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Hazards of operating on electrical across aisles and under mats, where heat can It is important to understand the meaning
equipment build up and fully extend them. of the concept isolate, since isolation is the
process where dangerous operational plant is
There are five types of hazards associated with Mechanical hazards rendered safe for persons to work on.
the operation of electrical equipment.
Electricity is often used to run machinery, Even after isolation, a cable, or capacitor, or
l Electrical shock
rotating machinery and moving parts are other similar device can retain a dangerous
l Electrical burns always a source of danger, always ensure that charge and therefore, they must be regarded
l Fire and explosion guards are in place. Make sure the machine as alive until discharged.
l Heat build up you are working on cannot be turned on The term live is not only used in connection
l Mechanical hazards without your knowledge. with electrical apparatus, but also to describe
a vessel or pipeline under pressure, e.g. a
Electrical shock Electricity
live steam line.
There is no way to tell if an electrical Because there is a serious threat of flashover,
ISITE
conductor or terminal is alive just by looking shock, arcing, etc. when working in a medium
at it, it should be tested using an appropriate voltage environment, lower voltages tend The acronym ISITE can be adopted to assist
approved tester. Thereafter it should be to be treated with less respect. It must be with the correct sequence of switching
remembered that a voltage as low as 50 V, operations.
made safe in such a manner that it cannot
be energised by someone else whilst it is with a current of ± 30 mA, can cause asphyxia I - Identify the correct operating location
and/or heart muscle fibrillation.
being worked on. I - Identify the correct operating device
The biggest danger of electricity is that live S - Switch
Electrical burns and dead apparatus are indistinguishable
I – Isolate
With medium voltage it is not necessary to from each other. Therefore, apparatus must
never be assumed dead, always presume it is T - Test
touch a conductor or terminal in order to
alive. This can only be ascertained by testing E – Earth
get burned. Air does not normally conduct
with the appropriate approved tester, or by the l Identify the correct substation/MSS etc.
electricity however, when a person gets too
close to an electrical wire that is not properly presence of a visual earth connection. l Identify the correct circuit breaker/
isolator.
insulated, the air can break down and form Electricity can jump gaps, which means that
a conducting path between them to earth. l Switch – open the circuit breaker/
it is not even necessary to touch a medium
isolator.
Coils and capacitors store electrical energy voltage conductor in order to get hurt. Merely
l Isolate the circuit breaker by racking out/
and release it after power has been turned approaching too close can have fatal results,
down.
off and should, therefore, be discharged therefore, it is necessary to maintain close
l Test – using approved voltage detector.
before work commences. proximity distances.
l Earth – connect effectively to earth using
Fire and explosion Close proximity correct method.
There is great danger of fire and explosion Close proximity is the minimum distance any Switch
when working with medium voltage part of a person’s body or work tool may
Circuit breakers can be opened in several
equipment, due to the large fault currents encroach to any unearthed, bare LV conductor
different ways, remote operation is
that can flow in the system. Oil circuit or any unearthed and unscreened MV/HV
recommended.
breakers (OCBs) and oil mini sub stations conductor.
(MSS) and ring main panels (RMPs) pose a In view of the dangers discussed earlier, it is Locally
particular threat. Operator errors can also obvious that work cannot normally be done l Electrically – using open/close switch.
cause faults, livening up a cable, whist the on live or operational plant. l Mechanically – by pushing trip button.
other end is earthed for instance.