Republic of the Philippines  Changing precipitation and weather patterns in many different places, making some

SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY places dryer, with more intense periods of drought and at the same time making other
COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES places wetter, with stronger storms and increased flooding
Catbalogan City, Samar
Telephone Numbers (055)543-8394/ (055)251-2139/251-3436
Website: www.ssu.edu.ph
CAUSES of Global Warming
 is the increasing quantitiy of greenhouse gases in the athmosphere produced by human
Course : Master of Science in Nursing activities like burning of fossil fuels or deforestation
Course Code : MSN 104
Course Descriptive Title: Environmental Health Impact Assessment and  greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earths atmosphere to keep the planet warm enough to sustain
Management life, this process is called GREENHOUSE EFFECT. It is natural process and without these
Term : SY 2017-2018 gases, the Earth would be too cold for humans, plants and others creatures to live.
Professor : Dolores L. Arteche
Reporter : Ma. Elaine Vi Nadera- Sarmiento
 When abnormally high levels of these gases accumulate in the air, more heat starts getting
trapped and leads to the enhancement of the greenhouse effect.
Topic : Global Warming and Climate Change
The Environment at Risk- Ecosystem and Energy  Human caused emissions have been in creasing greenhouse levels which is raising worldwide
temperatures and driving global warming.
 Greenhouse gases are produced both naturally and through human activities, Unfortunately,
greenhouse gases generated by human activities are being added to the atmosphere at a much
faster rate than any natural process can remove them.
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES are causing concentration of the main greenhouse gases

Global Warming and Climate Change

 CARBON DIOXIDE – from burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil so that
humans can power various vehicles,machinery,keep warm and create electricity.
 METHANE – created by humans during fossil fuel production and use, livestock
and rice farming, as well as landfills.
 NITROUS OXIDE – mainly caused by the use of synthetic fertilizers for
agriculture, fossil fuel combustion and livestock manure management

Global Warming  FLORINATED gases--- used mainly in refrigeration,cooling and manufacturing

 is the current increase in temperature of the Earth surface (both land and water) as well as its
atmosphere
 in the past when the Earth experienced increases I temperatures it was the result of natural
causes
but today it is being caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
produced by humans
 NATURAL GREENHOUSE EFFECT --- maintains the Earths temperature at a safe level
making it possible for humans and many other lifeforms exist.
 since the Industrial Revolution human activities have significantly enhanced the greenhouse
effect causing the Earth average temperature to rise by almost 1 degree celcius. This creating the
global warming we see today
 90% of the increase in over all temperatures is due to the greenhouse gases produced by humans.
These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all the major Industrialized
countries.
 Is affecting many places around the world.
 It is accelerating by:
 Melting of ice sheets, permafrost and glaciers which causing average sea levels to rise
applications
 DEFORESTATION – transforming forest into farms has a significant number of impacts as
far as greenhouse gas emissions are concerned. For centuries people have burned and cut
down forest to clear land for agriculture.
EFFECTS of Global Warming
 DESERTIFICATION – making arid and semi arid areas even more dry than before. Research
shows that the water cycle is changing and rainfall patterns are shifting to make areas that are
already dry even drier.
 INCREASED MELTING OF SNOW AND ICE – is melting at a much faster pace than the
past.
 SEA LEVEL RISE – it has risen by 21cm (8 inches) since 1880. Caused this by affecting the
oceans in 2 ways
 Warmer average temperatures cause ocean waters to expands (thermal expansion)
 Accelerated melting of ice and glaciers increase the amount of the water in the
oceans
  STRONGER HURRICANES AND CYCLONES – tropical cyclone activity has seen an
obvious upswing trend since the early 1970.
 A significant proportion of that overall environmental disease burden can be attributed to relatively

Climate Change
few key areas of risk. These include: poor water quality, availability, and sanitation; vector-borne
diseases; poor ambient and indoor air quality; toxic substances; and global environmental change.
In many cases, simple preventive measures exist to reduce the burden of disease from such risks,
 When the average long term weather patterns of a region are altered for an extended period
of time, typically decades or longer. although systematic incorporation of such measures into policy has been more of a challenge.
 Examples: shifts in wind patterns, average temperature or the amount of precipitation. Below are estimates of deaths globally from the most significant environmentally-related causes or
 These changes can affect one region many regions or the whole planet conditions, and from certain diseases with a strong environmental component:
1. Unsafe water, and poor sanitation and hygiene kill an estimated 1.7 million people annually,
CAUSES of Climate Change particularly as a result of diarrhoeal disease
2. Indoor smoke – primarily from the use of solid fuels in domestic cooking and heating – kills an
estimated 1.6 million people annually due to respiratory diseases
 Natural Process 3. Malaria kills over 1.2 million people annually, mostly African children under the age of five (3).
 Volcanic Eruptions, Poorly designed irrigation and water systems, inadequate housing, poor waste disposal and water
storage, deforestation and loss of biodiversity, all may be contributing factors to the most common
 Plate tectonics vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue and leishmaniasis.
 Human Cause 4. Urban air pollution generated by vehicles, industries, and energy production kills approximately
800 000 people annually
 Increased Greenhouse Gas Emissions 5. Road traffic injuries are responsible for 1.2 million deaths annually; low- and middle-income
 Land use Changes countries bear 90% of the death and injury toll. Degradation
of the built urban and
rural environment, particularly for pedestrians and cyclists, has been cited
as a key risk factor
EFFECTS of Climate Change 6. Lead exposure kills more than 230 000 people per year and causes
cognitive effects in one third of all children globally; more than 97% of
 An average increase in Earths temperature during the last century those affected live in the developing world
 Melting of polar ice- Polar bears and other animals are drowning 7. Climate change impacts – including more extreme weather events,
 Migrating birds are forced to change their time and place to migration changed patterns of disease and effects on agricultural production – are
 Melting of glaciers- will lead to higher sea level which will cause floods and put many low elevation estimated to cause over 150 000 deaths annually
regions at risk of disappearing under water 8. Unintentional poisonings kill 355 000 people globally each year (3). In
 Longer summers can disrupt animals habitat developing countries – where two-thirds of these deaths occur – such
poisonings are associated strongly with excessive exposure to, and
 New and widespread diseases because of warm climate
inappropriate use of, toxic chemicals and pesticides present in occupational
 Damaged crops due to suden climate change and floods and/or domestic environments

The Environment at Risk- Ecosystem and  The health impacts of environmental risks are heaviest among poor and vulnerable populations in
developing countries. For instance, poor coastal populations in developing countries may be among

Energy
the most vulnerable to sea-level rises and extreme weather events. The poor in developing countries
generally have the least access to clean water sources, and those same populations also may be the
most directly exposed to environmental risks such as vector-borne diseases and indoor air pollution
from solid fuel use. At the same time, poor people also may be the most dependent on natural
resources as sources of livelihoods and well-being, and thus be most impacted by unsustainable
exploitation or depletion of those resources