
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 8 × 94.1 = 753𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑅𝑑
Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 753 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 234 𝑘𝑁 = 752.8 𝑘𝑁
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and bearing resistances

Connection
design is
satisfactory
192
Project
Title CONNECTION DESIGN/ CONNECTION 2 THIRD FLOOR
AHMED ABDELAZIM
6.4.2 CONNECTION 2 THIRD FLOOR (C3)
Column 203x203x60UKC (C3), S275

Beam (C/2-3), S275
Beam C/2-3:
Trapizoidal:
Area= 15𝑚2
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7𝑥15) + 0.7 = 80.85 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 15) = 37.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑊4 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(80.85) + 1.5(37.5) = 165.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑊3 165.4
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 = 165.4 𝑘𝑁
2 2
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 165.4 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝐸𝑑
= 165.4 𝑘𝑁
193
Assumptions:
- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2

Table 3.3,BS
EN 1993-1-8 Item Minimum Maximum Actual Note
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 165.6 40 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 165.6 50 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 60 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 100 OK!
Table 3.4 EN 𝛼𝑣 𝑓𝑢𝑏 𝐴

1993-1-8 𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
(0.6)(800)(245)
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = = 94.1 𝑘𝑁 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
(1.25) = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
194
Where,
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1}
𝑓𝑢
𝑝1 1 60 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = − = 0.66
3𝑑0 4 3𝑥22 4
𝑒1 40
3𝑑0 3𝑥22
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.61
𝑓𝑢𝑏 800 𝛼𝑏 = 0.61

= = 1.9
𝑓𝑢 430
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5}
𝑑0
2.8𝑥50
− 1.7 = 4.66
22
𝑘1 = 2.5
1.4𝑝2
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5}
𝑑0
1.4𝑥100
− 1.7 = 4.66
22
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.5
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
195
(2.5)(0.61)(800)(20)(10) 𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= × 10−3 = 105 𝑘𝑁
1.25
= 105 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 < 𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 , 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑉𝑅𝑑

= 752.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 8 × 94.1 = 752.8 𝑘𝑁
Connection
Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 752.8 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 165.4 𝑘𝑁 design is
satisfactory
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and bearing resistances
196
Project

6.5 Ahmed AbdelAzim
SYURIALIZA
Column 203×203×127 UKC (C2), S275
Beam 356×171×67 UKB (2/C-D), S275
Beam 2/C-D:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) + 0.7 = 70 𝐾𝑁 × 2 = 140 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 0.5 × 6 × 3) = 22.5 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 45 𝐾𝑁
𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(70) + 1.5(45) = 162 × 2 = 324 𝑘𝑁
197
𝑊
= 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 162 𝑘𝑁
2
324
=
2
= 162 𝑘𝑁
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 233.9 𝑘𝑁
Assumptions:

- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 30 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 30 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 50 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 100 OK!
198
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
𝛼𝑣 = 0.6 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 8.8 = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
(0.6)(800)(245)
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
(1.25)
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1.0}
𝑓𝑢
𝛼𝑏 = 0.45
𝑝1 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = 0.51
3𝑑0 4
199
𝑒1
3𝑑0
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.45
𝑓𝑢𝑏
= 1.8
𝑓𝑢
𝑘1 = 2.1
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.1
𝑑0
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
1.4𝑝2 = 126.7 𝑘𝑁
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.1
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
(2.1)(0.45)(800)(20)(10)
= × 10−3
1.25
𝑉𝑅𝑑
= 126.7 𝑘𝑁 = 376.4 𝑘𝑁
200
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 126.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 4 × 94.1 = 376.4 𝑘𝑁
Connection
design is
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and beraring resistances satisfactory
201
Project LECTURER: PROF. SHAHRIN.
Title CONNECTION DESIGN/ CONNECTION 2 MEZZANINE FLOOR

School of Civil Engineering Ahmed AbdelAzim SYURIALIZA
6.5.2 CONNECTION 2 BEAM TO COLUMN MEZZANINE FLOOR
202
Column 305×305×283 UKC (A1), S275
Beam 457 × 152 × 82 UKB (A/1-2), S275
Beam A/ 1-2:
Rectangular:
𝐺𝑘 = (7.7 × 1.675 × 8.5) + 0.7 = 110.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = (2.5 × 1.675 × 8.5) = 35.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 = 1.35(110.3) + 1.5(35.6) = 202.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐸𝑑
𝑤 202.3 = 101.2 𝑘𝑁
• 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = = = 101.2 𝑘𝑁
2 2
Assumptions:

- Thichness of end-plate, 𝑡𝑝 = 10 𝑚𝑚
- 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢 = 430 𝑁/𝑚2
- 𝑓𝑢𝑏 = 800 𝑁/𝑚2
203
𝑒1 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 40 OK!
𝑒2 1.2𝑑0 = 26.4 4𝑡 + 40 = 164.8 50 OK!
𝑝1 2.2𝑑0 = 48.4 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 60 OK!
𝑝2 2.4𝑑0 = 52.8 14𝑡 = 436.8 > 200 100 OK!
𝛾𝑀2
Where,
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑠 = 245 𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀2 = 1.25
(0.6)(800)(245)
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
(1.25)
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
204
Where,
𝑓𝑢𝑏
𝛼𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝛼𝑑 , , 1.0}
𝑓𝑢
𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑
𝛼𝑑 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛{𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡, 𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡} = 94.1 𝑘𝑁
𝑝1 1
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = − = 0.66
3𝑑0 4
𝑒1
3𝑑0
∴ 𝛼𝑑 = 0.61 𝛼𝑏 = 0.61
𝑓𝑢𝑏
= 1.8
𝑓𝑢
2.8𝑒2
𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
205
1.4𝑝2
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 { − 1.7,2.5} = 2.5
𝑑0
𝑘1 = 2.5
∴ 𝑘1 = 2.5
𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀2
(2.5)(0.61)(800)(20)(10)
= × 10−3
1.25
= 105 𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 105 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑
= 752.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 𝑛 𝐹𝑣,𝐸𝑑 = 8 × 94.1 = 752.8 𝑘𝑁
Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑 = 752.8 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 101.2 𝑘𝑁

Connection
design is
satisfactory
∴ the section is adequate for the shear and beraring resistances
206
Project
Title 7.0 TRUSS DESIGN – ROOF TRUSS
Designed by: Checked by: Date: Page :

7.0 OMAR ZAKARIA
OSAMA ZOHDE
7.0 TRUSS OF THE ROOF DESIGN
Permanent actions on Truss:
1. Load on rood
- Steel sheeting = 0.075 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Isolustion = 0.020 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Fixings = 0.025 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
- Services = 0.100 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Total = 0.220 × 6 × 25 = 0.220 𝑘𝑁
207
2. Purlins (Selfweight) = 0.0758 × 6 × 25 = 11.8 𝑘𝑁
3. Truss (Selfweight) = 0.34 × 6 × 25 = 30.0 𝑘𝑁
∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝐺𝑘 = 74.8 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 9.35 𝑘𝑁

74.8
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = = 9.35 𝑘𝑁
8
𝑉𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑞𝑘 = 0.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑉𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑄𝑘 = 0.6 × 6 × 25 = 90 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 11.25 𝑘𝑁
90
𝑉𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = = 11.25 𝑘𝑁
8
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
= 29.87 𝑘𝑁
= 1.35(9.35) + 1.5(11.25) = 29.87 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 134.42 𝑘𝑁
By using the joint method, the forces of each member are calculated
Top Chord
AB -197.69 Compression
BC -249.66 Compression (Max)
CD -246.01 Compression
DE -221.88 Compression
EF -221.88 Compression
FG -246.01 Compression
GH -246.01 Compression
HI -197.69 Compression
208
Bottom Chord
JK 0 -
KL 193.4 Tension
LM 244.98 Tension (Max)
MN 241.63 Tension
NO 241.63 Tension
OP 244.98 Tension
PQ 193.4 Tension
QR 0 -
Web Members
AJ -134.42 Compression (Max)
AK 203.14 Tension (Max)
BK -65 Compression
BL 57.95 Tension
CL -26.77 Compression
CM -4.13 Compression
DM 3.35 Tension
DN -32.18 Compression
EN 45.2 Tension
FN -32.18 Compression
FO 3.35 Tension
GO -4.13 Compression
GP -26.77 Compression
HP 57.95 Tension
HQ -65 Compression
IQ 203.14 Tension
IR -134.42 Compression
209
Member design
Hollow sections will be used for all members
1. Design of Top Chord
The most critical member is BC: -249.66 kN
L = 3.187m
90×90×8 SHS
(S275)
Consider section 90×90×8 SHS (S275)
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 25.6 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 77.6 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 281 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
• Section Classification
𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
33𝜀 = 30.36
𝑐/𝑡 < 𝜀 ∴ 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
• Cross-section Compression Resistance
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2560)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 704 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
cross-section
resistance is
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (249.66 𝑘𝑁) adequate #
∴ the cross-section resistance is adequate
210
• Member flexural buckling Resistance
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑, 𝐿𝐶𝑟 = 𝐿 = 3187 𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 573.4 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(281 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 573.4 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 31872
𝜆̅ = 1.11
704
𝜆̅ = √ = 1.11
573.4
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
Φ = 1.21
2]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(1.11 − 0.2) + 1.11
= 1.21
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
1 𝜒 = 0.59
=
1.21 + √1.212 − 1.112
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 0.59 ≤ 1.0
= 415.4 𝑘𝑁
211
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.59)(704) = 415.4 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
flexural
𝑁𝐸𝑑 249.66 buckling
= = 0.60 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 415.4 resistance is
adequate #
∴ the flextural buckling resistance is adequate.
2. Design of Bottom Chord
The most critical member is BC: 244.98 kN
L = 3.125m 90×90×8 SHS

(S275)

𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 25.6 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 77.6 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 281 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑐/𝑡 = 4.22 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 30.36
• Cross-section Tension Resistance
212
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑
= 704 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2560)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 704 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (244.98 𝑘𝑁)
and
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
= 633.6 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(704) = 633.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 = 633.6 𝑘𝑁
Thus, use 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 633.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (244.98 𝑘𝑁)

cross-section
resistance is
adequate #
∴ the tension resistance is adequate.
3. Design of Web Members
213
Maximum compression force = -134.42 kN
Maximum tension force = 203.14 kN
𝐿𝑐 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑡 = 3281 𝑚𝑚
80×80×5.0 SHS
(S275)
Consider section 80×80×5.0 SHS (S275)
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 13 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 14.7 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 41.1 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 137 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑐/𝑡 = 13 𝑚𝑚 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
33𝜀 = 30.36
214
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (1470)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 404.3 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
cross-section
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (134.42 𝑘𝑁) resistance is
adequate #
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑, 𝐿𝐶𝑟 = 𝐿𝑐 = 1.0𝑚
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 2839 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(137 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 2839 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 10002
𝜆̅ = 0.38
404.3
𝜆̅ = √ = 0.38
2839
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
215
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.38 − 0.2) + 0.382 ]
Φ = 0.59
= 0.59
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.59 + √0.592 − 0.382 𝜒 = 0.96
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 388.13 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.96)(404.3) = 388.13 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 134.42
= = 0.35 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 388.13
flexural
buckling
resistance is
∴ the flexural buckling resistance is adequate. adequate #
• Cross-section Tension Resistance = 404.3 𝑘𝑁
216
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (1470)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 404.3 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
and 𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
= 363.87 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(404.3) = 363.87 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
= 363.87 𝑘𝑁
Thus, use 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 363.87
cross-section
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (203.14 𝑘𝑁)
resistance is
adequate #
∴ the tension resistance for this member is adequate.
217
Project
LECTURER: PROF.MADYA.DR. SHEK POI NGIAN
Title TRUSS DESIGN – ROOF TRUSS
OMAR ZAKARIA
School of Civil Engineering 7.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH 13/6/2020

7.3.1TRUSS DESIGN
TRUSS OF THE ROOF DESIGN

1. Load on rood
Total = 0.220 × 6 × 25 = 0.220 𝑘𝑁
∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝐺𝑘 = 74.8 𝑘𝑁

74.8
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = = 9.35 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 9.35 𝑘𝑁
8

𝑉𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑄𝑘 = 0.6 × 6 × 25 = 90 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 11.25 𝑘𝑁
90
8
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑

= 1.35(9.35) + 1.5(11.25) = 29.87 𝑘𝑁 = 29.87 𝑘𝑁
By using the joint method, the forces of each member is calculated
Top Chord
218
Bottom Chord
JK 0 -
KL 193.4 Tension
MN 241.63 Tension
NO 241.63 Tension
OP 244.98 Tension
PQ 193.4 Tension
QR 0 -
Web Members
BK -65 Compression
BL 57.95 Tension
DM 3.35 Tension
EN 45.2 Tension
FO 3.35 Tension
HP 57.95 Tension
HQ -65 Compression
IQ 203.14 Tension
Member design
Hollow sections will be used for sll members

L = 3.187m
219
Consider section 90×90×8 SHS (S275) 80×80×3.6 SHS
(S275)
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 25.6 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 77.6 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 281 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 30.36
𝑐/𝑡 < 𝜀 ∴ 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2560)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 704 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (249.66 𝑘𝑁)

cross-section
∴ the cross-section resistance is adequate resistance is
adequate #
• Member flextural buckling Resistance

𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(281 × 104 ) 𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 573.4 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 2 = = 573.4 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 31872
𝜆̅ = 1.11
704
𝜆̅ = √ = 1.11
573.4
220
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(1.11 − 0.2) + 1.112 ]

Φ = 1.21
= 1.21
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆2̅
1
=
1.21 + √1.212 − 1.112 𝜒 = 0.59
= 0.59 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 = 415.4 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.59)(704) = 415.4 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 249.66
= = 0.60 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 415.4 flextural
buckling
resistance is
adequate #
The most critical member is BC: 244.98 kN 80×80×3.6 SHS

L = 3.125m (S275)
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 25.6 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 77.6 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 281 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
221
𝑐/𝑡 = 4.22 𝑚𝑚 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1

33𝜀 = 30.36

= 704 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2560)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 704 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
and
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 = 633.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(704) = 633.6 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
= 633.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (244.98 𝑘𝑁) cross-section

resistance is
adequate #

𝐿𝑐 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑡 = 3281 𝑚𝑚
80×80×5.0 SHS
(S275)
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 13 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 14.7 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
222
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 41.1 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 137 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑐/𝑡 = 13 𝑚𝑚 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
33𝜀 = 30.36
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (1470)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 404.3 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
cross-section
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (134.42 𝑘𝑁) resistance is
adequate #

𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 2839 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(137 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 2839 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 10002 𝜆̅ = 0.38
404.3
𝜆̅ = √ = 0.38
2839
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆2̅ ]
223
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.38 − 0.2) + 0.382 ] Φ = 0.59
= 0.59
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
1 𝜒 = 0.96
=
0.59 + √0.592 − 0.382
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 388.13 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.96)(404.3) = 388.13 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 134.42
= = 0.35 ≤ 1.0 flextural
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 388.13 buckling
resistance is
adequate #
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (1470)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 404.3 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑
𝛾𝑀0 1.0 = 404.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
and = 363.87 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(404.3) = 363.87 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
224
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
Thus, use 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 363.87 = 363.87 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (203.14 𝑘𝑁)

cross-section
resistance is
adequate #
225
Project
LECTURER: PROF.MADYA.DR. SHEK POI NGIAN
omar
School of Civil Engineering 7.3 SYURIALIZA BT 13/6/2020
SUHAIMI

7.3.1TRUSS DESIGN
TRUSS OF THE ROOF DESIGN

7. Load on rood
Total = 0.220 × 6 × 25 = 0.220 𝑘𝑁

74.8
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = = 9.35 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 9.35 𝑘𝑁
8

𝑄𝑘 = 11.25 𝑘𝑁
90
8
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑

= 1.35(9.35) + 1.5(11.25) = 29.87 𝑘𝑁 = 29.87 𝑘𝑁
226
Top Chord
Bottom Chord
JK 0 -
KL 193.4 Tension
MN 241.63 Tension
NO 241.63 Tension
OP 244.98 Tension
PQ 193.4 Tension
QR 0 -
Web Members
BK -65 Compression
BL 57.95 Tension
DM 3.35 Tension
EN 45.2 Tension
FO 3.35 Tension
HP 57.95 Tension
HQ -65 Compression
IQ 203.14 Tension
Member design
227
L = 3.187m
Consider section 90×90×8 SHS (S275) 80×80×3.6 SHS

(S275)
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 25.6 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 77.6 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 281 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 30.36
𝑐/𝑡 < 𝜀 ∴ 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2560)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 704 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (249.66 𝑘𝑁)

cross-section
∴ the cross-section resistance is adequate resistance is
adequate #

𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(281 × 104 ) 𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 573.4 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 2 = = 573.4 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 31872
𝜆̅ = 1.11
228
704
𝜆̅ = √ = 1.11
573.4
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]

Φ = 1.21
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(1.11 − 0.2) + 1.112 ]
= 1.21
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
𝜒 = 0.59
1
=
1.21 + √1.212 − 1.112
= 0.59 ≤ 1.0 𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑

= 415.4 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.59)(704) = 415.4 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
flextural
𝑁𝐸𝑑 249.66 buckling
= = 0.60 ≤ 1.0 resistance is
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 415.4
adequate #
11. Design of Bottom Chord 80×80×3.6 SHS

(S275)
L = 3.125m
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 8.25 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 25.6 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
229
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 77.6 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 281 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
• Section Classification 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝑐/𝑡 = 4.22 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 30.36
= 704 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2560)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 704 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
and = 633.6 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(704) = 633.6 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
𝛾𝑀0 = 633.6 𝑘𝑁
Thus, use 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 633.6 𝑘𝑁 cross-section

resistance is
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (244.98 𝑘𝑁) adequate #

80×80×5.0 SHS
𝐿𝑐 = 1000 𝑚𝑚 (S275)
𝐿𝑡 = 3281 𝑚𝑚
230
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 13 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 14.7 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 41.1 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 137 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
• Section Classification 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝑐/𝑡 = 13 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 30.36
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (1470)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 404.3 𝑘𝑁 cross-section
𝛾𝑀0 1.0 resistance is
adequate #
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (134.42 𝑘𝑁)

𝐴𝑓𝑦 𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 2839 𝑘𝑁

𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜆̅ = 0.38
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(137 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 2839 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 10002
404.3
𝜆̅ = √ = 0.38
2839
231
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆2̅ ] Φ = 0.59
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.38 − 0.2) + 0.382 ]
= 0.59
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2 𝜒 = 0.96
1
=
0.59 + √0.592 − 0.382
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 0.96 ≤ 1.0 = 388.13 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.96)(404.3) = 388.13 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 flextural
buckling
𝑁𝐸𝑑 134.42 resistance is
= = 0.35 ≤ 1.0 adequate #
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 388.13
• Cross-section Tension Resistance 𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑

= 404.3 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (1470)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 404.3 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (203.14 𝑘𝑁) 𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑

= 363.87 𝑘𝑁
and
232
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
𝐴𝑓𝑦 = 363.87 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(404.3) = 363.87 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
cross-section
Thus, use 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = 363.87 resistance is
adequate #
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (203.14 𝑘𝑁)
233
Project
AHMED ABDELAZIM
7.0 TRUSS DESIGN
7.4.1 TRUSS OF THE ROOF DESIGN

4. Load on rood
Total = 0.22 × 6 × 25 = 33 𝑘𝑁
6. Truss (Selfweight) = 0.34 × 6 × 25 = 51 𝑘𝑁

95.37
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = = 9.35 𝑘𝑁 𝐺𝑘 = 11.92𝑘𝑁
8
234
𝑉𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑄𝑘 = 0.6 × 6 × 25 = 90 𝑘𝑁 𝑄𝑘 = 11.25 𝑘𝑁
90
8
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑊 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑

= 32.97 𝑘𝑁
= 1.35(11.92) + 1.5(11.25) = 32.97 𝑘𝑁
By using the joint method, the forces of each member are calculated
Top Chord
Bottom Chord
JK 0 -
KL 193.4 Tension
MN 241.63 Tension
NO 241.63 Tension
OP 244.98 Tension
PQ 193.4 Tension
QR 0 -
Web Members
BK -65 Compression
BL 57.95 Tension
DM 3.35 Tension
EN 45.2 Tension
235
FO 3.35 Tension
HP 57.95 Tension
HQ -65 Compression
IQ 203.14 Tension
Member design
Hollow sections will be used for all members

100x100x8 SHS
The most critical member is BC: -249.66 kN (S275)
L = 3.187m

From property
table 𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 9.5𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 28.8 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 98.2 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 400 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
Table 5.2 EN
𝑐/𝑡 = 9.5 𝑚𝑚
1993-1-
33𝜀 = 33(0.92) = 30.36
1:2005 𝑐
< 33𝜀
𝑡 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
∴ 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2880)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 792 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
cross-section
resistance is
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (249.66 𝑘𝑁)
236
adequate #

𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(400 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 815.4 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 815.4 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 31872
𝜆̅ = 0.98
792
𝜆̅ = √ = 0.98
815.4
𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 a, 𝛼 = 0.21
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.98 − 0.2) + 0.982 ]
= 1.06
Φ = 1.06
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
1.06 + √1.062 − 0.982
= 0.68 ≤ 1.0 𝜒 = 0.68
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (792)
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.68) = 538.6 𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
𝛾𝑀0 1 = 538.6𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 249.66
= = 0.46 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 538.6
237
∴ the flextural buckling resistance is adequate. flexural
buckling
resistance is
adequate #

L = 3.125m
Consider section 100×100×8 SHS (S275) 100×100×8

𝑁 SHS (S275)
From property 𝐸 = 210000 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 9.5𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 28.8 𝑐𝑚2 ,
table
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 98.2 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 400 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑐/𝑡 = 9.5 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 33(0.92) = 30.36
Table 5.2 EN 𝑐
1993-1- < 33𝜀
𝑡
1:2005
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2880)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 792 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 792𝑘𝑁
and
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(792) = 712.8 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
= 712.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (244.98 𝑘𝑁)
238
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
∴ the tension resistance is adequate. = 712.8 𝑘𝑁
cross-section
resistance is
adequate #

𝐿𝑐 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑡 = 3281 𝑚𝑚
100×100×8
Consider section 100×100×8 SHS (S275) SHS (S275)
𝑁
From property 𝐸 = 210000 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 9.5𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 28.8 𝑐𝑚2 ,
table
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 98.2 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 400 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑐/𝑡 = 9.5 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 33(0.92) = 30.36
Table 5.2 EN 𝑐
1993-1- < 33𝜀
𝑡
1:2005 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2880)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 792 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 = (134.42 𝑘𝑁)

cross-section
resistance is
239
adequate #

𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(400 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 8282 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 10002
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 8282 𝑘𝑁
792
𝜆̅ = √ = 0.31
8282 𝜆̅ = 0.31
𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 a, 𝛼 = 0.21
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.31 − 0.2) + 0.312 ]
= 0.56
1 Φ = 0.56
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
1
=
0.56 + √0.562 − 0.312
= 0.97 ≤ 1.0
𝜒 = 0.97
𝐴𝑓𝑦 792
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.97) = 768.2𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 768.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝐸𝑑 134.42
= = 0.17 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 768.2
∴ the flextural buckling resistance is adequate. flextural

buckling
resistance is
240
adequate #
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2880)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 792 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0

𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 792𝑘𝑁
and
𝐴𝑓𝑦 𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(792) = 712.8 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 = 712.8 𝑘𝑁

𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
= 712.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (203.14 𝑘𝑁)
∴ the tension resistance for this member is adequate. cross-section

resistance is
adequate #
241
Project STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN – SKAB3323/ 03

Ahmed AbdelAzim SYURIALIZA
7.5.0 TRUSS DESIGN
7.5.1 TRUSS OF THE ROOF DESIGN
7. Load on rood
Total = 0.220 × 6 × 25 = 0.220 𝑘𝑁
242
74.8
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = = 9.35 𝑘𝑁
8
90
8
𝐺𝑘 = 9.35 𝑘𝑁
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
= 1.35(9.35) + 1.5(11.25) = 29.87 𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝑘 = 11.25 𝑘𝑁
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
= 29.87 𝑘𝑁
Top Chord
243
Bottom Chord
JK 0 -
KL 193.4 Tension
MN 241.63 Tension
NO 241.63 Tension
OP 244.98 Tension
PQ 193.4 Tension
QR 0 -
Web Members
BK -65 Compression
BL 57.95 Tension
DM 3.35 Tension
EN 45.2 Tension
244
FO 3.35 Tension
HP 57.95 Tension
HQ -65 Compression
IQ 203.14 Tension
Member design
L = 3.187m
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 7 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 22.4 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 59.5 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 189 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
245
𝑐
= 7𝑚𝑚
𝑡
33𝜀 = 30.36
80×80×8 SHS
• Cross-section Compression Resistance (S275)
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2240)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 616 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (249.66 𝑘𝑁)
• Member flextural buckling Resistance 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1

246
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(189 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 385.7 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 31872
616 cross-section
𝜆̅ = √ = 1.26
385.7 resistance is
adequate #
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ]
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(1.26 − 0.2) + 1.262 ]
= 1.41
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
1 𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 385.7 𝑘𝑁
=
1.41 + √1.412 − 1.262
= 0.49 ≤ 1.0
𝜆̅ = 1.26
247
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.49)(616) = 301.84 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 249.66
= = 0.83 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 301.84
Φ = 1.41
L = 3.125m
𝑁
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 7 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 22.4 𝑐𝑚2 , 𝜒 = 0.49
𝑚𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 59.5 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 189 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 301.84 𝑘𝑁
248
𝑐/𝑡 = 7 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 30.36
flextural
buckling
resistance is
adequate #
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2240)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 616 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
80×80×8 SHS
(S275)
and
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(616) = 554.4 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (244.98 𝑘𝑁)
∴ the tension resistance is adequate. 𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑

= 616 𝑘𝑁
249
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
𝐿𝑐 = 1000 𝑚𝑚 = 554.4 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑡 = 3281 𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
= 554.4 𝑘𝑁
cross-section
𝑁 resistance is
𝐸 = 210000 , 𝑐/𝑡 = 7 𝑚𝑚, 𝐴 = 22.4 𝑐𝑚2 ,
𝑚𝑚2 adequate #
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 = 59.5 𝑐𝑚3 , 𝐼 = 189 𝑐𝑚4 , 𝜀 = 0.92
80×80×8 SHS
(S275)
𝑐/𝑡 = 7 𝑚𝑚
33𝜀 = 30.36
250
• Cross-section Compression Resistance 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2240)(275)
𝑁𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 616 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (134.42 𝑘𝑁)

cross-section
resistance is
∴ the cross-section resistance is adequate adequate #

𝐴𝑓𝑦 𝑁𝑐𝑟
𝜆̅ = √
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = 3917.2𝑘𝑁
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (210000)(189 × 104 )
𝑁𝑐𝑟 = = = 3917.2 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑐𝑟 2 10002 𝜆̅ = 0.4
616
𝜆̅ = √ = 0.4
3917.2
Φ = 0.6
251
Φ = 0.5[1 + 𝛼(𝜆̅ − 0.2) + 𝜆̅2 ] 𝜒 = 0.95
= 0.5[1 + 0.21(0.4 − 0.2) + 0.42 ]
= 0.6 𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑
= 585.2 𝑘𝑁
1
𝜒= ≤ 1.0 flextural
Φ + √Φ2 − 𝜆̅2
buckling
resistance is
adequate #
1
=
0.6 + √0.62 − 0.42
= 616 𝑘𝑁
= 0.95 ≤ 1.0
𝐴𝑓𝑦
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = 𝜒 = (0.95)(616) = 585.2 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝐸𝑑 134.42
= = 0.23 ≤ 1.0
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 585.2

𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑
• Cross-section Tension Resistance = 554.4 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓𝑦 (2240)(275)
𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = = × 10−3 = 616 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0 1.0
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑
= 554.4 𝑘𝑁
and cross-section
resistance is
252
𝐴𝑓𝑦 adequate #
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = (0.9) = (0.9)(616) = 554.4 𝑘𝑁
𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 > 𝑁𝐸𝑑 (203.14 𝑘𝑁)
253
8.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, each and every one of our group was able to complete the required tasks, 2
beams, 2 columns, 2 connections and one truss. All group members have ensured that the designs
were up to the standards by checking all the designs were correctly referred to Eurocode 3 BS
EN 1993 Part 1-1 and Eurocode 3 BS EN 1993 Part 1-8. Each one of our group has participated
in making this report and helping each other understand the designs. We learnt from this project
that the steel designs are much faster than the concrete designs in calculations and in
construction. Steel structure has an aesthetic appeal and high strength.
254

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_____________________________________________________________________________________

STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN / SKAB 3323 - 03

Lecturer: Prof. Dr. SHAHRIN MOHAMMAD

Prof. Madya Dr. SHEK POI NGIAN

5-STOREY OFFICE BUILDING STEEL DESIGN

OMAR ZAKARIA EL KAYAL – A17KA4006

AHMED ABDELAZIM FOAUD – A17KA0236

OSAMA ZOHDE EL TANAHI – A17KA0238

SYURIALIZA BINTI SUHAIMI – A17KA0215

DIYANA HAZIERAH BINTI ABDULLAH -A17KA0029

1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1

2.0 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 2

3.0 DRAWINGS........................................................................................................................... 3-10

- 3.1 2D STRUCTURE LATOUT……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-8

4.0 BEAM DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 11-61

4.1 OMAR ZAKARIA (Ground Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11-20

- 4.1.1 BEAM 1 (1.1/C1-D)

4.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH (First Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21-32

- 4.2.1 BEAM 1 (3/B-C)

4.3 SYURIALIZA (Second Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33-40

- 4.3.1 BEAM 1 (A/1-2)

4.4 OSAMA ZOHDE (Third Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41-49

- 4.4.1 BEAM 1 (C/1-2)

4.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM (MEZZANINE Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………… 50-61

- 4.5.1 BEAM 1 (2/C-D) >> FIRST FLOOR

5.1 OMAR ZAKARIA (Ground Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 62-84

- 5.1.1 COLUMN 1 (C4)

5.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH (First Floor) ……………………………………………………………………………………….……… 85-113

- 5.2.1 COLUMN 1 (B4)

5.3 SYURIALIZA (Second Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 114-125

- 5.3.1 COLUMN 1 (D1)

5.4 OSAMA ZOHDE (Third Floor) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 126-141

- 5.4.1 COLUMN 1 (C3)

5.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM (MEZZANINE Floor) …………………...…………………………………………………….……142-161

- 5.5.1 COLUMN 1 (C2)

6.0 CONNECTION DESIGN ................................................................................................... 162-206

6.1 OMAR ZAKARIA (Ground Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………….162-170

- 6.1.1 COLUMN 1 (Beam B/ 1-2 to Column B1)

6.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH (First Floor) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 171-182

- 6.2.1 COLUMN 1 (Beam B/ 3-4 to Column B4)

6.3 SYURIALIZA (Second Floor) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………183-188

- 6.3.1 COLUMN 1 (B/1)

- 6.4.1 COLUMN 1 (C1), BEAM (C/1-2)

6.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM (MEZZANINE FLOOR) …………………………………………………………………………… 197-206

- 6.5.1 COLUMN 1 (C2), BEAM (2/C-D)

7.0 TRUSS DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 207-253

7.1 OMAR ZAKARIA ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 207-217

- 7.1.1 ROOF TRUSS

7.2 DIYANA HAZIERAH ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 218-225

- 7.2.1 ROOF TRUSS

7.3 SYURIALIZA………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 226-233

- 7.3.1 ROOF TRUSS

7.4 OSAMA ZOHDE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 234-241

- 7.4.1 ROOF TRUSS

7.5 AHMED ABDELAZIM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 242-253

- 7.5.1 ROOF TRUSS

8.0 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 254

Title 4.0 BEAM DESIGN - GROUND FLOOR BEAM 1 (1.1/C1-D)

Designed by: Checked by: Date: Page:

4.1 OMAR ZAKARIA

Reference Calculation Output

4.1.1 BEAM 1 GROUND FLOOR (1.1/ C1-D):

Calc. Design load Assumptions:

𝑞𝑘 = 2.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 (𝑂𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒)