AutoPIPE Tutorial PDF

AutoPIPE
CONNECT v11.4
Tutorial
Last Updated: June 29, 2018
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warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties or merchantability and
fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to the software, the accompanying written materials, and any
accompanying hardware. All results should be verified to the user's satisfaction. The contents of these written
materials may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors and may be revised without prior notice.
AutoPIPE 2 Tutorial
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................... 8
Overview........................................................................................................................................................ 8
Feature Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Properties and Component Libraries ..................................................................................................... 9
Hanger Design ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Structural Modeling in AutoPIPE............................................................................................................ 9
Non-Linear Analysis Options ................................................................................................................. 9
Local Stress Calculations ...................................................................................................................... 9
Finite Element Theory.......................................................................................................................... 10
Dynamic Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 10
Post Processing ................................................................................................................................... 10
Piping Code Compliance ..................................................................................................................... 10
CAD Interfaces .................................................................................................................................... 11
Advanced Capabilities for Varied Piping Environments ....................................................................... 11
New Features in AutoPIPE CONNECT v11.4 .............................................................................................. 11
AutoPIPE vs. AutoPIPE Advanced vs. AutoPIPE Nuclear ........................................................................... 12
Maximum Defined Static and Dynamic Load Cases ............................................................................ 14
Additional CAE Integrated Analysis and Design Ancillary Products..................................................... 14
System Requirements ................................................................................................................................. 15
Release Notes ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Technical Support and Services .................................................................................................................. 15
Technical Support ................................................................................................................................ 15
Select Services Online......................................................................................................................... 16
Select Privileges .................................................................................................................................. 16
Around-the-Clock Technical Support ................................................................................................... 16
Services ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Documentation Conventions........................................................................................................................ 17
Basic Concepts ................................................................................................................. 18

Using the Help ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Basic Concepts Overview ............................................................................................................................ 19
Starting AutoPIPE ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Loading a Model .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Defining a New Model.......................................................................................................................... 20
Loading an Existing Model................................................................................................................... 22
AutoPIPE 3 Tutorial
Interface....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Screen Layout ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Dialogs................................................................................................................................................. 24
Ribbon Structure .................................................................................................................................. 26
Hotkeys................................................................................................................................................ 26
AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts ..................................................................................................................... 26
Understanding Pipe Segments ............................................................................................................ 26
Graphical Element ............................................................................................................................... 29
Understanding the Active Point............................................................................................................ 30
Modification of Piping Geometry .......................................................................................................... 31
Basic Tasks ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Executing a Command ........................................................................................................................ 31
Selecting Points and Components ....................................................................................................... 32
Inserting a Point or Component ........................................................................................................... 32
Modifying Points or Components ......................................................................................................... 32
Deleting Points or Components ........................................................................................................... 32
Selecting a Range (Creating a Selection Set)...................................................................................... 32
Creating a New Model ...................................................................................................... 34

Overview...................................................................................................................................................... 34
Creating a New System ............................................................................................................................... 35
Routing Segment A...................................................................................................................................... 38
Routing from the Anchor to the Tee ..................................................................................................... 40
Adding a Tee ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Adjusting the View and Completing the Segment ................................................................................ 49
Routing Segment B...................................................................................................................................... 52
Editing Controls ................................................................................................................................... 55
Creating New Points and Using the Copy/Paste Commands .............................................................. 58
Scaling, Moving, and Stretching .......................................................................................................... 61
Inserting a Support .............................................................................................................................. 66
Chapter Review ........................................................................................................................................... 69
What’s Next ................................................................................................................................................. 70
Modifying Properties ........................................................................................................ 71

Overview...................................................................................................................................................... 71
Using the Ribbon Method to Modify Pipe Properties ................................................................................... 71
Make a Copy of the Tutorial Model ...................................................................................................... 71
Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier .................................................................................................... 71
Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier .................................................................................................... 72
AutoPIPE 4 Tutorial
Modifying Pipe Properties Across a Range ......................................................................................... 73
Modifying Pressure and Temperature Loads ....................................................................................... 74
Using the Input Grids to Modify Pipe Properties .......................................................................................... 75
Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier (Input Grids) ............................................................................... 75
Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier (Input Grids) ............................................................................... 75
Modifying Pressure and Temperature Loads (Input Grids) .................................................................. 76
Graphically Reviewing Pressure and Temperature Loads ........................................................................... 77
Reviewing Point Properties.......................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter Review ........................................................................................................................................... 83
What’s Next? ............................................................................................................................................... 84
Loads, Analysis, and Results .......................................................................................... 85

Overview...................................................................................................................................................... 85
Assigning Loads .......................................................................................................................................... 85
Drag and Drop Insertion of Concentrated Load ................................................................................... 85
Assigning Thermal Displacements to the Anchors............................................................................... 87
Assigning Static Earthquake Loads ..................................................................................................... 88
Perform a Static Analysis............................................................................................................................. 89
To Define a Static Analysis .................................................................................................................. 89
To Perform a Static Analysis ............................................................................................................... 90
Graphical Review of Code Stresses ............................................................................................................ 90
Displaying Load Combinations .................................................................................................................... 92
User Defined Load Combinations ................................................................................................................ 93
More Non-Code Combinations .................................................................................................................... 94
Interactive Review ....................................................................................................................................... 97
Design Change ............................................................................................................................................ 99
Chapter Review ......................................................................................................................................... 103
Output Reports ............................................................................................................... 104

Overview.................................................................................................................................................... 104
Selection of Output Results ....................................................................................................................... 104
Generating the Report ............................................................................................................................... 105
Reviewing the Report ................................................................................................................................ 105
Closing the Report ..................................................................................................................................... 106
AutoPIPE 5 Tutorial
Chapter Review ......................................................................................................................................... 106
What’s Next ............................................................................................................................................... 106
Creating and Connecting Segments ............................................................................. 107

Importing a PXF File .................................................................................................................................. 107
Reviewing AutoPLANT Data ...................................................................................................................... 110
To Select Line Number L100 ............................................................................................................. 110
To View AutoPLANT Valve Data ....................................................................................................... 111
Converting a Run Point to a Tee ............................................................................................................... 111
To Convert a Run Point to a Tee ....................................................................................................... 112
Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility ............................................................................................................................ 113
To Define Nozzle Flexibility ............................................................................................................... 113
Creating a New Disconnected Segment .................................................................................................... 114
Connecting to Another Segment ................................................................................................................ 117
To Connect to Another Segment ....................................................................................................... 117
Chapter Review ......................................................................................................................................... 119
What’s Next ............................................................................................................................................... 119
Viewing Options.............................................................................................................. 120

View Controls Overview............................................................................................................................. 120
Solid Model View ....................................................................................................................................... 120
Vector View ............................................................................................................................................... 122
Chapter Review ......................................................................................................................................... 124
What’s Next? ............................................................................................................................................. 124
Creating and Inserting a Frame Model .......................................................................... 125

Frame Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 125
Creating a New AutoPIPE Frame Model ................................................................................................... 125
Adding Anchors to the Frame .................................................................................................................... 130
Viewing the Frame Model .......................................................................................................................... 131
Inserting the Frame into a Model ............................................................................................................... 132
Opening the Piping System ............................................................................................................... 132
Inserting Multiple Run Points ............................................................................................................. 133
Automatic Renumbering .................................................................................................................... 134
AutoPIPE 6 Tutorial
Selecting Support Points ................................................................................................................... 135
Inserting an AutoPIPE Model ............................................................................................................. 135
Connecting the Frame to Pipe ................................................................................................................... 136
Chapter Review ......................................................................................................................................... 140
What’s Next? ............................................................................................................................................. 141
Analysis and Results...................................................................................................... 142

Perform a Static Analysis........................................................................................................................... 142
To Define a Static Analysis ................................................................................................................ 142
To Perform a Static Analysis ............................................................................................................. 144
Code Combinations Overview ................................................................................................................... 144
Defining Combination Options ................................................................................................................... 144
Reviewing Interactive Displacement Results ............................................................................................. 145
Reviewing Displacement Results (Result Grid) ......................................................................................... 146
Applying Result Filter Criteria .................................................................................................................... 147
Selecting Combinations ............................................................................................................................. 148
Rotating Equipment Compliance ............................................................................................................... 150
Reviewing Code Stress Results ................................................................................................................ 151
Reviewing Code Stress Results (Result Grids).......................................................................................... 153
Chapter Review ......................................................................................................................................... 155
AutoPIPE 7 Tutorial
1
Introduction
AutoPIPE is a stand-alone computer aided engineering (CAE) program for calculation of piping stresses,
flange analysis, pipe support design, and equipment nozzle loading analysis under static and dynamic loading
conditions. In addition to 30 piping codes, AutoPIPE incorporates ASME, European, British Standard, API,
NEMA, ANSI, ASCE, AISC, UBC, and WRC guidelines and design limits to provide a comprehensive
analysis of the entire system. AutoPIPE V8i is available for Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7 and can be
licensed across networks.
There are three editions of AutoPIPE: Standard, Advanced, and Nuclear. The Advanced version offers
several advanced analysis capabilities not available in the standard version which are detailed later in this
chapter. The nuclear edition includes all Advanced features, nuclear ASME in class 1,2,3, JSME PPC Nuclear
and thermal transient analysis. A KHK2 add-on option is also available for the Advanced version that allows
use of the Japanese KHK Level 2 piping code in addition to all the features of the Advanced version.
AutoPIPE is a proven, well-established program that has been commercially available since 1986.
AutoPIPE’s rigorous quality assurance practices have withstood numerous on-site audits, making AutoPIPE
one of the few PC based piping programs approved for use in nuclear safety applications.
Overview
Developed to meet the needs of companies involved in industrial piping system design, AutoPIPE utilizes
Windows-standard commands, object oriented graphics technology, and CAD interfaces to enable users to
create, modify, and review piping and structural models and their results quickly and easily.
A graphical representation of the model is displayed as it is being developed, providing instant visual
feedback. AutoPIPE performs extensive error checking as the data is being entered and alerts the user if the
model does not comply with the regulatory standards of piping design.
Using AutoPIPE’s object oriented graphical select options, users can insert, delete, or modify pipe properties,
supports, or offsets across an entire range of points with one command. Graphical selection of ranges is also
used for cut, copy, & paste operations.
AutoPIPE 8 Tutorial
Introduction
Feature Summary
Feature Summary
Properties and Component Libraries
AutoPIPE contains a comprehensive and extensible library of material properties and piping & structural
components including pipes, reducers, tees, valves, flanges, beams, flexible connectors and other items.
Supports include: anchors, spring and constant force hangers, one-way restraints, limit stops, guides, snubbers
and tie-rods.
The material library includes temperature dependent properties and code dependent allowables. AutoPIPE
provides component libraries for ASME/ANSI, JIS, DIN, and Nordic standards.
Hanger Design
AutoPIPE performs spring hanger design for one or more operating conditions. The program selects hangers
from a customizable manufacturer's library, which includes: Grinnell, Bergen-Patterson, Lisega, NPS, and
others.
Structural Modeling in AutoPIPE

AutoPIPE provides built-in structural analysis with beam elements to enable users to consider the mass and
flexibility of structural supports as part of their piping analysis. AutoPIPE provides structural modeling
options for user specified beta angles to orient beam local cross-section axes with global axes, rigid end
lengths to account for the connectivity of end points to other members in the structural system, and end
releases to model pinned connections. AutoPIPE’s unique two point support elements allow the user to
define the connection between pipe and structural steel using gaps and friction at the same point if required.
The AISC structural library with cross sectional properties and a database of properties of commonly used
structural steel materials is included within AutoPIPE. Users can easily define their own beam elements and
steel materials to model beam elements not included in the AutoPIPE’s database.
Frame structures are created and modified in interactive mode using AutoPIPE’s graphical interface. In this
manner, users can graphically copy, paste, or modify structures with one operation using AutoPIPE’s
graphical select options or by clicking on a particular beam element.
Non-Linear Analysis Options

AutoPIPE provides directional supports, gaps, friction, bilinear spring supports and nonlinear buried pipeline
analysis. Users can specify both gaps and friction at a support point to simulate real world boundary
conditions. AutoPIPE provides 2-point restraint functionality to define tie rods with gaps, pipe/structure
interaction, and other connectivity between any 2 points in the system.
AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for nonlinear load sequencing. Users can, for example, specify that
wind, seismic, or other occasional loads are analyzed in sequence immediately after the gravity load or specify
that the occasional loads are analyzed after thermal. In this manner, users can accurately calculate loads and
stresses for occasional loads acting on the operating position of the piping or the ambient position of the
piping. Load sequencing options also allow the user to calculate gravity and thermal loads using nonlinear
analysis and seismic loads using linear analysis (as recommended by UBC and other design standards) in the
same run.
Local Stress Calculations

AutoPIPE provides a link to WinNOZL for calculations of local shell stresses per British Standard 5500,
Welding Research Council bulletin 107, 297, and 368, using stress allowables and load combinations as
specified by ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 and 2. Various piping load combinations on tanks can be examined in
accordance with the API 650 code.
AutoPIPE 9 Tutorial
Introduction
Feature Summary
Further, AutoPIPE provides unique options for hillside nozzles and reinforcing pad calculations. These are
available for cylinders, spheres, cones, semi-ellipses, and torispheres. The automatic importing of AutoPIPE
piping loads saves time and minimizes user errors.
Finite Element Theory

AutoPIPE is a finite element program used to analyze piping and structural systems subjected to static and
dynamic loads. Use of intelligent defaults allows the user to analyze complex systems without in-depth
knowledge of finite element theory.
Dynamic Analysis
Dynamic analysis capabilities include mode shapes and natural frequencies, response spectra, phased
harmonic load analysis, time history dynamic analysis and force spectra analysis. For modal analysis,
AutoPIPE can automatically insert mass points along elements. Missing mass and zero period acceleration
may be applied in dynamic analysis. AutoPIPE satisfies NUREG/CR-1677 benchmark problems and
provides built-in NRC spectra, seismic anchor movements, and code case N411 capability.
AutoPIPE provides built-in fluid transient synthesizers for calculation of waterhammer, steamhammer, and
relief valve forces, which are integrated with time history dynamic analysis, and special thermal bowing
analysis for partially hot filled liquid pipelines. Utilizing the Bentley PULS program, users can calculate flow
induced vibrations, or pulsations associated with reciprocating equipment, and automatically transfer those
harmonic loads directly into AutoPIPE to calculate dynamic piping responses.
Post Processing
After analyzing a system, users can click on the graphics model to instantly view stresses, loads, deflections, or
mode shapes at any point. Color coded stresses, animated vibrations, and pop-up windows enable the
engineer to more quickly identify and investigate critical areas without having to review a voluminous amount
of batch output data.
Output report options allow users to pick and choose which reports to generate, with or without filters, for
on-screen review or printing. Code stress combinations are performed automatically. Unique filter options
allow the user to generate custom output reports based on user-defined stress, deflection, or load criteria.
AutoPIPE enables users to analyze multiple thermal, wind, seismic, wave, and dynamic loads all in one
analysis with Min/Max load summaries.
Using AutoPIPE’s graphical select options, users can graphically select points to be included in the output
report. As an example, a user could generate an output report for only 2 points in a 1,000 point model.
Piping Code Compliance

AutoPIPE checks and generates code compliance reports for the following piping codes:
• ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8
• ASME Section III Class 1, 2, 3
• European EN13480
• Canadian CAN/CSA – Z662
• B31.4 Offshore
• B31.8 Offshore
• CSA-Z662 Offshore
• British Standards BS 806 and BS 7159 (GRP Piping Code)
• Swedish Piping Code (SPC), Method 2
• Norwegian Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and TBK 5-6
AutoPIPE 10 Tutorial
Introduction
New Features in AutoPIPE CONNECT v11.4
• Dutch Stoomwezen D1101

• Japanese MITI 501, Class 3 piping, Japanese General Fire Protection code and Japanese KHK
• French RCC-M and SNCT
• SNiP 2.05.06-85 Oil & Gas Code
• ISO 14692 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Glass-Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Piping
CAD Interfaces
AutoPIPE can import CAD piping models from Bentley AutoPLANT, Bentley PlantSpace and Intergraph
PDS plant design systems.
AutoPIPE can export models back into AutoPLANT or export models in DXF format into AutoCAD or
MicroStation. Import and export of piping models between CAD and AutoPIPE can save man-hours in the
creation and checking of piping and structural models and prevent errors associated with manual entry of
piping models.
Advanced Capabilities for Varied Piping Environments

AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for underground and subsea pipeline analysis, dynamic loading,
nonlinear restraints, and orthotropic piping analysis. Following is a summary of advanced AutoPIPE
capabilities:
Built-in wave loading, buried pipeline analysis, pipe/structure interaction, calculation of local stresses, thermal
bowing analysis, time history dynamic analysis, fluid transient synthesizers, gaps & friction, relief valve load
calculator, FRP/GRP pipe analysis, jacketed piping, 30 piping codes.
New Features in AutoPIPE CONNECT v11.4

The following outline identifies new features and enhancements in the AutoPIPE CONNECT Edition
version 11.4:
• Analysis
• Flange Analysis
o The allowable value for flange allowable stresses is now determined by the attached
piping materials / piping code.
o A warning is now issued when the calculated Bsc exceeds 1 and is not included in
calculations.
o An option has been added to substitute "B1" for the inside diameter of flange "B".
o The flange analysis workflow has been updated to perform automatic ANSI checks
for all flanges in the model.
o External flange loads are now included in determining bolt stresses.
• Library
• The Vendor Valve catalogs are now certified for commercial consumption.
• General
• The Vendor Valve catalogs are now certified for commercial consumption.
• Reports
• A new check has been implemented to verify the selection of points before running a report
that limits results to selected node points.
• Export SQLite DB Input and Output Reports [Technology Preview]
Introduction
AutoPIPE vs. AutoPIPE Advanced vs. AutoPIPE Nuclear
o Users now have more power to create data reports with the information that is
important to their teams with the new SQLite DB export capability and a custom
report manager.
• AutoPIPE Report Manager [Technology Preview]
o The query designer can be used to export custom reports to Excel with charts and
pivot tables.
o Detailed hanger listing reports can be generated to assist in the purchase and
installation of piping supports.
• Interoperability
• Stress Isometrics with Open Plant Isometrics Manager (OPIM)
o Separate support and anchor tags are now available to control the information to
print on isometrics.
o The default acronym for non-standard Pipe has been changed to avoid confusion
with Nominal Pipe Size.
• Read/write controls have been added to Integrated Structural Model (ISM) for better
integration with Structural Analysis and Plant Design products. [Technology Preview]
• All Piping Codes and Material Libraries have been added to the PCF Translator.
• Security Release Notes
• Not applicable to this release.
[Technology Preview]
Technology Previews provide users preliminary access to features currently in development but not yet ready
for production. These features are provided at no additional charge to promote awareness of a feature or
technology to be deployed in a future release. Users are encouraged to provide feedback and suggestions. To
learn more about Technology Previews, please create a Service Request (be sure to include "Technology
Preview" in the Description field).

The following table shows differences between AutoPIPE Standard, Advanced and Nuclear Editions.
Feature AutoPIPE AutoPIPE AutoPIPE Nuclear
Advanced
Hanger   
Static Linear   
Static Nonlinear   
Modal   
Response Spectrum (Uniform & Multiple Support)
  
(SRSS combination method standard version only)
Note 1
Harmonic  
Force Spectrum  
Time History  
SAM  
Buried Pipe w/Automatic Soil Calculator: ASCE,  
AutoPIPE, and User-Defined
Introduction
Feature AutoPIPE AutoPIPE AutoPIPE Nuclear

Advanced
NUREG combinations and  
Code case 411 spectrum
Static correction -
Missing mass correction and ZPA
 
50 Response Spectrum load cases  
Response Spectrum Generator (IBC-2006,
EURO(EC8)-2004), IS-1893-2002, SPANISH
  
NCSR-02 2004, User Defined)
Static earthquake   
Static Earthquake Load Generator (ALA/ASCE
2002 / 2010, GB50011-2001, Mexican CFE-2008,
  
User Defined)
Wind - ASCE, ASCE 2002 & 2010, UBC and User   
Profile
Thermal Bowing   
Wave loading and buoyancy  
Fluid Transient Loads  
Relief Valve Loads  
Thermal Transient Analysis 
Fatigue Analysis (class 1) 
High Energy Leakage and Crack Criteria (ASME 
Class 1, 2, 3)
ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8   
(multiple years – Note 2)
European piping code EN13480   
B31.4 Offshore, B31.8 Offshore & CSA_Z662
Offshore codes
 
ASME III Class I, 2 and 3 (multiple years) 
JSME S NC1-PPC 
ASME B31.1-1967  
Canadian piping codes  
Russian SNIP 2.05.06-85 Code   
International piping codes  
KHK Level 1 piping code  
KHK Level 2 piping code (Note 3)  
Analysis Sets for multiple static analyses   
General piping code   
Rotating Equipment reports   
Large model size   
Beam elements for modeling frames and supports   
Material and Component Library utilities   
STAAD Structural Libraries   
Flange Analysis, ASME Section VIII Div 1  
Flange Analysis, ASME Section VIII Div 2  
Flange Analysis, ASME Section III Appendix XI  
Flange Analysis, ANSI Check   
JSM Export   
Center of Gravity   
Introduction
Note 1: Multiple support response spectrum analysis only available in Advanced and Nuclear editions.
Note 2: Multiple years are available in Advanced and Nuclear editions. Standard edition only supports latest
code year.
Note 3: A KHK2 add-on option is required to access this feature.
Maximum Defined Static and Dynamic Load Cases

Load Cases Standard Advanced Nuclear
Gravity 1 1 1
Hydrotest 1 1 1
Thermal 5 100 100
Pressure 5 100 100
Static Earthquake 5 10 10
Wind 5 10 10
Snow 1 1 1
User 5 140 140
Response Spectrum 5 50 50
Harmonic N/A 10 10
Seismic Anch or N/A 10 10
Movement
Force Spectrum N/A 10 10
Time History N/A 50 50
Static Analysis Cases 27 [Note 2] 82 [Note 2] 82 [Note 2]
Note 2: Maximum number of load cases that can be analyzed in a single analysis set during a static analysis
run in v9.1. However an unlimited number of analysis sets can be run in a single static analysis in v9.1.
= Gravity (1) + Hydrotest (1) + Thermal (20) + Pressure (20) + Static Earthquake (10) + Wind (10)
+ User (20)
= 82 cases for Advanced & Nuclear (27 for Standard)
Up to 100 different thermal loadings can be defined and analyzed in a single static analysis. Only 20
thermal load cases per analysis set e.g. if want to run 50 thermal cases then define across 3 analysis
sets. Since each analysis set can have analyze up to 82 static cases, so literally 100’s of loads can be
analyzed in different scenarios with different options, linear , non-linear , hot or cold modulus etc in
the same static analysis run.
Additional CAE Integrated Analysis and Design Ancillary Products

CAE Integrated Analysis & Design Ancillary Standard Advanced Nuclear
Products
PipeLink (Advanced structural model/piping data Included Included Included
exchange with STAAD.Pro structural analysis)
StessISO (Customizable dimensioned digital Add License Add License Add License
stress isometric)
AutoPIPE Nozzle (local stresses calculations at Not Included Included Included
nozzle/vessel junctions per WRC 107/297/368,
PD500, API650 and KHK
PlantFlow (Network flow analysis) Add License Add License Add License
Puls (Acoustic and pulsation similutaions per API Add License Add License Add License
618)
Introduction
System Requirements
System Requirements
The following prerequisites are required to run each of the modules included within the application:
• Processor: Intel Pentium IV or higher
• Operating System:
o Microsoft Windows 7 Professional or higher (with Service Pack 1)
o Microsoft Windows 8 Professional or higher
o Microsoft Windows 8.1 Professional or higher (with KB2919355 Update)
o Microsoft Windows 10 Professional or higher
o 32 or 64 bit OS
• Internet: Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or greater
• Memory: 1 GB recommended. More memory almost always improves performance, particularly
when working with larger models.
• Hard disk: 1 GB minimum free hard disk space (not including Restore Point space requirements).
• Input Device: Any industry-standard input device supported by Windows
• Output Device: Any industry-standard output device supported by Windows
• Video Graphics Card: Any industry-standard video card/monitor which supports OpenGL 3D
graphics
• PDF Reader: Adobe® Acrobat Reader 7.0 or higher
Before you install any software, you should confirm that you have adequate hardware and software
capabilities to install and use the product.
Release Notes
The latest program release information and changes to the program that are not included in the manual are
listed in the README file located in the AutoPIPE program directory (autopipe_readme.chm).
Technical Support and Services

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Introduction
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Introduction
Documentation Conventions
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Documentation Conventions
A number of conventions are maintained throughout this Tutorial to make the information presented easier
to identify and understand.
CONVENTION DESCRIPTION
NOTE: Precedes information of general importance.
HINT: Precedes optional time-saving information.
WARNING: Precedes information about actions that should not be performed under normal operating
conditions.
FILENAMES Directory paths and file names are italicized.
Example: \AT-EQP directory, AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
Program Code Excerpts from text or basic script files and script variables and statements appear in the
font shown.
INPUT Commands or information that must be manually entered is bolded in the font shown.
Dialogs Dialog and database table names are italicized.
Field_Name Example: The Preferences dialog.
Select Indicates that the command must be executed from a menu or dialog.
Pick Indicates an item (component or point) that may be picked on a drawing.
Throughout this Tutorial, the sequence required to execute a command will be explicitly
defined in the text, while the associated toolbar button is presented in the left margin.
2
Basic Concepts
This section introduces you to some of the basic concepts and modeling practices employed by AutoPIPE.
You are also introduced to the interface and guided through some basic procedures.
Using the Help

The intent of this document is to familiarize you with the features and interface of AutoPIPE. It is not a
comprehensive User’s Guide or Command Reference. For a complete listing of all AutoPIPE commands and
features, as well as for a list of reference topics and other useful information, refer to the extensive help
system that has been provided with your software. Bentley Help has been designed to provide you access to a
variety of different types of help. The suggestions below will make the help system more useful.
• Dialog and Context-sensitive Help: From within a dialog, you have a variety of help available.
When a field has the focus, you can press the F1 key to obtain field-specific information. You can
also press the key in the title bar of the dialog, then select any of the fields in the dialog. This
second method has the advantage of being able to access help related to grayed-out (disabled) items.
Additionally, from within a dialog you can always press the Help button to access overview
information related to that dialog.
• Help Topics: You can view a “book layout” i.e. Contents of the help system at any time by pressing
the Contents command from the Help tab.
• Index: An extensive index of help topics has been provided. Press the Help button on any dialog or
select the Contents command from the Help tab, then click on the Index tab and type in a topic in
the field provided. The index list will filter as you type.
• Relationship between Toolbar Reference and Reference Information: A link exists between
many of the help topics in the Toolbar Command Reference section and supplemental reference
information which explains code compliance calculations, available component and material libraries,
etc. After reviewing general help for a particular topic, check if there are additional links displayed at
the bottom of the main topic window.
• Related Topics: Some Help Topics are logically linked. In these instances, pressing a Related Topics
button will present a list of topics related to the open item. Highlight a selection in this list to open a
related topic.
• Examples: An extensive workbook has been provided which contains procedures for many
common AutoPIPE tasks. You can get to this area from the main help page, through the table of
contents, or by links provided within one of the topics themselves.
• Considerations and Notes: Some topics have supplemental considerations and notes available.
These features explain additional design considerations and requirements of which you should be
aware.
Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts Overview
• Printing: It is very easy to produce hard copies of help documentation. To print the current topic,
simply press Print from the topic window. Bentley Help will send the topic to the default Windows
printer. To print a range of topics, go the Contents tab and highlight a folder. A dialog Print Topic
will display on screen with the options “Print the selected topic” or “Print the selected heading and
all sub topics”.
• Additional information on Help: For more information on using Windows Help Systems, press F1
while in any help topic. The Windows Help file is opened, which contains specific information on
maximizing the power of windows help systems.
Basic Concepts Overview

This chapter provides you with a tour of the AutoPIPE interface, and walks you through several of the most
basic tasks from opening a model and defining a new system to placing a few components. If you are a new
user, you should carefully review the discussions of selecting points, specifying ranges, and inserting
components. Veteran users who are switching from DOS to the Windows edition of AutoPIPE should also
note that the new interface allows for many tasks to be performed graphically rather than through a series of
keystrokes.
This chapter introduces you to the most basic AutoPIPE tasks, including:
• Starting AutoPIPE: Double-click on the AutoPIPE icon (or select it from a taskbar).
• Loading a system model: The first step in every AutoPIPE session is either to define a new system
model or load an existing one.
• Navigating the interface: This section covers basic interface navigation techniques and introduces
you to the program interface and command techniques.
• AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts: When modeling in AutoPIPE it is important to understand some
of the concepts and techniques the designers have built into the interface. This section briefly
describes modeling concepts and principles.
Each of these topics is covered briefly in this chapter. The intention is to give you a general understanding of
these concepts. For more detailed information regarding a particular command or activity, refer to the
appropriate section of the AutoPIPE help. Chapter 3 of this Tutorial includes a walk-through of AutoPIPE
features for the novice user.
Note: Before you can begin working with AutoPIPE, the software must be installed and configured for
your system.
Starting AutoPIPE
The procedure for starting AutoPIPE is provided below:
1. From the Windows’ Start menu, select the Bentley AutoPIPE CONNECT V11 icon.
2. AutoPIPE opens to display the Welcome to AutoPIPE Licensing dialog, which allows you to select
the type of license to use.
Basic Concepts
Loading a Model
3. Press OK. The AutoPIPE application opens. The starting screen is shown below.
Loading a Model
After opening AutoPIPE, the next step is to either create/define a new system or to load an existing one.
Both procedures are provided below.
Defining a New Model

The first step in creating a new model is to name and define the model as described below:
1. Press New to display the New dialog.
Basic Concepts
Loading a Model
2. Indicate the path where the file will be stored using standard Windows file selection techniques
(i.e., highlight the appropriate drive, then the directory where the file will be stored).
3. After the path information is specified, type the name of the model in the File name field, and
then press Save.
Note: The next several steps will present a series of dialogs for the definition of the model and
its operating parameters. Each of these dialogs is discussed briefly below for the purpose
of demonstrating the sequence of steps required to create a new model. In the next
chapter we’ll take a closer look at the definition of model properties. As always, you can
also refer to the help for comprehensive dialog information.
4. The General Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.
Complete each of the fields to adequately describe your model. Of particular note is the Piping
Code selection list, which allows you to choose from a variety of pre-defined piping codes. After
completing the dialog, press OK.
Note: You can set SI units to be your default units by copying the SI.UNT file in the program
folder into AUTOPIPE.UNT file. You can also use DIN sizes by selecting AUTODIN
as the component library.
Basic Concepts
Loading a Model
5. The Segment dialog is displayed for the definition of the initial segment that will be used as the
starting point of your model. Define the starting point name, any offset values, and a pipe
identifier that will be associated with all components that belong to that segment. As
components are placed on the line, point names are generated. The default point names always
begin with the segment name (“A” in the example below) to which they belong. After
completing the dialog, press OK.
6. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. From this location you define the initial pipe properties of
the model. This dialog will be explained in the next chapter. After completing the dialog, press
OK.
7. The Operating Pressure and Temperature dialog is displayed for the definition of operating loads.
Enter values in each of the fields as required by the demands of your system, then press OK to
close the dialog.
8. The setup of the new model is complete. You can now add a component to the first point (A00)
in the system (or insert an offset distance from this point). In the next chapter, we’ll create a new
model and demonstrate methods for placing and connecting components.
Loading an Existing Model

1. Press Open to display the Open dialog.
Basic Concepts
Interface
2. Navigate to the directory where the file is stored. Select the desired filename from the Files list,
then press OK. The previously saved model and its data are now available for editing or report
generation.
Interface
The AutoPIPE interface is designed to simplify the task of creating, modifying, and reviewing
models of any complexity.
Screen Layout
Take some time to familiarize yourself with AutoPIPE’s interface by examining the areas of the
screen annotated below.
Basic Concepts
Interface
Dialogs
Dialogs present and request information.
• Press OK to accept the values in a dialog
• Some fields have an associated list of options from which the user can select. For example, there is a
limited set of piping codes, and the user can always select the appropriate code from a list when the
cursor is in the Piping Code field. This list is contained inside the dialog itself, and is opened by
pressing on the  adjacent to that field.
• The units that apply to a particular field are displayed in the status bar in the bottom right hand
corner of the screen.
• To advance from field to field in a dialog, press the Tab key. Pressing Enter from the dialog is the
equivalent of pressing OK. You can also advance the cursor by simply using the mouse to select the
desired location.
• Options which are toggled ON are indicated by a . Positioning the cursor in that field and then
pressing the left mouse button toggles the ON/OFF state.
• Press F1 key on any dialog field to obtain help on a particular field or parameter. To obtain “big
picture” dialog help, press the Help button.
Keyboard Equivalents
As you begin creating a model, you’ll soon become familiar with AutoPIPE’s use of dialogs to gather
information from the user. Although the mouse can be used to navigate through the fields of a dialog, many
users prefer the keyboard alternatives. Refer to the table below.
TASK KEYBOARD
Advance to next field
Return to previous field
Accept values and close dialog
Cancel values and close dialog
Units Format
As you move from field to field in a dialog, the units that apply to that field are listed in the status bar in the
bottom right hand corner of your screen. To accommodate the varied needs of our users, AutoPIPE allows
special characters to be used to decipher the field format and convert these to decimal equivalents. The types
of input which are allowed when inputting English units are illustrated in the table below:
DECIMAL FEET FEET-INCHES

2.2708 2’3.25”
2’3.25
2’3”1/4
2-3-1/4
Basic Concepts
Interface
DECIMAL FEET FEET-INCHES

1.0417 1’.5”
1’.5
1’0”1/2
1-0.5
1-0-1/2
0.0625 0.75”
0’.75
0’0”3/4
0-0.75
0-0-3/4
1.0833 1’1”
1’1
13”
0’13
1-1
1-1-0
Basic Concepts
AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts
Note: Only the coordinates in “Offset” fields (i.e., “Length”,“DX/DY/DZ”) use architectural
units. You can have AutoPIPE display ft-in units by setting “Use feet-inches display
format” in the Edit Model Options dialog (Tools > Model Options > Edit Options).
Note that the feet-inches only works when the length unit is ft.
Ribbon Structure
All AutoPIPE commands can be accessed from the individual tabs. For a detailed description of the
capabilities and functionality of a specific tab, refer to the AutoPIPE Help. Each of these tabs has toolbars
associated with it.
Hint: If you forget the use of a particular button, position your cursor over it and wait a second
or two. A ToolTip description is displayed beneath the button.
Hotkeys
A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using hotkeys. In
AutoPIPE, hotkeys are executed by holding down the control and then pressing a letter key. Additionally,
AutoPIPE also uses the function keys for some operations. Note that these hotkeys are displayed in the
ToolTip next to the item it executes.

Experienced users of AutoPIPE have come to appreciate the speed and efficiency with which detailed, data-
rich models can be created, modified, and reviewed. If you are a novice user, it is important to understand
some basic concepts of the program.
• Models are created from individual pipe segments
• Components are attached to the active point (cursor location)
• The piping system geometry and properties can be modified
Understanding Pipe Segments

Each piping system is divided into a number of segments. As an example, the sample model shown below
contains five segments labeled A through E. Piping models are entered into the program, segment by
segment. They may be extended or modified at any time by either adding more segments or changing existing
ones. The segments are labeled automatically (A through E in the example). If more than twenty-six segments
are entered, the additional ones are labeled AA, AB, AC and so on.
Although most of the piping segment definition is handled automatically with AutoPIPE, in some
circumstances it is advantageous to plan the model in advance and divide it into logical “segments” before
creating the system (see ‘Rules for defining Pipe Segments’). Typically, a segment would begin and end at
anchor points or a branch connection. However, as shown in Figure 2-1 below, at point D02, a pipeline may
be divided into two or more contiguous segments. Whenever a tee/branch is inserted, AutoPIPE
automatically assigns a new segment identifier. Each new segment begins with a different alpha character,
making it easier for node numbering and easier to keep track of segments when reviewing input listings or
output results.
When defining a new system, AutoPIPE automatically displays the first Segment screen (the first segment is
segment A). In this screen, the user must specify starting X, Y, Z coordinates of the Segment and input a Pipe
Basic Concepts
identifier name. A Pipe identifier is used to assign properties. The Pipe identifier can be any name that the
user wishes to use. It is a good idea to choose a meaningful name such as the first few letters of a line ID or
something like 8”std (indicating 8” nominal diameter, standard schedule wall thickness) to help you keep
track of pipe properties when reviewing the model.
These properties will be applied to all components attached to that pipe identifier until otherwise specified by
inputting a new pipe identifier name in one of the component dialogue screens. After inputting a new Pipe
identifier name, the Pipe properties dialogue screen will automatically be displayed for input. For example, if you
define a Pipe identifier as a 4-inch line, then all following components will default to those same properties
until the user types in a new Pipe identifier name on a component dialogue. A segment can be made up of
multiple pipe identifiers.
Existing Pipe properties can be easily modified using either Modify > Properties > Pipe Properties (which
modifies that Pipe Identifier throughout the entire model, wherever it was used) or by graphical selection of a
range of points and Modify> Properties > Pipe Properties Over Range.
Basic Concepts
Figure 2-1: Pipe Segments
Basic Concepts
Rules for Defining Segments

A number of rules govern the definition of piping segments; they are listed as follows:
1. Each segment has a forward and backward direction and is entered as a sequence of points.
AutoPIPE automatically keeps track of the local axis of the segment, making it convenient to
insert intermediate points or components using the Length field. These points are automatically
assigned alphanumeric names (which the user can override), with a maximum of four characters
each. For example, in Figure 2-1, segment B is defined by points A03, B01, B02, B03, B04, and
B05, all of which have default names. The default increment in point names is 1. This increment
can be changed under Tools > Model Options > Edit Options. AutoPIPE can automatically
renumber point names after editing.
2. Wind loads and Hydrotest can be turned on and off on a segment by segment basis, so keep that
in mind when creating your model. Also, AutoPIPE provides options to view the model,
graphically select, delete, or view output results on a segment by segment basis.
3. Global coordinates must be entered for the first point of the first segment (default global
coordinates of Segment A is 0,0,0). AutoPIPE automatically displays the first segment screen for
the user. This is point A00 in the example. Then, each point along the segment is typically
located by offsets from the preceding point, until the whole segment has been defined (e.g.
points A00 to A06 for segment A).
4. Subsequent segments typically begin at points which have been defined previously (point A03 in
segment B is an example). These points are either branch points or continuation points (see #6
below). Since these points have already been defined, entering coordinate data for them is not
necessary.
5. Although Subsequent segments typically begin or end at an existing point, this is not necessary
for the program to function correctly. It is often more convenient to start a disconnected
segment in space using Insert > Piping Components > Segment or clicking on the Segment,
typing in the name of the first point (in this case, make sure that the name of the first point on
the segment is not the name of a previously defined point), and assigning the starting X,Y,Z
coordinates of that new Segment. For example, it may be more convenient to define suction and
discharge sections as disconnected segments without having to model the equipment (see Pump
Modeling Example in AutoPIPE on-line help). Also, the ability to handle disconnected segments
is a big advantage when importing sections from a CAD model.
6. A continuation point is established when a new segment is defined to begin at the end point of
an existing segment (see point D02 in Figure 2-1). This is typically done to divide a long length
of pipe into shorter segments or to turn on and off wind loads or hydrotest on a segment by
segment basis.
7. A tee branch connection point is any point which joins two or more pipe segments, and requires
a multiple pipe connection (see points A03, and B05 in Figure 2-1) such as a tee or cross. A
continuation point can be made into a branch point using Modify > Convert Point To > Tee.
8. Cut and paste automatically creates a new segment.
When defining a segment, proceed from point to point along the segment. Check that everything at the
current point has been specified before moving on to the next point.
Graphical Element
In previous versions of AutoPIPE, users would have to insert a new segment at an existing run point in order
to insert a tee branch connection. With the new Tee element, this procedure is no longer required (although
users can still input a tee branch by inserting a segment at a run point if desired).
The Tee element automates the insertion of tees and includes the offset distance from the previous point. For
example, if a user wishes to insert a tee point on a header 5 feet away from his current point (active point), he
Basic Concepts
clicks on Insert > Piping Components > Tee and inputs an offset of 5 feet as well as the tee type
information for stress intensification purposes. The Tee element will automatically assign a new segment once
the user begins to input the branch. AutoPIPE will keep this point a tee for stress intensification, even if the
user does not create a branch. In some cases, users may choose not to input small diameter vent or drain pipe
branches, but still want the stress intensification factor at the tee connection point. AutoPIPE displays a
graphical symbol at Tee points enabling users to visually review tee locations. Users can also click on Tee
arrows to easily switch between the header and branch side of the tee.
Users can convert an existing run point to a Tee using Modify > Convert point to > Tee command.
Understanding the Active Point

After defining and inserting a segment, you’ll notice that a small crosshair appears in the drawing area. This
crosshair represents the currently active point. The active point is also displayed in the status area immediately
below the drawing area.
When placing components, you should remain aware of the active point. After selecting a component type
for insertion, AutoPIPE will automatically assume that you want the starting point of the component to be
inserted at the active point. By default, AutoPIPE will increment the point to the next value and concatenate
this with the letter that defines the current segment. For example, if you are inserting a run point on Segment
A that contains nothing but an anchor point, the Run Point dialog will contain the value A01 in the Name of
Point field.
To designate an existing point as the active point, simply click on it with the mouse. The crosshairs should
redisplay over that point and the Active Point status area should reflect the new point as well. In a complex
model, you can click on the Home > Operations > Goto Point button and type in your desired active point
location. You can also use the arrow keys to control the location of the active point as described below.
It is important to note that a given point may have two or more different segments. For example, in Figure 2-
1, point A03 is a tee connection point, and is made up of point A03 segment A and point A03 segment B.
The active point name and segment location is displayed in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. In
order to toggle between multiple segments on the same Point location, it is usually more convenient to use
the up and down arrow keys (see following section on keyboard commands).
Controlling the Active Point with the Keyboard
As an alternative to the mouse, the “Active Point” crosshairs can be controlled using the keyboard.
KEY TASK
 Move to the next point in the current segment (forward segment
direction).
 Move to the previous point in the current segment (backward segment
direction).
 When at a segment junction, move to the next segment that connects
to the current point (more than 2 segments are possible).
Basic Concepts
Basic Tasks
KEY TASK
 When at a segment junction, move to the previous segment that
connects to the current point (more than 2 segments are possible).
Move to the first point of the next segment.
Move to the last point of the previous segment.
Move to the next intermediate soil point for the current soil region.
Move to the previous intermediate soil point for the current soil region.
Modification of Piping Geometry

It is not necessary for a piping system to be defined completely in a single AutoPIPE session, because
AutoPIPE allows a wide variety of additions, deletions, and changes to be made. In particular:
1. New segments can be added at any time.
2. Previously defined segments can be extended at any time.
3. Existing segments can be modified, or can be deleted and replaced.
4. A complete system, or sections of a system, can be copied within the same job or between separate
jobs with automatic renumbering.
5. Components can be inserted, deleted, or modified at any time.
Warning: As noted in the following sections, changes in data can lead to a variety of
inconsistencies. AutoPIPE will detect most inconsistencies, and will display warning
or error messages. However, AutoPIPE may not detect all of the possible
inconsistencies. Users must take care in making changes, and must review the
changes carefully, to insure that the modified geometry and properties are correct.
Basic Tasks
This section lists simple techniques for accomplishing the following:
• Executing a command
• Selecting a component
• Inserting a component
• Modifying a component
• Deleting a component
• Selecting a range of components (creating a selection set)
Executing a Command
Commands can be executed in one of two ways:
• Click on one of the buttons in a toolbar or tab.
• Key-in the command. The hotkey for each command is underlined in the menu system. As an
example, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B. The key-in command option
requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an extremely efficient method of input.
Basic Concepts
Basic Tasks
Selecting Points and Components

• Click on it with the mouse. By clicking on the outer edge of a component, the component turns red
to indicate that it is selected. If it is a two-point component such as a valve or flexible joint, the red
indicates that the beginning point and end point of a two-point component have been selected.
• Graphically select a range of points (see following ‘Selecting a Range of Points’ section)
Inserting a Point or Component

• Position the cursor on the desired point by clicking on it, then click on one of the Piping Component
commands. To insert an intermediate run point, or multiple run points, click on the Run command.
• Position the cursor on the insertion point, and then select the desired component from the Insert
ribon.
• Users can graphically select a range to insert across ranges of points with one command (see
‘Selecting a Range’)
• Place the cursor on the desired point, then use the keyboard equivalent commands to key-in the
insertion.
Modifying Points or Components

Use one of the techniques below to modify points or components.
• Using the mouse, double click on the graphical representation of the component to open its
associated dialog. Double click on a point to modify point offsets.
• Click on one of the points associated with the component, then select the component name from the
Modify tab.
• Users can graphically select a range to modify across a range of points with one command (see
‘Selecting a Range’)
• Display the Input grids then select the appropriate grid tab and modify the value in the cell(s).
Double clicking a row in the Input grids will display the Modify dialog. Note: Ctrl+Enter,
Copy/Paste or Copy Down can be used to change values over multiple cells.
Deleting Points or Components

Use one of the techniques below to delete existing points or components:
• Select the unwanted component with the mouse then press the Delete key on the keyboard.
• Select the unwanted component then select the Delete tab, then select the appropriate toolbar icon.
• Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then hold down the [Shift] key
and right-click the component to be deleted from the toolbar.
• Graphically select a range, then select the corresponding component name from the Delete tab to
delete across an entire range of points with one command (see Selecting a Range).
• Select the unwanted component then select the Edit > Delete menu command.
• Select it with the mouse or position the active point at that location, then select the corresponding
component name from the Delete tab.
• Select the appropriate row in the Input Grids and Press the Delete key on the keyboard. Note:
Multiple rows can be deleted at time.
Selecting a Range (Creating a Selection Set)

Selection of ranges is a powerful tool within AutoPIPE that users should become familiar with. By graphically
selecting ranges of points, users can insert, modify, or delete components, properties, loads, and other data
across ranges of points with one command or graphically select points to be included in the output reports.
Also, selection of ranges is required in order to graphically cut, copy, or paste.
Basic Concepts
Basic Tasks
There are several methods available to graphically select ranges of points. By using the Select tab or Input
Grids, users can select by a number of different criteria such as by segment, point names, component type,
pipe diameter and other parameters. Another common method used to select a range is to click on the first
point in the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click on the last point in the range. The selection set
will highlight red. This is the same technique used to select ranges in Word, Excel, and other popular
Windows programs.
To create a selection set that includes components that are not part of a contiguous run, use the [Ctrl] key as
follows: To add more components to this set, or delete points from this set press and hold the [Ctrl] key and
select additional elements. The [Ctrl] selection method allows you to select a set of components that are not
continuous. Alternatively, Select > Selection > Point can add or subtract from the selection set on a point
by point basis.
The Select > Selection > Range command, another method of creating a selection set, allows the user to
input “From” and “To” points inside a dialog.
In any Input Grid Tab, select a group of rows or cells (same column) using [Ctrl] or [Shift] keys will
highlight the selected points in red on the graphic. Note: The point symbol and names will be highlighted
when selecting from the Points or Pres/Temp/PipeID Tabs. These two tabs enable selection of all points in
the model. The Pres/Temp/PipeID Tab also provides a range selection up to and including the bend near or
far points. All other grid Tabs will highlight the component symbol and the thermal anchor movements tab
will highlight the anchor symbol on the graphic.
3
Creating a New Model
Chapters 3-6 in this Tutorial guide you through the creation of a sample AutoPIPE model. After the model is
created, you will learn how to define loads, analyze the system, and produce output reports.
In this chapter you will create the first tutorial model. Before placing components in a model, you must
define the associated piping code, pressure and temperature loads, starting coordinates, and other factors.
These values are used after the model is constructed in the analysis of stress, operating loads, code
compliance, etc. After the model properties are defined, you will route two segments and experiment with
AutoPIPE’s Undo and Redo features.
Overview
In this chapter, you will build the first of two tutorial models. Each step of the model creation process is
discussed, and various model construction techniques are introduced. At the completion of this chapter, you
will have built the model shown below:
Creating a New System

When a new system is created, AutoPIPE automatically presents a series of dialogs that allow you to establish
the piping code, pressure and temperature loads, pipe materials, and other factors. This section guides you
through the completion of each of these dialogs.
Note: Before beginning this exercise, you may want to create a directory on your local drive where
the tutorial model can be saved.
1. Select File > Model > New.

2. The New dialog is displayed. Navigate to the Examples directory, type TUTOR1 in the File Name
field, then press Save.
Note: If the Project Chooser dialog displays, prompting you to assign the model to a project,
simply press Cancel.
By default, the file is saved in the same directory where AutoPIPE is installed. If you
prefer, save the tutorial model in a separate directory.
3. The General Model Options dialog is automatically displayed. For the first tutorial model, let’s
discuss some of these areas in detail. First, input the following values:
• Project ID: AutoPIPE Tutorial 1
• Prepared by: {your initials}
Note: The values you input in these two fields will appear in the headers of reports that are
generated on the system.
4. AutoPIPE filters many of its dialogs based on the Piping Code to ensure code compliance and to
help you properly identify various elements of the system. Select B31.3 Process from the Piping
Code selection list (press the down arrow next to the field to open a list of the available codes).
5. Select 2012 from the Edition selection list.
6. Notice the Vertical Axis Direction field. AutoPIPE models are constructed in three-dimensional
space, which means that you must be aware of three direction vectors. By default, the vertical
axis will be set to the Y-axis. However, if you’d like to customize the vector that is considered to
run in the vertical plane, you could change this value. For our model, accept the Y-axis default.
7. The next field of interest is the Number of Thermal/Pressure Cases. In order to define two
thermal/pressure cases for analysis, input a value of 2 in this field.
8. There are several methods for navigating within AutoPIPE dialogs. You can use the mouse to
position the cursor in a field, or press Tab to jump to the next field in sequence. For example,
press Tab now to jump to the Ambient Temperature field, which contains a value of 70°F
{21.1°C}. After this field is highlighted, examine the status bar at the bottom of the AutoPIPE
application window. The lower right hand corner will always display the units associated with the
active field. In this case, the status field reads deg F. A brief glance at the Units area of the status
bar will always help you to confirm the units associated with the active field. Accept the default
Ambient Temperature value of 70 {21.1}.
9. Press OK to close the General Model Options dialog and display the Segment dialog.
10. The Segment dialog allows you to assign a name and starting location for the first pipe segment to
be placed in the model. Accept the (0,0,0) global coordinate default for the first segment (A).
The next step is to assign a Pipe Data Identifier to this segment. A set of pipe properties can be
defined and associated with a named ID. It is a good idea to choose a meaningful pipe identifier
name such as the first few letters of a line ID or a descriptive name. In our example, we will use
12”STD {300STD} to indicate a 12"{300mm} nominal, standard schedule wall thickness. Input
12"STD in the Pipe data identifier field.
11. Press OK to display the Pipe Properties dialog.
12. Note that 12”STD automatically appears in the Pipe Identifier field of this dialog. These properties
will be associated with all components associated with the 12”STD {300STD} line.
Note: During creation of the model, you can define a new segment and give it a new Pipe
Identifier. Doing so will re-display the Pipe Properties dialog for the definition of the new
pipe.
13. Specify the size of the pipe by selecting 12.000 {300} from the Nominal Diameter selection list.
14. Enter 1 {25} in the Insul Thickness field.
15. From the Insul Material field, select Calc for calcium silicate. After the insulation material is
selected, the dialog is automatically populated with insulation density values. AutoPIPE contains
a list of these definitions in its default libraries. If desired, you can override these values
manually.
16. From the Pipe Material field, select A106-B carbon steel type. As with the Insulation Material,
AutoPIPE will automatically populate the material properties and stress allowables based on the
definitions in the library.
Note: If a material is requested which is not in the library, the procedure would be to select
NS (for Non-Standard), then define the material property values manually.
Routing Segment A
17. Press OK to close the Pipe Properties dialog. The Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog is
automatically displayed. Note that two columns are available for input in this dialog. This is
because you entered “2” in the Number of Thermal/Pressure cases field (from the General Model
Options dialog). Input 350 (psi) {2.4 n/mm2} in the Case 1 Pressure field, then Tab to the Case 1
temperature and input 20 {-5° C}. After the Case 1 Pressure/Temperature values have been
specified, Tab to define the values for Case 2. Input a Case 2 Pressure of 350 {2.4} and a
temperature of 550 {285}.
18. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

19. The properties of the system and starting segment have now been defined. Notice that a marker
( + ) has been placed at the (0,0,0) starting point named A00.
Routing Segment A
Now that the system and pipe properties have been defined, you can begin placing components on Segment
A. After completing this section, you will have created the section of the model shown below.
Routing Segment A
Routing Segment A
Routing from the Anchor to the Tee

You will begin this system by inserting an anchor element. An anchor restrains the pipe in all 3 translational
and all 3 rotational directions.
1. Select Insert > Supports > Anchor to display the Anchor dialog.
2. Press OK to accept the defaults and place a rigid anchor with no thermal movements.
The next component will be an elbow. An elbow (bend) is a unique component in AutoPIPE
because it must be offset a specified distance from an existing point, and because the orientation
of the bend is determined by the location of the next component placed in the model. The user
specifies the distance from the previous point to the tangent intersection point (TIP) of the bend
(see graphic below). After the TIP is known, the orientation of the elbow is determined by the
subsequent component.
3. Select Insert > Piping Components > Bend to place the elbow. The Bend dialog is displayed as
shown below.
4. You will place this elbow 10’ 3 ½” {3100mm} from the anchor point in the Z-direction.
AutoPIPE allows you to input architectural units. Tab twice to the DZ field and then input
10.29 {3100} (An equivalent entry would be 10-3-1/2). Tab to advance the cursor to the next
field. Notice that the Length field is updated automatically, and converts the feet/inches format to
decimal units. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment A
5. Select Insert > Piping Components > Bend to place a second elbow.
6. Tab twice to the DY-Offsets field and enter 10 {3000} to indicate a 10 foot {3000mm} vertical
offset dimension to the tangent intersection point. Press OK to close the dialog. The model
appears as shown in the following figure. Note that the first elbow is now drawn, while the
second elbow is not. This is because the second elbow is still awaiting the definition of a new
point in order to properly orient the elbow in three-dimensional space. Also, AutoPIPE
automatically placed a run of pipe between the anchor and the first bend.
7. Select View > Mode > Solid Model View to display a three-dimensional view of the model as
shown below. Notice that a pipe segment exists between the anchor and the bend at point A01.
Routing Segment A
8. Select Insert > Piping Components > Run to create a new run point. The Run Point dialog is
displayed as shown in the following figure.
9. Tab once to the DX-Offsets field and enter – 3 {-900} to create a new run point 3 feet {900mm}
from the TIP of the second bend in the -X direction. Press OK to close the dialog. The model
appears as shown in the following figure.
10. The next step is to insert a reducer at point A03. Select Insert > Piping Components >
Reducer to display the dialog shown below.
Routing Segment A
11. Enter 9" {225} (note the use of the inch symbol here) in the Length field. Note that the length
field keeps track of the local axis, saving you from having to type DX, DY, DZ offsets. Again,
once you Tab to advance the cursor, AutoPIPE automatically converts the Imperial units (9”) to
the decimal equivalent (0.75).
12. Since a reducer always has a different pipe property on the other end, you need to input a new
pipe identifier name to assign properties. Input 8"STD {200STD} in the Pipe Identifier field, and
then press OK.
13. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.
14. Select 8.00 {200} from the Nominal Diameter selection list, and then press OK to accept the
remaining pipe property values.
15. When the Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog displays, accept the default values and click OK
to continue. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment A
16. Next, you will insert a valve beginning at node A04 at the far point of the reducer. Select Insert
> Piping Components > Valve to open the Valve dialog.
17. In this example, you will allow the weight and length of the valve to be extracted from
AutoPIPE's valve database. Select AutoPIPE Generic from the Manufacturer selection list, then
select ANSI/ASME from the Standard selection list.
18. Select Gate Valves from the Sub Category selection list and select a Pressure Rating of 300 as shown
above. Notice that valve length and weight are automatically filled in from the database (the
valve properties from the AutoPIPE database can be overridden). Press OK to close the dialog.
The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment A
19. There are several zooming controls provided by AutoPIPE. To zoom into the valve to examine
it in detail, click PT1 as shown in the figure above, and then press and hold the mouse window
and “drag” the cursor to define the opposite corner (PT2 in the figure above). A dotted line
defines the perimeter of the viewing window. Select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom In to zoom
into the defined area. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
20. Notice that the valve requires a flange connection. To add flanges to both ends of the valve with
one command, you will first select the entire component. Click along the outer edge of the valve
to select and highlight it.
21. Select Insert > Piping Components > Flange to display the Flange dialog.
Routing Segment A
22. Accept the default SLIP-ON Flange type. From the Pressure Rating list, select 300. In the Joint End
Type, select Weld Neck from the drop-down list. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults.
AutoPIPE's flange database is used for the definition of flange weights. Flanges are placed on
both sides of the valve as shown in the graphic below.
23. Select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom Extents. The extents of the model are displayed as shown
in the following figure.
Adding a Tee
Now you will add a tee to this section of the line and finish Segment A. Later in this chapter you will create a
second segment that begins at the branch of the tee.
1. Click on point A05 at the open end of the valve/flange combination. While holding down the
[Shift] button, select point A04.
2. You will now specify new pressure/temperature loading conditions starting at point A05. Select
Modify > Properties > Operating P/T. The following dialog is displayed.
Routing Segment A
3. Input the following values:
Case 1 Case 2
Pressure 300 {2.0} 300 {2.0}
Temperature 10 {-10} 250 {120}
4. Tab once and notice that the stress allowable is updated automatically. Press OK to close the
dialog.
5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.
Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating of
the valve and flange may need to be updated).
6. Next you will insert a tee from this point. Click on point A05, then select Insert > Piping
Component > Tee to display the Tee Point dialog.
Routing Segment A
7. Click the Length field and enter 4 feet {1200}. The Tee element automatically inserts a 4 foot
{1200 mm} run of pipe and prompts the user to input tee information for stress intensification
purposes.
8. Select Welding from the Type of Tee selection list. The crotch fields are displayed for the welding
tee.
Note: The tee types that appear in this list are filtered by AutoPIPE according to the piping
code associated with the model. AutoPIPE will automatically compute stress
intensification factors (SIF) for each type based on values stored in the component
libraries. Select Other from the tee-type list to input user-specified in-plane and out-of-
plane SIF's for nonstandard branch connections.
9. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following
figure.
Routing Segment A
10. Note that a graphic represents the placement of the tee without completing it. Like the Bend
symbol, which required a downstream point to orient the elbow, the tee can only be oriented
after its branch location is specified. Later in this chapter you will route components off this
branch to create Segment B.
Note: In some cases, users may want to input a tee symbol for SIF purposes without
specifying the branch.
11. Select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom Extents to view the extents of the model. The model
appears as shown in the following figure.
Adjusting the View and Completing the Segment

In this section, AutoPIPE’s custom view controls are introduced, and a pipe run and anchor are added to the
model to complete Segment A.
Because AutoPIPE models are three-dimensional, a variety of viewing controls has been provided to allow
you to view the model from different perspectives. One method of changing the view includes the set of
controls shown below.
1. Select View > Rotate > Right seven times.

2. Next, select View > Rotate > Up six times. The graphic representation appears as shown in the
following figure.
Routing Segment A
3. Note the control panel on the bottom of the model window. As an alternative to the icons, you
can interactively pan the model by selecting a point in the modeling area, holding the mouse
button down, and “dragging” the model to the desired view. For example, select a point and drag
it to the right to “pan” the model. When the graphic is displayed as shown in the following
figure, release the mouse button.
Hint: As with the rotation technique mentioned above, you can gain quick access to
the PAN feature by right-clicking in the model area. The PAN icon appears.
Click and hold the left mouse button to drag the model to a new area of the
screen.
4. Press OK to close the Zoom panel (or double-click with the mouse). The 3D model now appears
as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment A
5. Now let’s complete the pipe segment. Select Insert > Piping Components > Run.
6. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.
7. Input 17 {5000} in the Length field, and then press OK. The model appears as shown in the
following figure.
8. Select Insert > Supports > Anchor.

9. The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog.
10. Select View > Orientation > Extent Default ISO View to return to the initial view of the
model.
11. Select File > Save > Save. The completed view of Segment A is shown below.
Routing Segment B
Routing Segment B
In this section of the tutorial you will create a second segment (B), which branches off the tee at point A06.
During the creation of this segment, some of the techniques that can be used as alternatives to traditional
placement methods discussed previously will be introduced. You will also review the use of AutoPIPE’s
powerful Undo and Redo commands.
1. Select the branch arrow near point A06 to indicate that you want to begin routing components
from this branch. Point A06 and the branch arrow are highlighted red.
2. Select Insert > Piping Components > Run.
Routing Segment B
3. Input – 10 {-3000} in the DZ offset field.

4. Input 8”ST {200STD53} in the Pipe data Identifier field. Press OK to close the dialog.
5. AutoPIPE recognizes that 8”ST {200STD53} has not been previously defined and automatically
displays the Pipe Properties dialog.
6. Select A53-B as the Pipe Material, and then press OK to close the dialog. AutoPIPE automatically
updates the Cold Allowable and pipe properties for the newly selected material.
7. The Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the default values.
The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment B
Earlier in this chapter you placed an elbow using the Insert > Bend command. An alternative
method is to simply route two perpendicular pipe runs, and then convert the intersecting point
to an elbow. This method is demonstrated below.
2. Enter 6 {2000} in the DY-offset field and 0 in the DZ-offset field.

3. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice how
the two pipe runs are connected at point B01. Obviously, a bend is required at this location.
4. Select point B01 to make it active.

5. Select Modify > Convert Point to > Bend. An elbow is placed at the junction between the two
pipe runs as shown in the graphic below.
Routing Segment B
Editing Controls
In this section you will review some of AutoPIPE’s editing controls. During this section of the tutorial you
will create and delete points, modify coordinates, etc., in order to demonstrate the powerful editing
commands in your toolbox.
1. Pick point B02 to continue routing Segment B from that point.
3. Press OK to accept the defaults and create a new run point 6 feet {2000mm} from B02 in the
+Y direction. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
4. Since a straight pipe run exists between B01 and B03, you really don’t need point B02. Select
point B02 to make it active, then delete the point using one of the following methods:
• Select the Delete > Piping Components > Run.
• Press the Delete key on the keyboard.
5. A confirmation dialog is displayed. Press Yes to delete the point. The model appears as shown in
the following figure.
Routing Segment B
6. Now let’s delete the entire segment. Ensure that Segment B is displayed in the status bar, and
then select Delete > Piping Components > Segment. When the confirmation dialog appears,
press Yes to remove it. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
7. Because AutoPIPE retains a history of the commands you have performed, you can choose to
Undo or Redo certain actions. For example, select Home > Clipboard > Undo. The deleted
segment is restored as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment B
8. Select Home > Clipboard > Undo again and the intermediate point B02 is restored as shown
in the following figure
9. Select Home > Clipboard > Undo twice more to remove point B03, then to undo the Convert
to Bend command we performed earlier. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment B
10. Select Home > Clipboard > Redo to re-convert the point to an elbow. The graphic appears as
shown in the following figure.
11. Select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom Extents to view the extents of the model as shown in the
following figure.
Creating New Points and Using the Copy/Paste Commands

In this section you will create intermediate points on Segment A, and use AutoPIPE’s Copy and Paste
commands to place copies of Segment B at the new points.
1. Select the tee arrow near point A06 that lies between the tee and the anchor at point A07.
Routing Segment B

3. The Run Point dialog is displayed. Previously, you defined new points in this dialog. In this case,
you will generate 2 new points along the existing run. In the Generate Points field, input 2. Tab to
the next field and notice that AutoPIPE automatically updates the length and offset fields. Press
OK.
Note: By default, AutoPIPE will generate equally spaced intermediate points. You can
override the default by specifying a value in the Offsets field.
4. Two points are inserted in the model between the tee at point A06 and the anchor at point A07.
Notice that the points from the tee to the anchor are no longer numbered sequentially. This is
because the intermediate points were generated after the anchor point. To renumber the points,
select Home > Operations > Renumber All Points. Press Yes in the Confirm dialog. The
points are now numbered sequentially as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment B
5. Now that you have two intermediate points along Segment A, you can place new components at
those locations. This exercise will demonstrate the ability to copy entire component assemblies.
The first step is to select the components to copy. Choose Select > Segments > Segment.
6. The control dialog shown below is displayed. Pick any point on Segment B and note that “B”
now appears in the Select segments to add field, and that Segment B is highlighted. Press Select,
then press Finish.
Hint: You can also select segments from the segment grid.
7. Select Home > Clipboard > Copy.

8. The control dialog now prompts for the base point. Select the tee at point A06 and then press
OK to close the control bar.
9. Segment B has now been copied to the clipboard, where it is stored in memory for Paste
operations. Choose Select > Selection > Clear to clear the highlighted points.
Hint: You can also clear a range by picking any single point in the model.
10. The next step is to specify the point(s) where the copied segment should be placed. Pick point
PT1 shown in the graphic below, press and hold the mouse button, then “drag” to point PT2
and release. A dotted box should appear around points A08 and A07 as shown in the graphic
below.
Routing Segment B
11. Choose Select > Selection > Range. The section of pipe between A07 and A08 is highlighted.
12. Select Home > Clipboard > Paste. The Paste dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the
defaults and place the copied segment at points A07 and A08.
following figure. Notice that the copied segments were assigned unique Segment names (C and
D), and that all the points in the model are unique.
14. Select File > Save > Save.
Scaling, Moving, and Stretching

In this section you will learn how to re-position and re-scale existing segments.
1. Earlier we demonstrated how to use the Select Segment command. You can also manually select
a segment by selecting a range that encompasses all the points. Pick point A07, then hold down
the [Shift] key and pick point C02. Segment C is highlighted as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment B
2. Select Home > Operations > Scale. The Scale dialog is displayed as shown in the following
figure.
3. Tab twice to the Z Factor field and enter - 1 to specify that the selected range should be moved
to the opposite Z-axis.
4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
5. Segment C should still be highlighted. You are now going to add Segment A to the selection set
and move Segments A and C in the Z direction. Doing so will automatically cause the length of
the connecting segments to stretch. With Segment C still highlighted, press the Ctrl key on your
keyboard and select the anchor at point A00. After selecting the point, press the Shift key and
Routing Segment B
select the anchor at the opposite end of the segment at point A09. Segments A and C should
now be highlighted as shown in the following figure.
6. Select Home > Operations > Move/Stretch.

7. The Move/Stretch dialog is displayed.
In this dialog you will specify that the selected range is to be moved 6 feet {2000mm} in the Z
direction. Tab twice to the DZ field and input 6 {2000} as shown above. Press OK to close the
dialog.
8. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice that the cut lengths along segments
B and D automatically stretched along with the selection that was moved.
Routing Segment B
9. Select Home > Clipboard > Undo to return the selected range to the previous position. Select
Home > Clipboard > Undo again to return Segment C to the opposite side of the main pipe
run. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment B
10. Choose Select > Selection > Clear to clear the selection set.
11. Now we will demonstrate how selection sets can be used to insert multiple components
simultaneously. Previously, we created a selection set that defined a range of components. In this
exercise, you will create a selection set of points. Choose Select > Selection > Point. The
control dialog shown below is displayed.
12. With the control dialog displayed, select the following points: D02, C02, B02. All three point
names are highlighted.
13. Press OK in the control dialog, then select Insert > Supports > Anchor.
14. The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults, an anchor will be placed at each
of the selected points. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Routing Segment B
Inserting a Support
In this exercise you will add a run point near the bend at point A02 and insert a support at that location.
1. First, zoom into the area around the bend at point A02.
2. Before adding a support, you need to add a run point where the support will be placed. Pick
point A02 to make it the active point, and then select Insert > Piping Components > Run.
3. The Run Point dialog is displayed.
Routing Segment B
Input 2 feet {600} in the Length field, and then press OK to accept the remaining defaults. The
new point A10 is inserted in the model as shown in the following figure.
4. Select Insert > Supports > Support.

5. The Support dialog is displayed. Select Guide from the Support Type field. The dialog is filtered to
provide fields related to the definition of a Guide Support.

• Gap Left: 0.4 {10}
• Gap Right: 0.6 {15}
• Friction Coefficient: 0.3 (pipe friction on the support)
7. Press OK to close the dialog. The support is inserted into the model as shown in the following
figure.
Routing Segment B
8. Select Home > Operations > Renumber All Points to renumber the points sequentially.
following figure.
Chapter Review
Chapter Review
In this chapter we introduced several modeling techniques which were used in the construction of a model.
Before continuing, please review the following concepts, which were introduced in this chapter.
• Piping Codes: Each model in AutoPIPE must be associated with a specific Piping Code.
AutoPIPE will automatically generate component and material options during operation of the
program based on the selected piping code. The code is also used in code compliance
calculations.
• Pipe Properties: Every object placed in a model is associated with a particular set of pipe
properties. These properties are initially defined during the creation of a new system, but can be
modified at any point during the design process.
• Bend Placement: Bends require a unique placement procedure. First, the user specifies a
tangent intersection point (TIP). This is the location where two perpendicular pipe runs would
intersect, and does not indicate an actual physical point on the bend itself. After the TIP is
specified, the user must specify the location of the next component or point. The
downstream/next point helps to orient the elbow in three-dimensional space.
• Flange Insertion: Flanges may be inserted on both sides of a component (i.e., a valve) with a
single command. Highlight the desired component, then select Insert > Piping Components >
Flange. After completing the dialog, flanges will be placed on both sides of the selected
component.
• Tee Insertion: Like elbows, tees rely on the placement of a connecting component in order to
orient it properly. Before the branch can be oriented, a run point or component must be routed
off the branch end of the tee. To route off a tee branch, select the arrow graphic associated with
the tee, then select the desired point or component placement command.
• Zoom Controls: AutoPIPE provides a variety of commands for controlling the display of the
model. The Zoom controls are available in the View tab, and on a special set of toolbar buttons.
A zoom control panel appears on the bottom of the application window, and the model is
displayed as a wireframe. Use the commands in the menu or toolbar, or interactively pan, zoom,
and rotate the model using the keyboard commands listed on the control bar.
• Converting a Point: Intersecting points on pipe runs can be converted to a bend or a tee. The
process is to first route the pipe runs, then select the intersection point and execute the
appropriate Modify > Convert Point To command. Existing points can also be converted to run
points using the Modify > Convert Point To > Run command.
• Intermediate Points: Points can be added along an existing pipe run. The process is to first
select a starting point, then select Insert > Piping Components > Run. When the Run Point
dialog appears, specify the desired quantity of intermediate points in the Generate Points field.
By default, the new point(s) will be equally spaced between the active point and the next
downstream point.
• Renumbering Points: When inserting new points along an existing run, the point names will no
longer be numbered sequentially along the segment (assuming the default naming scheme was
utilized). To correct this, use the Home > Operations > Renumber commands.
• Copy/Pasting a Range: Ranges of components can be copied and pasted to facilitate the
modeling process. First select the range, then select Home > Clipboard > Copy. The selected
range is copied to the Windows clipboard. You can now select a point in the model and paste the
copied elements to a new location. AutoPIPE will automatically assign unique point names to
the copied component set.
What’s Next
• Moving/Stretching: AutoPIPE allows you to easily re-position components in the model.

Select the range, then select Home > Operations > Move/Stretch. Input the new coordinates in
the dialog. The cutlengths of components attached to the re-positioned range will be updated
automatically and all connections will remain intact.
What’s Next
In the next chapter you will modify the pipe properties of existing elements, and learn how to interactively
review the pressure and temperature values assigned to different parts of the model.
4
Modifying Properties
In this chapter you will modify some of the existing pipe properties from the dialog and Input Grids
separately. You will learn how to modify the properties of an existing identifier and how to select a range of
components based on the associated Pipe ID. Later in the chapter, you will modify and interactively review
pressure and temperature loads and demonstrate the use of the Point Properties information dialog.
Overview
In the first part of this chapter, you will create a copy of the model completed at the end of Chapter 3, and
then use that copy to learn how to modify existing pipe properties using the ribbon method. In the second
part of the chapter, you will use the original Tutorial1 model and perform the same modifications to the
model using the Input Grids. The remainder of the chapter may then be completed using this model.
Using the Ribbon Method to Modify Pipe Properties

Make a Copy of the Tutorial Model
1. Open the TUTOR1.DAT model if not open already.
2. Select File > Save > Save As > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat).
3. Input TUTOR1_Ribbon_Method in the File Name field and then press Save.
You will use this model for the first part of this chapter
Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier

By editing the properties associated with a Pipe ID, you can modify the attributes of all components
associated with that ID. The properties of an existing pipe identifier can be modified with the Modify >
Properties > Pipe Properties command. After executing this command, simply select the desired Pipe ID
then modify values in the Pipe Properties dialog. The procedure is provided below.
1. Select Modify > Properties > Pipe Properties. The Pipe Identifier dialog is displayed.
2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 12"STD {300STD}, then press OK.
3. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Input a new Pipe Identifier name of 10"STD {250STD}. By
typing in a new name, the properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where
the 12"STD {300STD} pipe identifier was previously defined.
4. From the Nominal Diameter field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250}. Press OK to retain the
remaining properties.
Hint: Users do not necessarily have to change the name of a pipe identifier in order to
change the properties, but it is often helpful to do so in order to remember pipe
properties of a given identifier.
Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier

In the previous chapter you learned several techniques for selecting a range by segment, or by using the Shift
and Ctrl keyboard keys to manually select a range of components. In this section you will learn how to create
a selection set of components which share user-defined pipe properties.
1. Choose Select > Properties > Pipe Property Points.
2. The Select Pipe Property Points dialog is displayed.
3. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"ST {200STD53}, then press OK to close the dialog.
Note: In this example, a Pipe ID was specified to create the selection set. However, note that
options are available for creating a selection set based on Diameter, Schedule, Wall
Thickness or Pipe Material. The ability to select components based on pipe properties
allows the user to quickly implement design changes.
Modifying Pipe Properties Across a Range

Now that you have created a selection set, you can modify the pipe properties of every component in the
range.
1. Select Modify > Properties > Pipe Properties Over Range. The Pipe Properties dialog is
displayed.
2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD {200STD}. An alert dialog is immediately displayed.
By specifying an existing Pipe ID, you are telling AutoPIPE that you want to replace the
properties of the selection set with those defined in the 8”STD {200STD} Pipe Identifier. Press
OK to close the dialog and apply the changes.
Modifying Pressure and Temperature Loads

In previous exercises you modified the pipe properties of selected components. In this section you will learn
how to modify pressure and temperature loads.
1. Manually create a selection set from A00 to A06. Pick point A00, hold down the Shift key, and
then select point A06. The range is highlighted as shown in the following figure.
2. Select Modify > Properties > Operating Pressure and Temperature.
3. Click in the Case 2/Pressure field to highlight the 350 {2.4} value. Modify this value by inputting
370 (psi) {2.6}.
5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.
Using the Input Grids to Modify Pipe Properties
6. Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating of
the valve and flange may need to be updated).

In this section, you will reload the model in its state at the completion of Chapter 3, and learn how to use the
input grids to perform the same set of tasks completed in the previous sections of this chapter.
File > Model > Open the TUTOR1.dat AutoPIPE Model now.
Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier (Input Grids)

The properties of an existing pipe identifier can be modified using the Input Grids > Pipe Properties tab. After
executing the View > Grid > Input command, simply go to the desired Pipe ID then modify values on that
grid row. The procedure is provided below.
1. If the grid is not already displayed, select View > Grid > Input, then click on the Pipe
Properties tab.
2. Select 12"STD {300STD} under the PipeID column, then type the new name 10"STD
{250STD}. The properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where the 12"STD
{300STD} pipe identifier was previously defined.
3. From the Nominal in field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250} and press the Tab key.
4. The Pipe Properties grid changes as shown below with the 10”STD {250STD} replacing the
12”STD {300STD} pipe identifier.
Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier (Input Grids)

In the previous chapter you learned several techniques for selecting a range by segment, or by using the
[Shift] and [Ctrl] keys to manually select a range of components. In this section you'll learn how to create a
selection set of components which share user-defined pipe properties.
1. Select the row for Pipe Identifier 8"ST {200STD53} in the grid as shown below.
Note: The Input Grids/Pipe Properties tab can used to easily create a selection for a single
pipe identifier.
Hint: Pipes can also be selected by segment or line number using the segment grid as shown
below.
Modifying Pressure and Temperature Loads (Input Grids)

In this section you will learn how to modify pressure and temperature loads using the Pres/Temp/PipeID
grid tab.
1. Click on the Pres/Temp/PipeID grid tab.
2. Select the values in the Case 2 Pres. psi column for points A00 to A05. You can easily select
these values using either of two methods. Click on the 350 {2.4} Case 2 Pres value in row A00,
then press and hold [Shift] as you click on the 350{2.4} value in the Case 2 Pres column for row
A05, OR click to the left of 350 {2.4} in the Case 2 Pres column for row A00, then hold left
Graphically Reviewing Pressure and Temperature Loads
mouse button down and drag down to the value in row A05. The range is highlighted as shown
3. Modify the values in the selected cells by inputting 370 (psi) {2.6} (n/mm2) and pressing
[Ctrl]+[Enter].
4. The pressure in case 2 for range A00 to A05 has now been updated from 350 {2.4} to 370 (psi)
{2.6} (n/mm2).

Now that you have learned how to modify temperature and pressure loads using the menu and input grid
methods, you will learn how to graphically review these temperature and pressure loads
1. Select Show > Show Setup > Show Options to display the following dialog. Select the
Operating Pressure option from the Color Plots tab and press OK.
2. In the Show Pressure dialog, select Operating loadcase 1 and press OK.
A color-coded representation of the model is displayed. Note the legend that appears in the left
margin of the drawing area. Two P1 load cases are defined as shown in the following figure:
Note: Note that the SI values are also included in the figure.
3. Now let’s take a look at Pressure Case P2. Select Show > Show Setup > Show Options and
repeat the steps followed for Operating loadcase 1.
(Optional): Use the Ctrl + U shortcut to display the Show Pressure dialog and select operating
load case 2 and press OK. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
4. To view the Temperature loads, select Show > Show Setup > Show Options, select
Operating Temperature from the Color Plots tab of the Show Options dialog and press OK.
5. In the Show Temperature dialog, select the defaults, (All) for operating loadcase and (All) for
temperature value as shown in the following figure:
This will allow you to scroll to other temperature cases by repeating Ctrl + T or clicking the
toolbar button. When you press OK, the temperature case 1 will be shown as follows:
6. Press Ctrl + T again to review T2.

Reviewing Point Properties
7. Select File > Save > Save to save the model.

In the previous section you reviewed ways to view the model’s pressure and temperature load values. In this
section, you will learn how to view information about a specific point in the model. An information dialog
may be opened which displays properties, loads, and coordinates for a selected point. You can toggle through
the points while leaving the information window open.
1. Select View > Information > Point Properties.
2. The Point Properties information window appears as shown in the following figure.
3. The Point Properties information dialog can be left open while working with a model to provide
continuous feedback on the selected point. This dialog can also move outside the main
application window (provided the AutoPIPE application is not maximized to full window size).
Place the cursor in the title bar of the dialog, then press and hold the mouse button and “drag” it
outside the main modeling area as shown in the following figure. Leave this window open to
view additional point information.
4. Pick point A08 to display its point properties.
5. Pick point A01N to display its point properties.
Note: The TIP of the bend is A01. Bends also have two other points defined for the near (N)
and far (F) sides of the bend. Thus, A01 N is the near point of the bend on the side
closest to the anchor at point A00.
6. In addition to picking points in the model for review, you can also use the cursor keys to move
from point to point. The information dialog will update as the cursor advances to each new
point. For example, press the left arrow to review the data associated with point A00.
Chapter Review
7. Press the right arrow cursor key several times and note how the information dialog is updated
for each of the points.
8. You can also use the keyboard to “jump” the cursor to a different segment. Press Page Up and
notice that the starting point of Segment B, A07, is now highlighted. The left and right arrow
keys can now be used to review the properties of points along Segment B.
9. Close the information dialog.
Chapter Review
• Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier: Use the Modify > Properties > Pipe Properties command
to modify the properties of an existing pipe identifier. A dialog is presented from which you can
select one of the pre-defined IDs. After selecting the ID, AutoPIPE will recall the associated Pipe
Properties dialog. Modify values inside this dialog, then press OK to close the dialog and update the
properties of all components assigned to this ID. Alternatively select the Input Grids > Pipe
Properties Tab which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any one of the pipe identifiers in
one location.
• Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier: The Select > Properties > Pipe Property Points command
allows you to create a selection set of components assigned to a particular Pipe ID. After the
command is executed, select the desired ID from the dialog, and then press OK. All components
assigned to that ID are highlighted.
• Modifying Pipe Properties Across Range: Pipe properties can be modified across a selected range.
First select the range using one of several available methods, and then execute the Modify >
Properties > Pipe Properties over Range command.
• Modifying Pressure and Temperature Loads: Pressures and/or temperatures can be modified
across a selected range. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then
execute the Modify > Properties > Operating P/T command. Alternatively select the Input Grids >
Pres/Temp/PipeID Tab which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any range of pressure
and temperature values for any load case.
• Graphically Reviewing Loads: The Show commands allow you to interactively review various load
information in your model. A legend will appear to the left of the main modeling area, and a color-
coded plot of the loads is produced.
• Reviewing Point Properties: A Point Properties information dialog may be displayed by selecting
View > Information > Point Properties. A floating information window opens to display
What’s Next?
information about the selected (active) point. You can view other point information by selecting a
new point with the keyboard or by using the cursor keys to scroll through the points on a selected
segment. To “jump” between segments, use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys.
What’s Next?
In the next chapter we’ll assign loads to the model, run an analysis, and interactively review the results. You
will then modify the design to satisfy code compliance, and re-run the analysis to confirm the final design is in
range.
5
Loads, Analysis, and Results
In this chapter you will assign various loads to the system. After the loads are defined, we’ll run a static
analysis and review the results. You will learn how to graphically review code stress and user load
combinations results. At the end of the chapter we’ll implement a design change to satisfy code compliance
requirements.
Overview
AutoPIPE provides powerful analysis tools to help you analyze the effects of different loads on your system.
Analysis is a three-step process: First, you must assign the loads in your system. Secondly, you must perform
the analysis and specify which loads are to be considered during the analysis. The third step is to review the
results in order to determine compliance. This chapter covers all three steps in the stress analysis process, as
well as the process of revising the model after the analysis in order to satisfy code compliance.
Assigning Loads
A variety of different loads can be specified in a model. This section demonstrates how to insert
concentrated, thermal, and earthquake loads.
Drag and Drop Insertion of Concentrated Load

In this section you will add a concentrated force at bend point A02 N.
1. Using the techniques described in previous chapters, create the zoom window shown below. Use
Show > Color Plots > Clear to disable showing temperature plot.
Assigning Loads
2. Define the zoom area as shown above. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
3. Select point A02 N, then select Insert > Xtra Data > Concentrated Force to display the
Concentrated Force dialog.
4. You must associate the concentrated load with a load case. In this example, you will assume the
load to be an occasional load (i.e., from a relief valve opening) so that AutoPIPE will
automatically combine it properly for piping code stress calculations. Select U1 from the Load
case to combine with field.
5. Input - 250 {-980} kg in the Z Forces field.
Assigning Loads
6. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A concentrated force symbol is placed at
point A02 N to indicate that a load has been applied at that point.
7. Select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom Extents to view the extents of the model as shown below.
Assigning Thermal Displacements to the Anchors

1. Double-click the Anchor at point A00 to modify it.
Note: In most cases, simply double-click any component to open its associated modification
dialog. Another method would be to select the component, then select the associated
command from the Modify tab.
2. Assume that the anchor at A00 represents a connection to a vessel that experiences thermal
growth. Instead of building the entire vessel using pipe elements, we will specify thermal
displacements for each thermal load case in the Anchor dialog. Input the following values in the
Thermal Anchor Movement section of the dialog:
T1 DY - 0.1 {-2.5} (inches) {mm}

T2 DY 0.6 {15.0} (inches) {mm}
T2 RZ 2 (degrees rotation)
Note: Imposed displacements associated with load cases other than thermal can be input
using the Insert > Xtra Data > Imposed Displacement command. This feature
enables the user to simulate anchor and support displacements for equipment
settlement or displacement due to wind, seismic, or fluid transient loads.
Assigning Loads
3. Press OK to close the dialog and apply the loads.
Assigning Static Earthquake Loads

1. Select Loads > Environmental > Static Earthquake. The Static Earthquake dialog is displayed.
2. Since we do not know what direction the earthquake may come from, it is generally accepted
practice to analyze loads coming from at least two different horizontal directions. Press New
twice.
Case E1 X 0.25 g
Case E2 Z 0.25 g
4. Press OK to close the dialog.
Note: AutoPIPE also has options to analyze earthquake loads using response spectrum or
time history dynamic analysis.
Perform a Static Analysis

Now that the model contains defined loads, we can define a static analysis on the system
To Define a Static Analysis

1. Select Analysis > Setup > Static Analysis Sets to display the Analysis Sets dialog.
2. Select Analysis Set No. 1 and click Modify to display the dialog below.
3. Enable the Earthquake cases E1 and E2.

Note: Throughout this tutorial, the term "enable" is used to denote instances where you
should place a check mark in an option field. "Enabled" fields contain a checkmark,
while "disabled" fields have no check mark.
4. Enable User case U1. Enabling this field will allow us to analyze the concentrated load U1, which
you previously defined at point A02N.
Graphical Review of Code Stresses
5. Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, we will
need to enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field AutoPIPE considers these
non-linear boundary conditions during the static analysis.
6. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog.
7. Since you enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysis dialog to allow
customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization is only required if
convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence is required.
8. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog.

9. Press OK to close the Analysis Sets dialog.
10. When prompted to analyze the model, press No in the Confirm dialog.
To Perform a Static Analysis

1. Select Analysis > Analyze > Static.

AutoPIPE provides a number of options for reviewing code stresses. The most commonly used option is the
default stress ratio comparing the calculated stress to the stress allowable.
1. Select Result > Result Options > Model.
2. The Result Model Options dialog displays.
3. Make sure the Sustain margin (Y/N/E) option is set to E.
4. Click OK to save the change.

5. Select Result > Interactive > Code Stresses.
6. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed.
7. Press OK to accept the defaults.

8. A color-coded plot of stress ratios between piping points is displayed. A legend appears to the
left of the model area, making it easy to quickly identify ranges of values along a piping system.
As with the other interactive options in the Result tab, the crosshairs can also be positioned at any
point to calculate the code stress data associated with an individual point.
Hint: Drag the information dialog to the side of the modeling area. Doing so will allow you
to view both the model and the data associated with selected points.
Displaying Load Combinations
9. Commands are available in the Result > Navigate group for navigating from the least stressed to
the most stressed points. Experiment with these buttons and note how the information dialog is
updated with the new point information.
10. In addition to the VCR-type controls shown above, you can also pick on a point to display its
associated stress data. Pick point C01 N (the near point of the bend on Segment C). The
information dialog is updated.
11. Close the information dialog and complete the stress review.
12. Press Cancel to close the Point Name dialog.
Displaying Load Combinations

In this section we'll review the load combinations that were defined in the previous chapter.
1. Select Result > Setup > Combinations to display the Load Combination dialog.
The information dialog is re-displayed, this time containing point information related to loads
and load combinations.
User Defined Load Combinations
2. As you move through the tabs, you can see, AutoPIPE has automatically combined loads for
calculation of piping code stresses. The Non-Code Comb category, shown above, is for operating
combinations to analyze nozzle loads, support loads, deflections, etc. The default is for the user
to combine these loads manually since different users have different requirements. AutoPIPE
provides an option to automatically combine Non-Code Comb loads under the Home > Model
Options/Result command.
Note: The “Non-Code” combination sets, also known as user-defined non-code
combinations, are the focus of the next section.
User Defined Load Combinations

1. Select Result > Setup > Combinations to display the Load Combination dialog, then select the
Non-Code Comb. tab.
2. Click the New button.
3. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog displays.
4. Input GR+T1+E1 in the Combination name field (be sure the input does not contain spaces
between characters).
More Non-Code Combinations
Hint: The combination name is not specific, and you can input any identifier you wish.
However, you should choose a meaningful name since the combination name in this
field is how the combination will be listed in the output reports.
5. Select 1 Sum from the Combination method field.

6. Select the following to create an operating load combination to consider Gravity (dead weight)
combined with thermal and earthquake loads:
(first) Case/Comb: GR(1)

(second) Case/Comb: T1(1)
(third) Case/Comb: E1(1)
7. Notice that the Factor area of the dialog. In some cases, the structural department may require
that piping loads be factored before they can be used as part of the structural analysis. This area
permits load factoring while defining user-defined combinations. Tab once to the Factor field
adjacent to the E1 Case/Comb, then enter 1.4.
Hint: Another application for the load factor may be to consider the earthquake load coming
from the opposite direction. Entering a negative value can do this.
8. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK button to accept the values.
9. Press OK to close the Load Combination dialog.

In this section we will define several additional user-defined non-code combinations to be included in the
output results. Each combination is specified in the User Non-Code Combinations dialog.
Note: The Gr+T1 and Gr+T2 non-code combinations are generated as default combinations
GT1 and GT2 as shown on the following pages so are not required to be manually
defined.
1. Select Result > Setup > Combinations to display the Load Combination dialog, then select the
Non-Code Comb. tab.
3. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog displays.
4. Input the following:
Combination Name GR+T1+E2

Combination Method 1 Sum
Case/Comb (1) GR(1) Factor 1.0
Case/Comb (2) T1(1) Factor 1.0
Case/Comb (3) E2(1) Factor 1.4
Note: Leave the Load Combination dialog open with the Non-Code Combinations tab active.
7. Input the following:

9. Click the New button again in the Load Combinations dialog.
10. Enter the following:

11. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. The Non-Code Combinations are listed at
the bottom of the grid as shown:
12. Now that the user-defined non-code combinations are defined, select the Code Comb. tab.
13. Confirm that your dialog contains the same set of combinations as shown in the figure below.
You may need to click the Reset Defaults Only button.
Interactive Review
14. Press OK to close this dialog.
Interactive Review
Now that we have a number of user-defined loads in the model, we can view the results for varying code
combinations. As already demonstrated, AutoPIPE allows you to view information about any point in the
drawing. This ability also applies to viewing displacement, forces & moments, and other types of results.
1. A Single Line view of the model is ideal for viewing point related information. Select View >
Mode > Single Line View. The model appears as shown below.
Interactive Review
2. Select Result > Interactive > Displacement.

3. The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed.
4. Select GR+T2+E2 from the Load Combination field, and then press OK to accept the remaining
defaults. A deflected shape plot of the model is displayed as shown below.
The red line is a scaled

representation of the deflections.
This line can be used to illustrate
points of concern.
5. Pick point A01 N to review actual deflections at that point.

6. Move the displacement dialog to the side of the modeling area so that you can see both the point
information and the model. Press the Pg Up key several times to scroll through displacement
results from different loads and load combinations. Notice the level of information available in
the dialog.
7. Close the Displacement review.
Note: The toolbar buttons that look like “VCR” controls can also be used to navigate
through the load combinations. These buttons can be used to see deflected shapes of
other loads prior to clicking on a point. Once the Point A01N is selected, these keys
emulate the Page Up and Page Down keys.
Design Change
8. Select Result > Interactive > Force and Moment.

9. The information window now displays Forces and Moments information about the selected
point.
10. Pick point A00 to view the forces and moments at that anchor point.
Note: As with the Displacement results, you can use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys (or the
toolbar equivalents) to scroll through the different load combinations. Use of the
interactive review options can often be a more efficient way of reviewing output results
as compared to searching for data in batch reports.
11. Close the Forces and Moments review.

Design Change
Having already reviewed stresses, deflections, and loads, we will now iterate through a design change.
AutoPIPE facilitates this process by helping you to quickly re-run an analysis to determine whether a design
change produced the desired effect.
1. Pick point A01 N.
3. Select Guide from the Support type field.

4. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. The Guide is placed in the model as shown
Design Change
A guide is placed at bend near

point A01 N.
5. Select View > Mode > Solid Model View to display a 3D representation of the model.
6. After adding the new component, you have to re-run the static analysis; otherwise, the results
(based on the addition of the guide support) will not reflect the properties of the design change.
Select Analysis > Analyze > Static.
Hint: As mentioned previously, the Static Analysis runs a static analysis using the last set of
options defined in the dialog. Use the command when re-running an analysis.
7. Select Result > Interactive > Code Stresses to check the piping code stress results.
8. Press OK to accept the defaults and review the stress ratios. A color-coded stress plot of the
model is displayed. Note that the red areas help you to quickly determine where the system is still
overstressed.

Design Change
The red areas in the display help

to quickly locate areas of high
stress.
9. Press Cancel to exit interactive stress review.

10. The Guide support did not solve the stress problem. "Undo" the design change by selecting
Home > Clipboard > Undo. The Guide is removed from the model.
11. You will now try another design change in which we add length to the first elbow in order to add
flexibility. Pick point A01 to make it active.
12. Select Modify > Piping Component > Bend, or double-click on point A01.
13. In the Length field, enter 14 feet {4000} mm.

14. Enable the Apply offsets to all following points field. Note that the DZ value is updated.
15. Press OK to close the dialog. The model is redrawn as shown in the following figure.

Design Change
The length of this run was extended.
16. Let's see if the new design change helps to alleviate the points of high stress in the system. Select
Analysis > Analyze > Static to re-analyze the system.
18. Press OK to accept the defaults in the Code Stresses dialog.
19. The stress plot of the system is shown below. Move the information dialog to the right and
review the new results. Note that the model no longer exceeds code stress allowables. The
maximum stress ratio is now 0.92 {0.93} at A01 N+ (inside the bend) and thus there are no
longer any red areas in the model.
20. Press the Cancel button to exit the interactive stress review.

Chapter Review
Chapter Review
• Assigning Loads: There are different methods for assigning loads depending on whether the load is
being assigned to a point or to an entire system. For example, in this chapter you learned how to
assign a Concentrated Force to a specific point in the model using the Insert > Xtra Data >
Concentrated Force command. A thermal load was also applied to an anchor point by inputting the
load value inside the Anchor dialog. An earthquake load was assigned to the entire system by selecting
Loads > Environmental > Static Earthquake. From the dialog, you may define the number of
earthquake load cases and input values as multiples of gravity.
• Performing a Static Analysis: The Static Analysis command analyzes the effects of different loads
on your system. A dialog is presented in which you may select which loads to include in the analysis.
Obviously, loads must be defined in the model before they can be analyzed. To include a non-linear
analysis, ensure that the Gaps/Friction/Soil option has been enabled in the Static Load Cases dialog. To
re-run a static analysis with the previous set of load options, use the Analysis > Analyze > Static
Analysis command. To run an analysis with new options, use the Analysis > Analyze > Static
Analysis command.
• Graphical Review of Code Stresses: After loads have been assigned and a static analysis
performed, you can review the results of code stresses. Many of these commands are available in the
Result tab. For example, select Result > Interactive > Code Stresses to produce a color-coded plot of
stresses in the model. A legend will appear to the left of the modeling area to help you to quickly
identify areas of concern in the system.
• Displaying Load Combinations: The Home > Results > Combinations command helps you to
identify the loads that have been defined in the system. Of particular note in this dialog is the “Non-
Code Comb.” tab, which lists user-defined non-code combinations. By default, AutoPIPE will assume
that you want to define these combination sets manually, as different users and systems have
different requirements.
• User Defined Load Combinations: Use the Result > Setup > Combinations command to input
“Non-Code Comb.” combination sets. A dialog allows you to name the code for identification in
reports, and to assign multiple Case/Combinations and associated Factors.
• Interactive Review: A variety of graphical and point information is available for reviewing code
results. A deflected shape plot of the model can be produced with the Result/Displacement
command. The Result/Force & Moment command helps to review the Forces and Moments loads
associated with a selected point.
• Design Changes: Use the Result > Interactive > Code Stresses command to check the piping code
stress results. AutoPIPE will highlight high stress areas in red that may be out of range. You can then
make a design change, re-run the Static Analysis command, and confirm the results using the Result
> Interactive > Code Stresses command again. This technique allows you to quickly confirm the
success/failure of a design change implemented to satisfy code compliance requirements.

6
Output Reports
In this chapter you will generate a report on the model constructed in the previous chapters. Reports can be
opened, generated and viewed from within AutoPIPE, or directed to a printer. In this example, we will
specify the loads to be included, and then review individual sections of the output results.
Overview
In this chapter you will learn how to output an AutoPIPE report. You will review how to limit the type of
information provided on these reports, and briefly discuss individual sections.
Selection of Output Results

In order to minimize the size of the batch output report, AutoPIPE provides options to select which loads
and load combinations are to be included.
1. Select Home > Results > Combinations, then select the Non-Code Comb. tab.
Disable these
options.
2. Note that by default all of the combinations are enabled. For this tutorial report, disable the
Print option for the following individual load cases: GE1 and GE2.

Output Reports
Generating the Report
Generating the Report

1. Now let's generate the report based on the new options. Select Result > Reports > Results
Report.
2. The Batch Report dialog is displayed.
3. Disable the Displacement, Support, and Forces & Moments options.

Note: AutoPIPE provides options to graphically select the points to be included in the
output report, and options to filter output results based on user-specified criteria. Refer
to Chapter 10 for more information on Result Filters.
4. Press OK to generate the report.
Reviewing the Report

The report opens in a separate window. Press the button to maximize the report window. Use the scroll
bars to the right of the main text area to review each section of the report.

Output Reports
Closing the Report
Notice that the report is divided into sections. Scroll to the Restraint Reactions, Code Compliance, and Result
Summary sub-reports. Note that AutoPIPE conveniently summarizes all load cases and load combinations at
each point, saving the user from having to search, case by case, for the highest loads at a given point.
Closing the Report

1. Press the "close" button (the X in the upper-right corner of the window) to close the report.
Hint: You can easily print this report from either the viewing window or the main AutoPIPE
Print dialog by selecting "Printer" as the output type.
Chapter Review
This completes the first AutoPIPE tutorial. In this chapter you learned how to generate and review an output
report.
What’s Next
In the next chapter you will begin the second of the two tutorial models. The second tutorial demonstrates
how to import models and systems, how to copy multiple instances of a system into a model, and reviews
additional modeling techniques.

7
Creating and Connecting Segments
The second tutorial begins by importing an existing AutoPLANT CAD model in PXF format into
AutoPIPE. After the model is imported, new components are added and the model is saved in AutoPIPE.
The exercises also cover the insertion of multiple copies of a frame model in order to construct a pipe
rack/vessel/piping interaction. The Result Filter options are also discussed. Even if you do not use the
AutoPLANT plant design CAD system, this tutorial covers a number of important AutoPIPE features and
capabilities. While the second tutorial does not assume you have completed Part I of this manual, it is
assumed that you are familiar with some of the terms and concepts introduced previously.
In this Chapter you will begin the second tutorial. An AutoPLANT PXF file will be imported into AutoPIPE
for use in stress analysis. After the model is imported, you will connect a new segment and add a vessel to the
system.
Importing a PXF File

In this section you will learn how to import a model saved in the PXF file format into AutoPIPE. The
procedure involves specifying the file type from the Open dialog, defining initial system values and the piping
code, then saving the model. Each of these steps is described below.
Note: The model used in this exercise was created using Bentley's AutoPLANT PIPING
application. The model was exported from PIPING using the Import/Export module,
and saved in the PXF file format.
1. Select File > Import/Export > Import > OpenPlant Modeler (*.pxf) to display the Import
dialog.
Note: AutoPIPE can import files from a number of different plant design CAD packages on
the market. For this tutorial we are using a Bentley AutoPLANT model, but the same
principle applies to importing other file types.
2. Double-click on the …\ProgramData\Bentley\AutoPIPE CONNECT v11\Examples directory.

3. Double-click on the TUTOR2.PXF file.
4. The General Model Options dialog displays as shown in the following figure. From this dialog you
can name the system for use in reports, enter designer initials, etc. First, name the model for
identification in reports. Type Second Tutorial in the Project ID field, and then enter your initials
in the Prepared by field. Of particular note on this dialog is the Piping Code, as this field can
determine which options are available in other areas of the system. Tab to the Piping Code and
select B31.1 Power from the list and select the 2012 Edition. Note that once a Piping Code is

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specified, the remaining fields in the dialog are updated to reflect the defaults for that code. Tab
to the Units file name fields and set both the Input and Output units to AutoPIPE {SI}. Next, set
the Vertical axis direction to the Y-Axis. When the dialog appears as shown in the following figure,
press the OK button to close the dialog.
5. The Import AutoPLANT dialog below displays. From this location, select the settings shown
below and specify the temperature and pressure loads of the imported system.
6. Enter 300 {2.0} in the Pressure field, 450 {250} in the Temperature field.
7. Disable the Use material grade map option and select A53-A from the Pipe Material list.
8. Press OK.
9. One note and one warning message appear when you click Yes to display the errors and
warnings messages. The note shows the assumed PXF import options which can be edited in the
CADAP.MAP file. The warning message indicates that the file linelist.txt, which contains
operating data for every line number, is missing. In this case, AutoPIPE uses the operating data
entered above for the entire model.

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10. Press the close button (the X in the control menu at the upper-right corner of the window) to
close the Errors and Warnings window. The imported model now appears within the AutoPIPE
modeling window, and you can now perform stress analysis on the system. You can also add
components and modify the model as described in the remaining sections of this chapter.
11. Select View > Orientation > 180 deg ISO to display the model as shown below.

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Reviewing AutoPLANT Data
Reviewing AutoPLANT Data

In this section you will review the imported AutoPLANT data. AutoPIPE has several tools to perform this
review. These commands are as follows:
1. Select > Segments > Line Number highlights a line number for editing.
2. View > Information > AutoPLANT PXF Data shows the AutoPLANT data related to the
current point.
3. View > Information > Point Properties displays the line number at the current point and
distance from the previous point. It will also show pipe properties, material properties and
operating temperature and pressure data. You can use the left and right arrow keys to traverse
through the model.
4. Result > Reports > Results Report will show the analysis results including line numbers and
support mark and tag numbers.
5. Show > Properties > Pipe Properties will show a color-coded display of all pipe identifiers.
The first two commands are only applicable to imported AutoPLANT PXF models and will be discussed
below:
To Select Line Number L100

1. Use Select > Segments > Line Number and then select L100 from the dropdown list as
shown.

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Converting a Run Point to a Tee
Hint: The line number is saved per segment in the model database.
2. Press OK and notice how segment A (L100) is highlighted in red. This is useful for updating data
pertinent to the line such as pressure/temperature data or pipe material properties.
To View AutoPLANT Valve Data

1. Click on point A04 (far point of the valve) and then select View > Information >
AutoPLANT PXF Data. The following window will show valve data in addition to data of
attached components such as gaskets and bolts.
This PXF data is very useful for verifying component size, type, weight, insulation, and material
properties.
2. For easier comparison of coordinate data, it is recommended that vertical axis be set as Z during
import and the origin shift flag in CADAP.MAP be set to ‘N’. Press the close button (the X in
the upper-right corner of the window) to close the PXF Data window.

In this section you will build a branch from point A07 along the X-axis and connect this branch to a vertical
vessel. Before doing so, however, you must convert the run point at A07 on the model to a tee so that we
can begin routing components off this point.

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To Convert a Run Point to a Tee

1. Click on point A07 in the model. Note that A07 appears in the “Active Point” area of the status
bar to indicate that it is selected.
2. Select Modify > Convert Point to > Tee.
Note: When converting a point to a tee, the default tee type will be welding.
3. AutoPIPE displays the tee with arrows to indicate the direction of each of the legs and the
branch. Notice that the leg for the branch points in an arbitrary direction. Click the arrowhead
at point A07 (refer to the graphic below) which allows the branch to extend perpendicular to the
header (in the +X direction).
Select the branch

arrow on point
A07
Note: The arrowhead does not indicate the direction of the run you will be inserting, only the
plane on which the branch is oriented. In the next step we will insert a run point that
will extend in the +X direction; thus, the branch will be placed on the opposite side of
the pipe run shown above.
After the selected arrowhead is highlighted, you can build the branch pipe from point A07.
The Run Point dialog is displayed. You will now define a run to the nozzle/vessel connection
point so that the local flexibilities at the nozzle/vessel connection can be specified.

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Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility
5. Input 32 {9750} in the DX-offset field then press the OK button to close the dialog.
Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility
To add the nozzle flexibility, the procedure is to create a nozzle flexibility element with a length equivalent to
the wall thickness of the vessel.
To Define Nozzle Flexibility

1. Select Insert > Piping Components > Nozzle.
2. Now you must input information about the vessel so that AutoPIPE can automatically compute
the nozzle/vessel connection flexibilities. The dialog allows you to define the properties of the
vessel used in computing these flexibilities. Generally, the thickness of the vessel wall is entered
as the nozzle length for local flexibility of the nozzle/vessel connection. Enter a nozzle Length of
0.04 {12.7}, a Vessel Radius of 2 {600}, and a Thickness of 0.6 {12.7}.

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Creating a New Disconnected Segment
3. The flexibility method we will be using for this tutorial is the Welding Research Council Bulletin 297
Nozzle Flexibility Method. From the Flexibility Method list, select WRC 297. Once the Flexibility
Method is specified, the dialog provides the additional fields shown above.
4. Specify the distance from the nozzle to the closest stiffening ring, or end of the vessel, in each
vessel axis direction. Input the following values:
L1: 2 {600}
L2: 8 {2400}
5. Place the cursor in the Direction of vessel axis field. Notice that the Nozzle stiffnesses have been
automatically computed based on the values we entered in previous steps. From the Direction of
vessel axis field, choose the Global Y option.
7. Before continuing you should save your work up to this point. Select File > Save > Save.

Now you will build a pressure vessel by defining it as a new segment of pipe disconnected from the current
piping.
1. Select Insert > Piping Components > Segment to open the dialog shown below.
2. When inserting a new segment, AutoPIPE assumes you want the first point to be the current
active point (in this case: B02). In order to create a new disconnected point in space, you must
override the Name of first point from B02 to C00, which is a point name not previously defined.
Tab once to the Name of first point field and enter the name C00. Tab again to the Offset from which
point field and enter the name B02. The default is to offset from the origin (0,0,0).
3. You will start the segment at the base of the vessel and input X,Y,Z offsets of the new segment
from the point B02. You are inputting coordinates offsets to the base of the vessel. Tab to the
DX offset and enter 2 feet {600} mm.
4. In the DY offset field, enter – 8 {-2400}.
5. Tab twice to the Pipe data identifier field and type vessel. The pressure vessel will be modeled
as a large diameter pipe with a new Pipe identifier name and different properties from the
current 6P1. By typing in a new Pipe data identifier name, AutoPIPE will automatically display
the Pipe Properties dialog so that you can assign properties to the vessel.
The Pipe Properties dialog is automatically displayed. You will define the vessel as having non-
standard nominal diameter, with an actual O.D. of 48 inches {1200} mm and a ½” {12.7} mm
wall thickness as shown below.

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7. From the Nominal diameter selection list, choose the NS option.

8. Input 48 inches {1200} mm in the Actual O.D. field.
9. Input 0.5 inches {12.7} mm in the Wall thickness field.
10. From the Pipe Material selection list, choose the CS option. A warning message will be displayed
to indicate that CS is a generic material with no allowable stresses defined. Press OK to close the
message.
11. Replace the default cold allowable stress of 13700 psi {82.74} N/mm2. Highlight this value, and
then input 50000 {5000} in the Cold allowable (ambient allowable) field. Press OK to close the
dialog.
12. The Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.
13. Input 40000 {4000} in the Hot allow field. Press OK to close the dialog.
14. Select Insert > Supports > Anchor to display the Anchor dialog shown below. This step allows
us to anchor the base of the vessel.

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15. Click the OK button to accept defaults for the anchor

16. You will now build the vertical vessel using our newly defined large diameter Vessel pipe
identifier. Select Insert > Piping Components > Run to display the Run Point dialog shown in
the following figure.
17. You will now define the critical points of the vessel. Since you will later connect a nozzle to this
vessel, you need to create a point at the same elevation where the nozzle will be placed. In the
DY offset field, enter 8 feet {2400} mm and then press OK.
18. You will now input a run point to define the top of the vessel. It is not always necessary to
specify offsets. Since AutoPIPE keeps track of the segment direction, you need to enter only the
length to the top of the vessel. Select Insert > Piping Components > Run again. When the
dialog appears, input a value of 2 feet {600} mm in the Length field.

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Connecting to Another Segment
19. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

All that remains to complete the vessel is to connect the nozzle with the vessel using a weightless rigid
element. This is done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads is transferred directly
to the nozzle at the vessel surface.
To Connect to Another Segment

1. You will now connect B02 to the vessel centerline at point C01. Pick point B02. Ensure that B02
is listed as the active point in the status area (Bottom line of the screen).
2. The next step is to join B02 to C01 using a tee element. Select Insert > Piping Components >
Tee to display the Tee dialog. (Note you can also use Insert > Piping Components > Run).

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3. By default, AutoPIPE assumes that the tee point will be a new point. To connect point B02 to
C01 you must override the Name of point field and enter C01. When an existing point is specified,
AutoPIPE automatically connects the two segments. Input C01 in the Name of point field.
4. Tab once and you will notice that most fields are grayed out because we are connecting to an
existing point. Tab to the Type of tee field, set the Type of tee to Unreinfor. When the dialog
appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog.
5. Since the pipe connecting the nozzle to the center of the pipe is not real, it is best that you set it
to have rigid properties. Select the pipe joining B02 to C01 by clicking at the middle of this pipe
section to highlight it in red.
6. Select Insert > Properties > Rigid Options Over Range to convert this pipe into a rigid pipe.
7. Select the default options as shown above to ignore the weight of the pipe and account for
thermal expansion. Accounting for thermal expansion this way relieves you from entering the
vessel thermal movements. AutoPIPE uses the material expansion associated with the pipe
identifier material. Press OK to accept the rigid options.
8. The rigid pipe section will change color to distinguish it as a rigid pipe.
9. Select File > Save > Save to save the model and its data.

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Chapter Review
Chapter Review
In this chapter you learned how to convert an AutoPLANT 97-generated PXF file to an AutoPIPE piping
stress model. We used this imported model as a starting point on which to attach new components. Before
we could do this, however, we converted a run point on the imported model into a tee point. After specifying
the branch direction, we were able to route a new run point off the branch and define the local flexbilities at
the nozzle/vessel connection.
Finally, we created a vessel using a new, disconnected segment and defined unique pipe properties for the
vessel. The vessel and the piping line were then connected with a rigid element placed between the two
segments.
Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter:
• Importing a PXF File: Models are imported into AutoPIPE using the File > Import/Export
> Import > AutoPLANT (*.pxf) command. From this dialog, users can select the file type of
the model to be imported then double-click on the file. As part of the conversion process, the
user is required to specify certain properties of the system such as the desired piping code and
pressure and temperature conditions.
• Converting a Run Point: Points can be converted to new point types. In this chapter we
selected an existing run point in the imported model and converted it using the Modify >
Convert Point to > Tee command.
• Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility: To define the flexibility of the nozzle connection, we create a
nozzle flexibility element with a length equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel. This was
accomplished using the Insert > Piping Components > Nozzle command.
• Creating a New Disconnected Segment: A pressure vessel was constructed by defining it as a
new, disconnected segment of pipe. We modeled this vessel as a large diameter pipe. By
assigning it a new Pipe Identifier name, we were able to assign pipe properties unique to the
vessel.
• Connecting Segments: In the last section of this chapter we connected the vessel to a nozzle
using a rigid element. This was done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads is
transferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.
What’s Next
In the next chapter you will review some of the available viewing options.

8
Viewing Options
This chapter illustrates how to use AutoPIPE’s view controls to obtain different views of your model.
Options are available for viewing the components as single, double, or 3D representations. You can also
zoom to the extents of the model, view a windowed area, or view along the X, Y, or Z axis.
View Controls Overview

AutoPIPE provides a variety of viewing controls that allow you to view, pan, and zoom into particular areas
of your model. You can also apply viewing filters to view components/systems that match user-defined
criteria. In this section we’ll use the viewing controls to review and verify the geometry of the entire model.
Solid Model View

The Solid Model view allows you to view the model as a three-dimensional graphic. In AutoPIPE, you can
toggle between single line, double-line, and 3D modes.
1. Select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom Extents. This command fits the extents of the model
within the current viewing window as shown below.

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Solid Model View
2. Select View > Mode > Solid Model View. The model is re-displayed as a three-dimensional
representation of the components in the system as shown in the following figure.

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Vector View
Vector View
1. To verify that your nozzle is located properly, you will select a Z-axis view of the model. Select
View > Orientation > Vector. The View Vector dialog is displayed as shown below.
2. From the View Direction field, select the Z view option, then press OK to close the dialog. The
model appears as shown below. The Z view command allows you to view an elevation view of
the model as shown below. Note that point B02 lies right at the vessel wall as desired.
Hint: You can also click on the view isometric, top, front, or side toolbar icons to change
views.
3. Restore the previous view of the model by selecting Home > View > Default. Your model
appears as shown in the following figures.

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Vector View
4. Multiple viewports are also available from the View tab. See the following examples:
Figure 1: Double Viewports

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Chapter Review
Figure 2: Quad Viewpoints
Chapter Review
In this chapter we reviewed some of the viewing capabilities of AutoPIPE.
• View > Mode > Solid Model View allows you to view a three-dimensional representation of
your model. In AutoPIPE, you can toggle between single line, wire-frame, and solid model
views.
• Vector View: Another useful viewing command is View > Orientation > Vector, which allows
you to specify a viewing plane.
What’s Next?
In the next chapter, you will create a pipe rack model from frame members. After the model is created and
saved, you will learn how to import the model and insert it at multiple points to support the piping system.

9
Creating and Inserting a Frame Model
In this chapter a simple frame structure is constructed to support the piping elements created in previous
chapters. To do this, you will first create the structure as a new AutoPIPE model and save it. Afterwards, you
will re-open the previous model and import the frame. Finally, you will attach the piping to the beams using
supports.
Frame Overview
The long horizontal run of pipe from A6 to B01 requires support. To accomplish this, we’ll create a portal
frame. We use frames in this example to consider mass and flexibilities of the support structure as part of the
piping analysis. Later in the chapter, we’ll import two instances of this frame and connect them to the piping
using supports.
Creating a New AutoPIPE Frame Model

In this section you will create a portal frame as a separate model so that it may be inserted in other models as
well. In this manner, you can create libraries of support structures.
1. Select File > Save > Save (if you haven’t already done so) to save the current state of the active
model. You will be creating a new model in the next step and then connecting it to this one.
2. Select File > Model > New to create the new AutoPIPE model.
3. You will build the portal frame using W8x18 beams. So that it can be easily identified, let’s create
a unique name for the frame to be included in a library. Enter supz8x18 as the new File name,
and then press Save to create the new model file.
4. The General Model Options dialog is displayed.
5. Input the following values, and then press OK to close the dialog.
Project ID: w8X18 portal frame
Prepared by: {your initials}
Piping code: B31.1 Power
Edition: 2012
Unit file name - Input: AUTOPIPE
Output: AUTOPIPE

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6. The Segment dialog is displayed. Normally, you would want to name and define the origin points
for the first segment in the model. However, since this model will contain only beams and no
pipe segments, press Cancel to close the dialog. No starting segment will be defined.
7. Select Insert > Structure > Beam Section Properties to begin creating the portal frame.
8. Select Standard from Section type section and STEEL as the Material name.
9. Click the Select button to open the Section Profile Database dialog.
10. Select W Shape from American country section, W8X18 from Select Beam field and Single
Section from Type Specification as shown below.

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11. Click OK to close the Section Profile Database dialog.

12. Click OK to close the Beam Section Properties dialog.
13. Select Insert > Structure > Beam.
14. AutoPIPE creates the default beam name M1. You will now define the name and position of the
endpoints defining this beam. Input the following values:
From Point I: 1
To Point J: 2
Point J/ DY offset: 8 (feet) {2400} mm
Section ID: W8X18
15. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A single, vertical beam member is inserted in
the model.
16. You will now build the beam forming the top of the frame. In this example, you want to place a
support in the center of the top beam, so you will define the horizontal portion of the pipe rack
using two beams of equal distance. This will give a midpoint on the beam at which to place the

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support. Click on Point 2 to make it the current point and re-select Insert > Structure > Beam
to open the Beam dialog. Accept the default Beam ID (M2) and From Point I(2), then input the
following values to build the second frame member:
Note: Note that the Section ID automatically defaults to the values defined for M1.
To Point J: 3
Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {2400} mm
17. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown below.
18. Point 3 will be the midpoint on the horizontal section of this frame. The next step is to create
the second beam to complete this horizontal section. Click on Point 3 to make it the current
point and select Insert > Structure > Beam to open the M3 beam dialog. Input the following
values, then press OK when done:

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To Point J: 4
Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {2400} mm
19. To complete the frame you will define a second vertical beam. Click on Point 4 to make it the
current point and select Insert > Structure > Beam to open the M4 beam dialog. Input the
following values, and then press OK when done.
To Point J: 5
Point J/ DY offset: -8 (feet) {2400} mm
20. The model now appears as shown below.

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Adding Anchors to the Frame
Adding Anchors to the Frame

In this section anchors are added to base of the frame.
1. Pick point 1 in the model to make it the active point.
2. Select Insert > Supports > Anchor.
3. Press OK to accept the default anchor properties.
4. Pick point 5 to make it the active point.
5. Select Insert > Supports > Anchor to re-display the Anchor dialog.
6. Press OK to accept the defaults. Anchors are now defined at each of the bottom legs of the
frame as shown in the following figure.

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Viewing the Frame Model
Anchors are placed the bottom

of the frame structure.
7. Since you know that point 3 will be the supporting location, pick point 3 to designate it as the
active point, then save the model (File > Save > Save).
Note: AutoPIPE automatically remembers the active point when a model is saved. By making
point 3 active and then saving the model, this will become the default reference point
when inserting the frame later in this chapter.
Viewing the Frame Model

Now that the beam members are defined, you should visually check whether the local axis of the frame is
correctly positioned in order to support a vertical load downward at point 3, and support the horizontal
forces from the pipe in the X-axis.
1. Select View > Mode > Solid Model View to display the 3D graphical representation of the
model shown below.

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Inserting the Frame into a Model
2. Note that the beta angles are properly defined and that the strong axis of the beams is being
loaded.

Now that the frame is defined, you can save it as a separate AutoPIPE model and insert it at a specified point
in the piping system you created in previous chapters.
Opening the Piping System

Warning: Ensure that you have properly saved the Frame model before beginning this step.
1. Select File > Model > Open > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat) to display the Open dialog.
2. Select the Tutor2.dat file from the list, then press Open (you can also double-click on this file
to open it directly).
3. Select View > Orientation > Vector and then select Iso (180 deg) to get the view direction
shown in the following figure:

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Inserting Multiple Run Points

In this section we will define two equally spaced points along segment B where the support structures are to
be placed.
1. Select View > Orientation > 180 deg ISO.
2. At point A07, click the branch arrow for the tee lying on segment B so that the inserted run
points are added along the branch and not the header.
Select the branch arrow

at Tee point A07
3. Inserting a single run point or multiple run points is performed in the Run dialog. Select Insert >
Piping Components > Run.

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4. By default AutoPIPE inserts one point B04 at one-half the distance to B01. You will instead
have AutoPIPE insert two equally spaced points between A07 and B01. These points will
automatically be named B04 and B05. In the Generate points field, input 2 to generate two new
points.
5. Tab once to leave the Generate Points field. AutoPIPE recalculates the length to 10.67 feet {3250}
mm (which is 1/3 the distance to point B01).
6. Press OK to accept the values and close the Run Point dialog.
Two equally spaced points are

created on segment B, the
frame structure can now be
placed with respect to these
points.
Automatic Renumbering
1. After the new points are generated, notice that segment B is now numbered out of sequence, i.e.
A07, B04, B05, and B01, B02. Fortunately, AutoPIPE provides a convenient tool for correcting
this. Select Home > Operations > Renumber All Points.

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Selecting Support Points

1. Hold down the Shift key and click on points B01 and B02. The point names will be highlighted
in red together with the connecting pipe.
Inserting an AutoPIPE Model

You now have selected two points in the model (B01 and B02) where the frame structures can be inserted. In
this section you will define the pipe as resting on the frame without being rigidly connected to the frame
centerline. The connection between pipe and frame will then be defined using a two-point support.
1. Select File > Import/Export > Insert Model > AutoPIPE Model (*.dat).
2. When the Insert Model dialog appears, double-click the supz8x18.dat file. The frame structure
model you created earlier is displayed.
3. Set the base point of the inserted model to 3, then press OK to use point 3 as the reference point
when placing the frame structure.
The Paste dialog is displayed as shown below. By default AutoPIPE assumes that we will connect
the centerlines of the frame to the pipe and thus share the same point name, i.e. beam point 3
will be renamed B01.
4. Enable the Connect to selected points and Apply offset from selected points or origin
fields.
5. Once the Apply offset from selected points or origin field is enabled, the offset fields become available.
You can now specify the offset distances from point B01 where the base point of the frame
(point 3) will be placed. Using the Point Properties information window, these values can easily
be determined. Input the following values:

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Connecting the Frame to Pipe
DY: - 8” {-200} mm (note the use of the inch mark; distance between the pipe and frame
centerlines)
6. Press OK to close the Paste dialog.
7. Another confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to this Confirm dialog. Note that the inserted
frame is located properly. Later we will come back and connect this frame to the piping.
Two frames are inserted into the

piping system.

In this section we’ll insert 2-point supports in order to define the connection between the piping and the
structural frames. Understanding the capabilities of a 2-point support is an important concept when defining
pipe/structure interaction since pipes may lift off a support rack or have gaps and/or exert friction forces on
the support structure.
1. Sometimes it is easier to select points that are placed close together in the model by switching to
a line mode view of the model. Select View > Mode > Single Line View to display the model
as shown below.

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Window this area and

Zoom In.
2. Pick the two points shown in the graphic above to define the perimeter of the zoom window,
then select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom In. Your model view should appear similar to the one
shown in the following figure.
3. You will now add a support at B02. First, pick point B02 to make it the active point.
5. The Support dialog is displayed as shown below. A U-bolt will attach the pipe to the frame. The
U-bolt will have gaps of .25 inch {5} mm to the left and right of the pipe. Since the pipe is
sitting on the frame we will also model the friction between the pipe and frame. Since the U-bolt
supports perpendicular directions to the pipe, we use AutoPIPE's Guide support. Select Guide
from the Support Type field.

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Note: Note that additional fields are presented once you enter Guide as the Support Type
and the cursor advances to the next field. AutoPIPE makes frequent use of these
“filtered” dialogs to request only the information pertinent to the type of component
that you have selected.
6. By default the guide is connected to the ground. We instead wish to connect the guide to the
center of the top beam of the support structure at point 5008. Input 5008 in the Connected to field.
This is the beam point just below piping point B02.
7. In the Gap left and Gap right fields, input a value of 0.25 (inches) {5} mm. This will specify the
gap on both the left and right sides to allow for movement of the pipe between the U-bolt.
8. Input a Friction coefficient of 0.4 to consider pipe friction on the support frame.
10. You will add an identical support at B01. Pick point B01 to make it active, and then select Insert
> Supports > Support to re-open the Support dialog. Note that all defaults are correct and the
only required input is to specify a new Connected to point of 5003. When the dialog appears as
shown below, press OK to define the second support.

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11. Both supports have been added to connect the frame to the piping as shown in the following
figure.
The two supports are

added to the system.
12. You will now complete this section by zooming to the extents of the model and restoring the 3D
view. Select View > Zoom-Pan > Zoom Extents.
13. Select View > Mode > Solid Model View. The model appears as shown below.

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Chapter Review
Chapter Review
In this chapter you learned how to create a frame structure and import two instances of it into the piping
model. Points were generated along the piping line and a frame was inserted at these points. Finally, the
frames were connected to the piping system using Guide supports.
Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter.
• Constructing a Frame: Use the Insert > Structure > Beam command to define beams in a
model. The Beam dialog allows you to specify the Table Name (i.e., W), Section ID (i.e., W8X18),
and Material ID (i.e., A36) associated with a beam member. After these values are defined,
subsequent instances of the Beam dialog will default to the same values. A frame is constructed of
several beams. The user specifies the From and To points, then inputs offset distances from the
previous point.
• Saving the Active Point: When a model is saved, AutoPIPE remembers the active point. This
is useful when inserting the model because the saved active point on the model becomes the
default reference point for placement.
• Importing an AutoPIPE model: Models may be inserted into a current system with the File >
Import/Export > Insert Model/AutoPIPE Model (*.dat) command. Using this technique, you
can create libraries of frequently used configurations for insertion into new models. Models are
inserted with respect to a reference point, and can either be connected to an existing point(s), or
placed an offset distance from a selected point(s). If no points are selected, the offset is assumed
from the origin.
• Connecting Frame to Pipe: When inserting a frame, you can use the Point Properties
information window to view coordinate information about a selected point. Using this

Output Reports
What’s Next?
information, you can specify the coordinates required to either connect to, or place a known
distance from, a known point in the piping system. In this chapter, we purposefully placed the
frames slightly below the piping line and then connected the frame to the pipe using a support.
What’s Next?
In the last chapter you will learn to analyze the second tutorial model. You will assign loads, perform a static
analysis, review the results, and implement a design change.

10
Analysis and Results
In this section you will perform a non-linear analysis on the second tutorial model. You will also review
displacement and code stress results interactively and with the result grids, then apply a filter to analyze the
load cases and combinations.

In this section you will calculate deflections, check for equipment compliance, and verify code stress
compliance of the piping system. The first step in this process is to define a static analysis.
To Define a Static Analysis

1. Select Analysis > Setup > Static Analysis Sets to display the following dialog.
2. Select Analysis Set No. 1 and click Modify to display the following dialog.

3. Enable the Gravity and Thermal Cases T1 options to check for these loads.
4. Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, we will
need to enable Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field, AutoPIPE considers these non-
linear boundary conditions during the static analysis.
Hint: To perform a non-linear analysis, you must always enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option
in the Static Load Cases dialog as described above.
5. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog.
6. Since you enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysis dialog to allow
customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization is only required if
convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence is required.
7. Make sure the Force tolerance field is set to 100.00 {444.82}.

8. Accept the remaining default values as shown and click OK.

Code Combinations Overview
9. Press OK to close the Analysis Sets dialog.

Note: You will be prompted with a dialog asking if you want to analyze the model. Click
Cancel as you will perform a Static Analysis in the next exercise.
To Perform a Static Analysis

1. Select Analysis > Analyze > Static.
2. Click Cancel to review the consistency check warnings.
3. Now that the model has been analyzed, you can interactively review the results as described
below.
Code Combinations Overview

AutoPIPE allows you to automatically create operating load combinations. These operating combinations are
referred to as "Non-code" since they will not be used for calculation of piping code stresses - only for
calculation of deflections and loads.
Defining Combination Options

By default, AutoPIPE automatically performs the load combinations required for calculation of piping code
stresses. However, since users have a variety of preferences in creating operating load combinations, the
AutoPIPE default is not to combine these non-code (operating) loads automatically. Instead of creating non-
code combinations manually, we will use AutoPIPE's default load combinations.
1. Select Result > Setup > Combinations.
The Load Combination dialog is displayed as shown below.
2. Click the Combination Options button and enable the Add Default Non-Code Combination
option.
3. Click the Non-Code Comb tab.

Reviewing Interactive Displacement Results
4. Click the Reset Defaults Only button to display the following Non-Code Combinations.
5. Click OK to close the dialog.
Reviewing Interactive Displacement Results

You will now interactively review displacements to see regions of large displacement, which may lead to high
stresses.
1. Select Result > Interactive > Displacement.
2. The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.
3. You want to review the deflected shape for the operating combination GR+T1 (Gravity plus
thermal case 1). Note that this was one of the default combinations created. From the Load
Combination selection list, choose the GT1 option, and then press OK.
4. AutoPIPE graphically displays the deflected shape for this combination as shown in the graphic
below. Note that the deflected shape is not the actual deflection, but exaggerated for
identification purposes.

Reviewing Displacement Results (Result Grid)
5. Note the large displacements at point A07. To view the numeric values associated with this
displacement, pick point A07 to make it the active point. The information window details
additional information about the selected point.
Reviewing Displacement Results (Result Grid)

We will now review displacements in the Results grid.
1. Select Result > Interactive > Result Grid. The Displacement tab is displayed as shown below.
Note: The Displacement tab is shown by default thereafter whichever grid tab was last viewed.
2. Disable the checkbox next to the Gravity load case in the right window pane and the
displacements in the grid are only shown for T1 and GT1 case as shown below.

Applying Result Filter Criteria
3. Double click on the DY column to sort from maximum to minimum displacement in the Y
direction as show below.
Note: This provides a quick easy method to establish the maximum and minimum
displacements in the complete model (+ve and –ve values).
4. Select the Print button and then Print Grid to send the current grid to the printer.
Note: The Header and Footer can be customized to the company’s standard document
format which is saved to the binary file Result.gps for future use.
5. Close the Result Review dialog.
Applying Result Filter Criteria

After examining the point information for A07, we note deflections exceeding our design criteria of 0.8
inches at point A07. In order to identify all points meeting these criteria, we will utilize AutoPIPE's Result
filter option.
1. Select Result > Reports > Filters > Displacement.
2. The Displacement Result Filter dialog is displayed as shown below.

Selecting Combinations
3. By using the filter option, AutoPIPE will automatically highlight all points on the model that
satisfy the filter condition for visual checking. Note that these points are added to the existing
selection set. Furthermore, we can use this same filter condition to generate a report that
contains only those points that meet the filter criteria. In this case, we wish to report only
displacements greater than .8 inches. Enable the DX, DY, and DZ fields, then enter 0.8 {20} in
the numeric field for each of the offsets as shown in the dialog above.
4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown below. AutoPIPE automatically
highlights the section of the model that satisfies the filter condition.
This section of the model

is selected to indicate that
it meets the filter criteria.
AutoPIPE provides an option to select which load cases and combinations will be included in an output
report. The default is to include all load cases and combinations. You will now disable all load cases (not
print) but the GR+T1 load combination in order to further minimize the output report. In effect, you will be
generating a report that contains only those points that met the filter criteria specified for combination
GR+T1.
1. Select Result > Setup > Combinations and select the Non-Code Comb. tab.
2. The Load Combinations dialog displays as shown below. By default AutoPIPE enables all
combinations. You will now disable the GR load case (Print column) in order to isolate results
only for the GT1 (i.e. GR+T1) load combination. Disable the following fields by clicking in the
box adjacent to the field (ensure there is NOT a checkmark in the box next to the Gravity or
Thermal fields):


4. The next step is to generate the output report. Select Result > Reports > Results Report.
5. The Batch Report dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Accept the default report
file name, then make the following changes to the dialog; these changes allow you to produce a
report which includes only those points which satisfy the displacement criteria defined
previously:
6. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close it. The output
report is displayed in a separate window.

Rotating Equipment Compliance
Hint: Like any window, the output report can be re-sized, minimized, maximized, scrolled,
printed, etc. Refer to your Windows’ documentation for more information on windows
and their properties.
7. Note that only the points which met the user-specified filter criteria (exceed 0.8"
{20mm}deflection) for combination GT1 are reported. You will now close this window and
return to our model. Select File > Exit to close the report window (you can also click the “X” in
the upper-right corner of the window).
Rotating Equipment Compliance

We will now perform a rotating equipment compliance check for an API 617 compressor attached to inlet
point A00 and outlet point A14.
Note: During this exercise AutoPIPE automatically uses the forces and moments at the user-
specified points to perform the compliance check.
1. Select Result > Rotating Equipment > Insert. The Rotating Equipment dialog is displayed.
2. AutoPIPE allows for multiple rotating equipment to be defined including pumps, compressors,
turbines, etc. Specify unique equipment ID to identify this element. In the Equipment ID field,
input compr1.
3. From the Type selection list, choose Compress for an API 617 compressor. After the type is
selected, the Rotating Equipment dialog is filtered to provide additional fields related specifically
to the equipment type (in this case, a compressor).
4. Press Tab to move to the Generate Report field. Keep this field enabled for reporting of this
equipment in the generation of a compliance report.

Reviewing Code Stress Results
5. Define the properties of the compressor by entering the following values in the appropriate
fields:
Suction point: A00
Discharge point: A14
Shaft axis: Global X
Override Nozzle Coordinates: Unchecked
6. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog
7. Now that the rotating equipment is defined, we can review the results of the equipment
compliance check. Select Result > Reports > Result Report. When the Batch Report dialog
appears, DISABLE the Apply Filter Criteria and Displacement options, and enable the Equipment
option. When the dialog appears as shown below, press OK to generate the report.
8. The Rotating Equipment report is displayed. This report displays the loads automatically extracted
from the analysis and equations required by the API 617 compliance. AutoPIPE’s rotating
equipment modules automatically extract the forces and moments from the piping analysis,
saving the user from manually inputting loads for each load case. Notice that an asterisk indicates
that an API 617 allowable was exceeded.
9. After viewing the report results, close the window (File > Exit) to return to the model.

As a last step, we will interactively review the piping code stress results.

2. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed as shown below. Press OK to accept the defaults.
3. The Stresses information window is displayed. AutoPIPE displays a color-coded display of the
stress results by stress ratio. We see that calculated stress exceeds the allowable for the Amb to
T1 combination by a ratio of 1.41 {1.53} at point A07 (branch side). Note that this occurs in
our region of large displacement as shown earlier in our deflected shape.

Reviewing Code Stress Results (Result Grids)

You will now review code stresses in the Results grids.
1. Select Result > Interactive > Result Grid and click on the Code Stresses tab.
2. The graphic shows a color code stress plot based on the selected Ratio or Stress radio button and
the selected code combinations.

3. To view sustained stresses only in the code stresses tab and graphic plot, uncheck all the
combinations except GR+MaxP.
Note: To uncheck all the combinations in the right window panel, click on the top
combination name hold the SHIFT key down and click on the bottom combination
name then uncheck any of the check boxes. The CTRL key can also be used for
multiple selections.

Chapter Review
4. Double click on the Ratio column to sort the maximum sustained stress ratio which shows 0.42
{.41} at point A14.
Chapter Review
In this chapter we interactively reviewed displacements and output model results. We also defined filter
criteria so that we could view specific areas of interest related to the GR+T1 (GT1) load combinations.
Finally, we performed a rotating equipment compliance check and interactively reviewed the point stress
information.
Before continuing, select File > Save > Save to save the changes you’ve made to the model, then review the
following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter:
• Defining result model options: To establish defaults for viewing results, use the Result >
Result Options > Model command. The Result Model Options dialog allows you to establish
preferences, including the ability to automatically include default combinations.
• Performing a Static Analysis: In this chapter we performed a Static Analysis on the model
using the Analysis > Analyze > Static command. To perform a non-linear analysis, you must
enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option in the Static Analysis dialog.
• Reviewing Displacements: The Result > Interactive > Displacement command provides
detailed information about the displacements in a model. When this command is selected, the
model is re-drawn to show an exaggerated view of areas of displacement. From this display, users

Chapter Review
can select individual points to display a pop-up window that details specific displacement data at
the active point.
• Applying result filter criteria: In this chapter we defined a displacement filter to highlight the
areas in the model which exceeded a user-specified displacement value. This capability is
associated with the Result > Reports > Filter > Displacement command.
• Selecting combinations: AutoPIPE allows the user to select which load cases and
combinations will be included in output reports. By default, all load combinations are considered;
however, using the Result > Setup > Combinations > Non-Code Comb. command, the users
can enable/disable available combinations.
• Rotating equipment compliance: To produce an equipment compliance report, the user must
enable the Generate Report option in the Rotating Equipment dialog. The next step is to run the
Result > Reports > Results Report command and enable the Equipment option from the Batch
Report dialog. An asterisk (*) next to a value in the Equipment section of the report indicates an
allowable that was exceeded.
• Reviewing code stress results: Code Stress results can be reviewed with the Result >
Interactive > Result Grid command. After the command is executed the model is color-coded
and a legend appears in the margin of the model area. Code stress information for specific points
is displayed in a separate pop-up window.
• Result/Grids: Displacements and code stresses can be reviewed, sorted and printed.

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AutoPIPE

Basic Concepts ................................................................................................................. 18

Creating a New Model ...................................................................................................... 34

Modifying Properties ........................................................................................................ 71

Loads, Analysis, and Results .......................................................................................... 85

Output Reports ............................................................................................................... 104

Creating and Connecting Segments ............................................................................. 107

Viewing Options.............................................................................................................. 120

Creating and Inserting a Frame Model .......................................................................... 125

Analysis and Results...................................................................................................... 142

Structural Modeling in AutoPIPE

Non-Linear Analysis Options

Local Stress Calculations

Finite Element Theory

Piping Code Compliance

• Dutch Stoomwezen D1101

Advanced Capabilities for Varied Piping Environments

New Features in AutoPIPE CONNECT v11.4

AutoPIPE vs. AutoPIPE Advanced vs. AutoPIPE Nuclear

Feature AutoPIPE AutoPIPE AutoPIPE Nuclear

Maximum Defined Static and Dynamic Load Cases

Static Analysis Cases 27 [Note 2] 82 [Note 2] 82 [Note 2]

Additional CAE Integrated Analysis and Design Ancillary Products

Technical Support and Services

Select Services Online

Around-the-Clock Technical Support

Europe, Middle East, and Africa

SELECT users can get updated worldwide contact information at:

Using the Help

Basic Concepts Overview

Defining a New Model

4. The General Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.

Loading an Existing Model

Return to previous field

Accept values and close dialog

Cancel values and close dialog

DECIMAL FEET FEET-INCHES

DECIMAL FEET FEET-INCHES

AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts

Understanding Pipe Segments

Figure 2-1: Pipe Segments

Rules for Defining Segments

Understanding the Active Point

Move to the last point of the previous segment.

Modification of Piping Geometry

Selecting Points and Components

Inserting a Point or Component

Modifying Points or Components

Deleting Points or Components

Selecting a Range (Creating a Selection Set)

Creating a New System

1. Select File > Model > New.

11. Press OK to display the Pipe Properties dialog.

18. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

Routing from the Anchor to the Tee

3. Input the following values:

Adjusting the View and Completing the Segment

1. Select View > Rotate > Right seven times.

8. Select Insert > Supports > Anchor.

2. Select Insert > Piping Components > Run.

3. Input – 10 {-3000} in the DZ offset field.

2. Enter 6 {2000} in the DY-offset field and 0 in the DZ-offset field.

4. Select point B01 to make it active.