2.

zadaci za vježbu iz Matematike1

Matrice, sustavi linearnih jednadžbi
1. Zadane su matrice:
   
 1 2  " #  0 1  " #
1 2 1 0
A =  −1 0  , B= , C =  −2 3  , D= .
   
  3 4   2 −1
3 4 1 1

Ispisati tipove matrica A, B, C, D i izračunati ono što je definirano:

1
1) 3A 2) 3A − 2B 3) C + 2D 4) C − 2A 5) D + B.
2

2. Zadane su matrice:
 
2 −1  " # " #
1 −2 −5 2 1

A =  1 0  , B= , C=
 
 3 4 0 0 −2
−3

4
   
 −2 0 0 " #  1 
3 −1

D =  0 −2 0  , E= , F =  −2  .
   
 2 1
0 −2
 
0 3

Ispisati tipove matrica A, B, C, D, E, F i izračunati ono što je definirano:

1) AB 2) BA 3) AC 4) CA 5) AD 6) DA
7) AF 8) DF 9) EC 10) CE 11) (E + C)B 12) EB + CB.

3. Izračunati ABC ako su:

 1 −1 
 
 
" #  1 −1 1 0 
1 2 −1  2 2 
A= , B =  2 3 1 1  , C =  .
 
0 1 3   3 0 
2 −1 2

0 
4 0

4. Očitati rješenje sustava linearnih jednadžbi iz reducirane ešalonske forme:

" # " # " # " #
1 0 −7 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 −7
1) 2) 3) 4)
0 1 13 0 1 13 0 1 0 0 0 1
" # " # " #
1 0 −7 1 1 −7 1 1 0
5) 6) 7) .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. Očitati rješenja sustava iz reducirane ešalonske forme:

 
 1 0 0 0 1 
 
 0 1 0 0 3   1 0 1 −5 
  " #
1 0 0 0 7
1)  0 0 1 1 2  2)  0 1 0 2  3) .
 
  0 1 0 1 3
 0 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 1
 
0 0 0 0 0

1
6. Napisati proširenu matricu sustava

x1 + x2 + x3 = 2
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
−x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 10
i riješiti sustav Gaussovom metodom eliminacije.

7. Riješiti sustave:
     
 3 −2 −1 0   3 −2 1 10   1 2 3 3 
1)  1 1 −2 5 2)  −1 1 2 3 3)  −2 0 5 1  .
     
  
−1 −6 7 −20

−2 3 −1 −11

1 −2 −8 −2

8. Riješiti sustave:
   
 1 1 −2 1   1 1 −2 −2 
1)  8 7 −9 0  2)  8 7 −9 3  .
   

6 5 −5 1
 
6 5 −5

7

9. Riješiti sustave:

0 −1  1 −2 3 −2 
     
 3 1 0   1 1 1 0 0  1

 −1 2 3 2 1   6 −5 7 8 3   −1 3 0 −4 3 
1)   2)   3)  

2 3 −1 0 −1  3 2 3 4 1  0 −2 5 3 −1 
  
   
5 4 −1 −1 −1 3 11 2 4 6 3 0 −3 4 1
   
 1 2 3 3 
  1 2 3 3 

 −2 0 1 −2   −2 0 1 −2 
4)  
 5)  .
 1 2 −1 3  1 2 −1 3 

  
−1 2 12 1 −1 2 12 2

10. Naći inverznu matricu i provjeriti rezultat:

 
" #  1 2 −3  " #
1 −1 3 1
A= , B =  0 1 2  , C= .
 
2 1   −1 2
0 0 1

11. Izračunati determinante det A, det B, det C matrica iz zadatka 10.

12. Izračunati determinante:

   
 1 0 −2 1   3 5 7 2 
 0 −1 −1 0   1 2 3 4 
1)   2)   .
 1 3 7 4   −2 −3 3 2 
 0 2 −2 −3   1 3 5 4 

2
Rješenja
1.    
 3 6  −2 −3  " #
3/2 2

1)  −3 0 4)  0 3  5)
   
   4 7/2
−5 −7

9 12

2.      
 −1 −8 −10  " # 4 4  −4 2
15 −21
  
1)  1 −2 −5  2) 3)  2 1 4) n.d. 5) n.d. 6)  −2 0
     
  10 −3   
−6 −11

9 22 15 6 −8
 
 −2  " # " # " #
6 5 8 −1 5 −10 −25
7) n.d. 8)  4  9) 10) 11) i 12)
 
 4 0 −4 −2 −1 −8 −10
−6


3. " #
23 1
42 16

4. " # " # # " # " " # " #

x1 −7
x1 0 x1 0
1) = 2) = 3) = 4) nema rješenja
x2 13
x2 13 x2 0
" # " # " # " #
x1 −7 x1 −7 − t
5) beskonačno rješenja: = 6) beskonačno rješenja: =
x2 t x2 t
" # " #
x1 −t
7) beskonačno rješenja: =
x2 t

5.    
 x1   1 
 x   3 
1) beskonačno rješenja:  2  =  
x
 3   2 − t 

x4 t
2) nema rješenja
   
 x1   7 
 x   3 − v 
2  = 
3) beskonačno rješenja:  
 x3  
 u 

x4 v

6.    
 x1   −1 
 x2  =  1 
   
x3 2

7.
 2 + t 
       
 x1   x1   1 
1) beskonačno rješenja:  x2  =  3 + t  2)  x2  =  −2  3) nema rješenja
       
       
x3 t x3 3

3
8.
 x1   −5t + 17
   

1) nema rješenja 2) beskonačno rješenja:  x2  =  7t − 19
   
   
x3 t

9.
 14 + 28 t
   1 13 
 x1  
 x   − 3 − 11 t 
1) beskonačno rješenja:  2  =  141 281  2) nema rješenja
 x3   2 − 4t


x4 t

 −1 
   
 x1     
 x   2   x1   1 
3)  2  =  4)  x2  =  1  5) nema rješenja
    
 x3   0     
x3 0
x4 1

10.  
" #  1 −2 7  " #
1 1 1 1 2 −1
A−1 = B−1 =  0 1 −2  C−1 =
 
3 −2 1   7 1 3
0 0 1

11. det A = 3, det B = 1, det C = 7

12. 1) 6 2) -70