Acknowledgments

At first, I introduce my thanks to the Allah for assisting me to complete

my study and for all other live sides, also I have to thanks my supervisors
Prof. Dr. Moayad N. Khalaf and Dr. Alaa Smie AlMubarak for their
guidance during their supervision.

I express my thanks to the Dean of the Science College Dr. Falhi A. Ali,
also I must say thank you to the Head of Chemistry Prof. Dr. Hassan
Thamir.

Iwould like to express my thanks supervisor Prof. Dr. James E. Jackson,

Prof. Dr. Babak Borhan, prof. Dr. Greg M. Swain in Michigan state
university for assist me to complete my thesis.

. Deep thanks to graduate students in the Dr. Jackson’s laboratory and to

Lunn Gloden worked as HR Coordinator in Michigan state university.

Special thanks to Mr.Abdul-Nabi Hussain, Mr. Suood Abdul-Aziaz and

all workers in the chemistry stores.

Finally, I would like to thank my friends and my family for their support.

Hikmat