Situation 1

A wide flange section for a 4.5 m long column (hinged at both ends) has the following
properties:

A = 14500 mm2 E = 200 GPa

I x = 1500 ×10 6 mm 4 I y = 170 ×10 6 mm 4

Determine the Euler critical load of the column.

Solution:

x- axis y- axis

Ix Iy
r x=
√ A
1500 ×10 6
ry=
√ A
170 ×10 6
r x=
√ 14500
r x =321.63 mm
r x=
√14500
r y =108.29mm
1.0(4500) 1.0(4500)
Sr x = Sr x =
321.63 108.29
r x =13.99 r x =41.56

 Use Sr=41.56

π2E Fcr Ag
Fcr= Pcr=
SR 2 1000

1.0(4500) 1142.82(14500)
¿ ¿
321.63 1000
¿ 1142.82 MPa ¿ 16570.9 KN

Situation 2

Two C 310 × 45 channels, 13 m high are latticed together so they have equal moment of inertia
about the principal axes. Assume both ends are pinned and proportional limit is 240 MPa. E = 200GPa.

Properties of C 310 × 45

A = 5700 mm2

X = 18 mm

I x = 2.20 ×106 mm 4

I y = 40.0 × 106 mm 4

a) Compute the back to back of channels.

b) Compute the minimum length of a column having this section so as not to exceed the
proportional limit.
c) What safe load will the column carry with a factor safety of 2.5?
Solution:

a.) AT ¿ 2 ( 5700 )=11400 mm 2

I x ¿ Σ ( I x + Ad 2 )

¿ 2 ( 40 ×10 6 )
I x ¿ 80 ×106 mm 4

I x ¿ I y =80 ×106 mm 4

I y ¿ Σ ( I y + Ad 2)

80 ×10 6=2 ¿
b=126.9 mm

π2 E
b.) F cr = ¿ σ PL
SR2

80 ×106
r=
√
11400
=83.77 mm

π 2( 200000)
Fcr= 2
1.0( L)
[ 83.77 ]
L=7.597 m

c.) F . S=2.5

π 2( 200000)
Fcr= 2
1.0( L)
[ 83.77 ]
π 2 (200000)
¿ 2
1.0 (13000)
[ 83.77 ]
Fcr=81.96 MP a
Fcr Ag
Pcr=
1000
81.96(11400)
¿
1000
Pcr=934.4 KN

Pcr
Psafe =
Fs
 934.4
¿
2.5
Psafe =373.8 KN

Situation 3

Given properties of a steel column:

A=8100 mm2 Fy=345 MPa

I x = 178 ×106 mm 4 E=200 000 MPa
I y = 19 ×106 mm 4 Proportional limit ¿ 310 MPa

The x – axis has an unbraced length of 8 m which is pinned at the top and fixed at the bottom with k =
0.70 to prevent sideways. The y – axis has an unbraced length of 4 m due to the bracing at the mid –
height. Determine the critical slenderness ratio.

Solution:

x- axis y- axis

Ix Iy
r x=
√ A
178 ×10 6
ry=
√ A
19 ×106
r x=
√ 8100
r x =148.2 mm
r x=
√8100
r y =48.4 mm
0.7(8000) 1.0(4000)
Sr x = Sr x =
148.2 48.4
r x =37.80 r x =82.60

 Sr=82.6

Situation 4

A compression member is 3 m long and pinned at both ends. Effective length factor k = 1.0. the
section is made up of two 150 mm ×100 mm ×10 mm angle of unequal legs back to back and separated
by a gusset plate 10 mm thick. Use A – 36 steel, Fy=248 MPa and E=200 000 MPa .

Properties of one angle 150 mm ×100 mm ×10 mm

A=240 mm2 tr=16 mm

I x = 5.576 ×106 mm 4 x=23.75 mm
I y = 2.026 ×106 mm 4 y=48.75 mm
Determine the minimum radius of gyration.

Using NSCP 2001, determine:

a.) The safe axial load of the compression member.

b.) If the length is increase to 6 m, determine the safe axial load of the compression
member.
Solution:

AT ¿ 2 ( 2400 )=4800 mm2

I x ¿ Σ ( I x + Ad 2 )

¿ 2 ( 5.576 ×106 )
I x ¿ 11.152 ×106 mm 4

I y ¿ Σ ( I y + Ad 2)

¿ 2[2.026 ×106 +(2400)(23.75+5)2 ]

I y ¿ 8.0195 ×106 mm 4

x- axis y- axis

Ix Iy
r x=
√ A
11.152 ×10 6
ry=
√ A
8.0195 ×106
r x=
√ 4800
r x =48.2 mm
ry=
√ 4800
r y =40.9 mm

r min =r y =40.9 mm

kL 1.0(3000)
SR= = =73.4
r 40.9

Using NSCP 2001 (ASD)

2π2E
a.) C c =
√ Fy

2 π 2 (200 000)
¿
√ 248
C c =126.17

SR<C c (Intermediate )

SR 73.4
= =0.58
C c 126.17

2
SR
Fcr= 1−0.5
[ ( )] Cc
Fy
¿ [ 1−0.5 ( 0.58 )2 ]( 248)
Fcr=206.3 MPa

3
5 3 SR 1 SR
Fs= +
3 8 Cc
−
8 Cc ( ) ( )
5 3 1
¿ + ( 0.58 )− ( 0.58 )3
3 8 8
Fs=1.86

Fcr
Fa=
Fs
206.3
¿
1.86
Fa=110.9 MPa

Fa Ag
P a=
1000
110.9( 4800)
¿
1000
P a=532.32 KN

b.) L = 6m

kL 1.0 ( 6 000 )
SR= = =146.7
r 40.9
SR>C c ( Long )

π2 E
F cr=
SR2

π 2 (200 000)
¿
(146.7)2
F cr =91.72 MPa
23
Fs= =1.92
12

Fcr
Fa=
Fs
91.72
¿
1.92
Fa=47.8 MPa

Fa Ag
Pa=
1000
47.8( 4800)
¿
1000
Pa=229.44 KN