Project Report Of Power Elctronics

Submitted To:

Sir Shahid Latif

Submitted By:

Shahzeb Saqib (16-EE-105)

Mohammed Omer(16-EE-065)

Zain ul abideen (16-EE-097)

Mohammed Naeem(15-EE-042)

Sec-D

June 18, 2019

Project Name:

Design and implementation of dc to dc converter

Objectives:

 Step up voltages
 Step down voltages

Components Used :

 Arduino Uno
 lcd
 IRF540N
 Inductor(100Uh)
 Capacitor (100uf)
 Schottky Diode
 Push buttons
 10k, 100ohm Resistor
 Load
 12v Battery

Project Description:
Working:
Long Transmission Lines:
A buck converter is a step down dc-dc converterconsisting primarily of inductor and two
switches .generally a transistor switch and diode for controlling.
The freewheeling diode D conducts due to energy stored in the inductor; and the inductor current
continues to flow through inductor (L), capacitor (C), load and diode (D). The inductor current
falls until transistor S is switched on again in the next cycle.

figure 1: waveform of voltage and current of buck converter

Circuit diagram :

Figure 2: Circuit diagram of buck converter

Code :

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

int adc_value = 0 ; // Define int adc_value as global variable

float voltages = 0.0 ; // Define float voltages as global variable

int duty = 0;

const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;

LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);

void read_voltages_duty_cycle(void){

adc_value = analogRead(A4);

voltages = (adc_value * (12.125/1023.0));

duty = (voltages/12)*100;

}
void lcd_display(void){

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("Voltages:");

lcd.setCursor(11,0);

lcd.print(voltages);

lcd.print("V");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Duty Cycle:");

lcd.setCursor(11,1);

lcd.print(duty);

lcd.print("%");

int uppin=2;

int downpin=3;

int outputpin=6;

int pwmvalue=0;

void setup()

lcd.begin(16,2);

pinMode(2,INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(3,INPUT_PULLUP);

pinMode(9,OUTPUT);

pinMode(A1,INPUT);

void loop()
{

read_voltages_duty_cycle();

lcd_display();

if(digitalRead(2)==LOW)

pwmvalue=pwmvalue+5;

digitalWrite(2,HIGH);

if(digitalRead(3)==LOW)

pwmvalue=pwmvalue-5;

digitalWrite(3,HIGH);

delay(100);

if(pwmvalue>255)

pwmvalue=255;

else if(pwmvalue<0)

pwmvalue=0;

analogWrite(9,pwmvalue);

Schematic diagram
 Figure 3: complete circuit diagram

Inductor selection:

Lc=(1-k)R/2f

Capacitor selection:
Vc= Vsk(1-k)/8LCf2

Applications of buck converter:

 Battery chargers
 Solar chargers
 Power audio amplifiers
 Quadcopters