CHAPTER -7

DATA COLLECTION AND BIOFUEL ESTIMATION

7.1 Data collection procedure and factors affecting it.
As we all know biofuel is gaining its importance day by day. But till date there is no much of
work available on the sources of biofuels and its availability in a given location or area.
Quantification of these potential sources like biofuel seeds, availability of waste cooking oil in a
given region is very necessary.

In this regard we have tried to collect the data of these sources in and around Mysore region.
Following activities were undertaken during the data collection process.

 Data of the biofuel saplings planted by the forest department around mysore region under
various schemes are obtained. This serves as the potential source for biofuel seeds in the
future.
 Yield can be estimated based on the survival rate of the plants considering various
environmental factors.
 Waste cooking oil will be generated in all kinds of hotels and restaurants. Data about the
Quantity of oil used and waste cooking oil generated is collected and also information about
how the waste cooking oil is managed by the hotels is also obtained.
 Co-ordinates of the places are obtained using GPS.
 Mapping of these sources is done.

Some of the factors which effects the data collection are as follows.

 Lack of knowledge among the people about the biofuel seeds and WCO which serves as
source for biodiesel.
 Hotels/street vendors do not disclose the waste cooking oil data easily. They have some
hindrance in sharing data .
 RUCO initiative is not yet reinforced in mysore region , so collection of WCO data was a
challenging task.
7.2 Structure of Vegetable Oil Market in India:
India is one of the leading consumers of vegetable oil in India. At present, 2466 crore liters of
vegetable oil in consumed in the country.

(*Source for all data biodiesel Association of India(BDAI))

Table : Vegetable oil Consumption in India.

Consumption Crore Liters Percentage

Total Veg Oil 2,466.67 100%
Commercial 986.67 40%
Household 1,480.00 60%

Table : Availability of Waste cooking oil

Source Availability (crore litres) Potential % generation

UCO commercial 148.00 15

UCO household 74.00 5
Total 222

*Source for all data biodiesel Association of India(BDAI)

 7.3 DATA OF BIOFUEL PLANTATIONS COLLECTED FROM FOREST
DEPARTMENT( MYSORE)
In an effort to promote bio-fuel as an alternative to petroleum products, Government has
undertaken many schemes and measures.
One such scheme is National Rural Employment guarantee scheme (NREGA) under which it has
planted saplings of various biofuel species in and around Mysore region.

Figure: saplings of pongamia

Figure : Biofuel park in Hassan district

 Saplings are planted in Trenches of size = 4×1×4 in a plastic bags .
 1 trench contains 2-3 plants.
 Saplings are also planted in pits of size = 60×60×60.
 1 pit contains 1 plant.
 1 hectare of land can have maximum of 100 pits.

Place Mariyana Hundi

Location 12 17’ 298” N 76 28’545”E
Area of plantation 10 hectares
Year of plantation 2019
Type of species Simarouba
Type of plantation Trench mound plantation
No of trenches 5000 ( 5000×2=10000 plants)
No of pits 1000 ( 1000×1= 1000 plants)
Total no of sapplings 11,000 plants
planted

Place Basallihundi
Location 12 16’ 34” N 76 40’30”E
Area of plantation 15 hectares
Year of plantation 2018
Type of species Simarouba, pongamia
Type of plantation Trench cum pit plantation
No of trenches 7500 ( 7500×3=22,500 plants)
No of pits 1500 ( 1500×1= 1500plants)
Total no of sapplings 24,000 plants
planted
 Place Basallihundi
Location 12 16’ 34” N 76 40’30”E
Area of plantation 10 hectares
Year of plantation 2019
Type of species Simarouba,
Type of plantation Trench cum pit plantation
No of trenches 5000(5000×3=15,000 plants)
No of pits 1000 ( 1000×1= 1000plants)
Total no of sapplings 16,000 plants
planted

Place Kadanhalligudda
Location 12 10’ 30.73” N 76 28’54.67”E
Area of plantation 25 hectares
Year of plantation 2019
Type of species Simarouba,pongamia,cycas
Type of plantation Trench cum pit plantation
No of trenches 10000 ( 10000×2=20000 plants)
No of pits 2000 ( 2000×1= 2000 plants)
Total no of sapplings 22,000 plants
planted
 Place Maddurkere
Location 12 19’ 27” N 76 28’25.3”E
Area of plantation 20 hectares
Year of plantation 2019
Type of species Simarouba, ficus glomerata,
malenoerbia
Type of plantation Trench cum pit plantation
No of trenches -
No of pits 8000 ( 2000×1= 8000 plants)
Total no of sapplings 8000 plants
planted

Figure: Simarouba pla

7.4 DATA OF WCO COLLECTED IN MYSORE REGION

SL. Name of the Location Quantity of
No hotel/restaura Address WCO
nt generated
liters per
week
1 New Karnataka Opp to Friendly 12˚16’55.76”N 3-4
Biryani Centre Motors,Vidyaranyapuram,mysore 76˚38’33.46” E
2 Hotel MB Harding Circle , Mysore 12˚18’29.43”N 15
International 76˚39’35.56” E

3 Hotel President B.N. Mysore Complex Opposite 12˚18’32.84”N 5

mysore 76˚39’34.3” E

Soul Boat , 291-CA,Meenakunte Road,Hebbal 12˚21’13.99”N

4 Mysore Industrial Area,Mysore 76˚36’6.46” E 12-14
th
5 Om Shakthi Hot 4 cross,Dr Rajkumar Main road 12˚18’25.42”N 4
chips mysore 76˚41’36.96” E

6 Rassoi Magic Kalidasa road ,mysore 12˚19’30.26”N 8

76˚37’23.22” E
7 Aroma Bakers Hebbal indusrtrial Area mysore 12˚21’17.63”N 80-100
76˚37’3.01” E

8 Vaibhav 6th cross Main post office road V.V 12˚19’30.74”N 60

Annexure Mohalla Mysore 76˚37’43.06” E

9 The Green Hotel 2270, Vinoba road J.L puram, 12˚19’20.96”N 15

mysore 76˚37’3.01” E

10 G.K Garden Opp soft vision hebbal mysore 12˚21’17.63”N 12

76˚36’23.44” E
 DATA COLLECTION FORM OF WCO

 DATA COLLECTION FORM OF WCO

 DATA COLLECTION FORM OF WCO
7.5 LEGAL ENFORCEMENT
Food business operators often use same cooking oil for repeated frying. It is well known that the
consumption of Waste Cooking Oil poses adverse health effects. In the interest of safeguarding
public health, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has introduced a new
set of regulations governing the use of cooking oil.

 National Policy on Biofuels 2018

This policy has aimed at taking forward the indicative target of achieving 20% blending of
biofuels with fossil-based fuels by 2030.

Recognizing that WCO is a potential feedstock for biodiesel and the cornerstone of this supply
chain mechanism, FSSAI is implementing an Education, Enforcement and Ecosystem (EEE)
strategy to divert UCO from the food value chain and curb current illegal practices.

Implementation Framework

FFSAI is implementing an Education, Enforcement and Ecosystem (EEE) strategy to divert

WCO from the food value chain and curb current illegal practices.

The following steps have been undertaken by FSSAI till date:

 Notified the limit for Total Polar Compounds (TPC) to be maximum 25% beyond which the
vegetable oil is not suitable for use. These standards have come into force from 1st July
2018.
 Issued an order directing FBOs with consumption of more than 50 litres of cooking oil per
day to mandatorily maintain UCO disposal records has been issued. It has been enforced
from 1 st june 2019.
 Launched, Repurpose Used Cooking Oil(RUCO), an ecosystem to enable the collection and
conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel.
 Constituted an Executive Committee to oversee the implementation of the RUCO
ecosystem.
 Released guidelines for collection of UCO from FBOs by biodiesel processors
on 6th June 2019
7.7 Rate analysis for production of One Litre of biodiesel
7.71 From Biofuel seeds

Expenditures
SL Items/Processes Quantit Unit Rate Amount Remarks
No y
1 Seed 4.000 L 20.00 80.00

2 Methanol 0.300 L 45.00 13.50

3 Sodium Hydroxide 0.007 Kg 170.00 1.19

0.75 units for oil
4 Electrical energy 1 Kwh 6.00 6.00 extraction
+0.25units for
transesterification
and drying
5 Man power L\S 8.50 2 persons for 3
hours

Infrastructure and Interest on Capital 13.67 Assuming

6 Investment maintenance and
operational cost as
8lakh/annum
Total expenditure 123.34
(A)
Returns
Glycerine 0.36 L 20.00 52.00
Seed cake 2.9 Kg 18.00 7.20
Total Returns (B) 59.40

Cost incurred for production of 1ltr of biodiesel = A -B

= 123.34 -59.40

= Rs 63.94/L
 7.72 From Waste cooking oil

Expenditures
SL Items/Processes Quantity Unit Rate Amount Remarks
No

1 Used cooking oil 1.000 L 25.00 25.00

2 Methanol 0.250 L 45.00 11.25

3 Sodium Hydroxide 0.006 Kg 170.00 1.02

4 Electrical energy 1 Kwh 6.00 6.00

5 Man power L\S 8.50 2 persons for 3

hours

Infrastructure and 13.67 Assuming

6 Interest on Capital maintenance and
Investment operational cost as
8lakh/annum
Total expenditure (A) 65.44
Returns

7 Glycerine 0.25 L 20.00 5.00

Cost incurred for production of 1ltr of biodiesel = A -B

= 65.44-5.00

= Rs 60.44/L
6.5 DESIGN OF BIOFUEL PLANT

The biodiesel production plant

is separated into five sections
as follows. Section A:
Reactant
Preparation, Section B: Pre-
treatment section, Section C:
Transesterification Reaction,
Section
D: Purification and Solvent
Recovery and Section D:
Product Storage.
The biodiesel production plant
is separated into five sections
as follows. Section A:
Reactant
Preparation, Section B: Pre-
treatment section, Section C:
Transesterification Reaction,
Section
D: Purification and Solvent
Recovery and Section D:
Product Storage.
The biodiesel production plant
is separated into five sections
as follows. Section A:
Reactant
Preparation, Section B: Pre-
treatment section, Section C:
Transesterification Reaction,
Section
D: Purification and Solvent
Recovery and Section D:
Product Storage.
The biodiesel production plant has the following sections.

Reactant Preparation chamber, Pre-treatment section, Trans-esterification Reaction chamber,

Purification and Solvent Recovery and Product Storage.

For designing reactors the volumes are first determined using the mass balance. The volume of
all the components entering the reactor are added together to give the total liquid volume of the
reactor (equivalent of one batch).

For preventing the chances of any overflow, reactors are designed to 75% fill capacity; therefore,
the reactor sizes are 1.43 times greater than the liquid volume. Stainless steel is used as the
material for construction as it is corrosive resistance in nature .The diameters and heights of
various reactors can be determined using following equation:

4V
D=
√ πR
Where, D = Reactor diameter (m)

V = Reactor volume (m3) ; R = Reactor H/D factor

The reactor height H is given by H= D×R.

Figure: Biodiesel production plant