1.

) The beam shown carries a uniform load of 30 KN/m including its weight and a
concentrated P acting at the mid span. Assuming the beam to be laterally unsupported,
determine the safe value of P if Fy = 250 MPa when:

a.) L= 3 m b.) L = 6 m. c.) L = 8m d. L = 10 m.

Properties of W 410 x 114
A= 14600mm2 tw = 11.6 mm Sy = 439 x 103 mm3
d = 420 mm rx = 178 mm Ix = 462 x 106 mm4
bf = 261 mm ry = 62.6 mm Iy = 57.2 x 106 mm4
tf = 19.33 mm Sx = 2200 x 103 mm3

a.) when L = 3 m.
0.20 𝑏𝑓
Lc =
√𝐹𝑦
.20 (261)
Lc = = 3.28 > L
√250
Used allowable bending stress Fb = 0.66 Fy
Fb = 0.66 (250) = 165 MPa
𝑀 𝑀
Fb= ; 165=
𝑆 2200000
M = 363000000 N-mm = 363 KN-m
Considering the loading and condition of supports.
𝜔𝐿2 𝑃𝐿
M= +
8 4
(30)(3)2 𝑃(3)
363 = +
8 4
P= 439 KN.

b.) when L = 6 m.
.20 (261)
Lc = = 3.28 < L
√250
139
Lu= 𝐹𝑦𝑑
𝐴𝑓
139
Lu= (250)(420) =6.68 > L
(261)(19.33)
Used allowable bending stress Fb = 0.60 Fy
Fb = 0.60 (250) = 150 MPa
𝑀 𝑀
Fb= ; 150=
𝑆 2200000
M = 330000000 N-mm = 330 KN-m
Considering the loading and condition of supports.
 𝜔𝐿2 𝑃𝐿
M=
8
+ 4
(30)(6)2 𝑃(6)
330 = +
8 4
P= 130 KN.

C.) When L = 8
L > Lc > Lu
𝑳 𝟕𝟎𝟔 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑪𝒃
Then verify if , >√
𝒓𝑻 𝑭𝒚

𝑳 𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑪𝒃
And <√
𝒓𝑻 𝑭𝒚
Determine firt rt
½𝐼
rT = √ 1
𝐴𝑓+ 𝐴𝑤
6

½(57.2 𝑥106 )
rT = √ 1 = 71.06 mm
(251∗19.33)+ (420∗11.6)
6

𝐿 8000
= = 112.58
rT 71.06

6 6
706 𝑥 10 𝐶𝑏 706 𝑥 10 (1)
√
𝐹𝑦
= √ 250
= 53.14< 112..58

6 6
√3540 𝑥 10 𝐶𝑏
= √
3540 𝑥 10 (1)
= 119 > 112.58
𝐹𝑦 250
𝟐
𝟐 𝑭𝒚(𝑳⁄𝒓𝑻 )
Therefore Used allowable bending stress Fb = [𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎.𝟔 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔𝑪𝒃] 𝑭𝒚 in MPA

𝟐 𝟐𝟓𝟎(𝟏𝟏𝟐.𝟓𝟖)𝟐
Fb = [𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎.𝟔 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔(𝟏) ] 𝟐𝟓𝟎 = 91.94 MPA

82700 𝐶𝑏
Also check: Fb = 𝐿𝑑
Af
82700 (1)
Fb = (8000)∗(420) = 124.17 MPa
(261)∗(19.33)
Use the biggest of the two Fb but < 0.60Fy
Therefore use Fb = 124.17 MPa
 𝑀 𝑀
Fb= ; 124.17=
𝑆 2200000
M = 273174000 N-mm = 273.17 KN-m
Considering the loading and condition of supports.
𝜔𝐿2 𝑃𝐿
M= +
8 4
(30)(8)2 𝑃(8)
273.17 = +
8 4
P= 16.59 KN.
d.) When L= 10 m.

𝐿 10000
= = 140.73
rT 71.06

6 6
√706 𝑥 10 𝐶𝑏
= √
706 𝑥 10 (1)
= 53.14< 140.73
𝐹𝑦 250
6 6
√3540 𝑥 10 𝐶𝑏 = √3540 𝑥 10 (1) = 119 <140.73
𝐹𝑦 250

1170 𝑥 103 𝐶𝑏
Therefore use Fb = 2
𝐿
(r )
T
1170 𝑥 103 (1)
Fb =
(140.737)2
= 59.08 MPa

82700 𝐶𝑏
Also check: Fb = 𝐿𝑑
Af

82700 (1)
Fb = (10000)∗(420) = 99.34 Mpa
(261)∗(19.33)
Therefore use Fb= 99.34 MPa
𝑀 𝑀
Fb= ; 99.34=
𝑆 2200000
M = 218548000 N-mm = 218.54 KN-m
Considering the loading and condition of supports.
𝜔𝐿2 𝑃𝐿
M= +
8 4
(30)(10)2 𝑃(10)
218.54 = +
8 4
P= -62.58 KN. (The negative result indicates that the 10 m. length of that beam
cannot carry the given 30 KN/m load or P must be acting upward to carry the
given load.)
2.The simply supported beam W 16 x 67 (English system)
carries a u niform load of 9 KN/m including its own
weight. Assuming the beam to be laterally un-supported
throughout its 9 meters length. Determine the equal
concentrated load at its one-third points. Fy= 250 MPa
Use AISC specification.
W A d tw bf tf rt Ix Sx rx Iy Sy
Designation
kg/m mm2 mm mm mm mm mm ×103 mm4 ×103 mm3 mm ×103 mm4 ×103 mm3
W 16 × 77 114.69 14,581 419.60 11.60 261.50 19.30 70.36 462,017 2,202 178.01 57,440 439 62.76
W 16 × 67 99.97 12,710 414.80 10.00 260.00 16.90 69.85 397,085 1,915 176.75 49,532 381 62.43

W 16 × 57 85.26 10,839 417.30 10.90 180.80 18.20 47.24 315,503 1,512 170.61 17,940 198 40.68

Properties of W16 x 67 A36 steel

A = 12,709 mm2 Ix= 397 x106 mm4

d= 414.78 Sx= 1.92 x106 mm3
tw=10 mm Iy= 49.53 x106 mm4
bf = 260 mm Sy= 0.38 x106 mm3
tf= 16.9 mm

solution:
.20 𝑏𝑓
Lc =
√𝐹𝑦
.20 (260)
Lc = = 3.28 < L
√250

139
Lu= 𝐹𝑦𝑑
𝐴𝑓
139
Lu= (250)(414.78) =5.89 < L
(260)(16.9)

½𝐼
rT = √ 1
𝐴𝑓+ 𝐴𝑤
6

½(49.53 𝑥106 )
rT = √ 1 = 69.78 mm
(260∗16.9)+ (414.78∗10)
6
 𝐿 9000
= = 128.97
rT 64.78

6 6
√706 𝑥 10 𝐶𝑏
= √
706 𝑥 10 (1)
= 53.14< 128.97
𝐹𝑦 250
6 6
√3540 𝑥 10 𝐶𝑏
= √
3540 𝑥 10 (1)
= 119 < 128.97
𝐹𝑦 250

1170 𝑥 106 𝐶𝑏
Therefore use Fb = 2
𝐿
(r )
T
1170 𝑥 106 (1)
Fb =
(128.97)2
= 70.34 MPa

82700 𝐶𝑏
Also check: Fb = 𝐿𝑑
Af
82700 (1)
Fb = (9000)∗(414.78) = 97.34 Mpa
(260)∗(16.9)
Therefore use Fb= 97.34 MPa
𝑀𝑐 𝑀
Fb = =
𝐼 𝑆𝑥
M =( 97.34 ) (1.92 x106)
M = 186.9 x106 N-mm =188 KN-m
𝑤𝐿2 𝑃𝐿
From the given length of beam and support condition ; M= +
8 3
(9)(9)2 𝑃(9)
186.9 = +
8 3
P = 31.93 KN.

3. A W16x31 beam section consisting of A 36 steel. Fy=250 MPa , Fu=400 MPa has two
holes for 22 mm diameter bolts in its tension flange. Fb=0.66Fy .

Properties of W16 x 31:

W A d tw bf tf rt Ix Sx rx Iy
Designation
kg/m mm2 mm mm mm mm mm ×103 mm4 ×103 mm3 mm ×103 mm4

W 16 × 36 53.79 6,839 402.80 7.50 177.40 10.90 45.47 186,472 926 165.12 10,198 115 38.62
W 16 × 31 46.2 5,890 403 7.00 140 11.20 35.31 156,087 773 162.87 5,161 74 29.62
W 16 × 26 38.98 4,955 398.50 6.40 139.70 8.80 34.54 125,286 629 159.01 3,992 57 28.38
3 3
d = 403 mm bf= 140 mm tw= 7.0 mm Sx =773 x 10 mm
A = 5890 mm2 tf =11.2 mm w= 46.2 kg/m Ix = 156 x 106 mm4

A.))Determine the effective tension flange area.

 B. )Determine the amount of moment of inertia to be reduced due to the effect of holes.
C.) Determine the safe concentrated load that it could support at the midspan besides its own weight
if it has a Simple span of 6 m
.
Solution:
A.) Gross area of one flange; Afg = (140) (11.2)
=1568 mm2

Net area of one flange; Afn = 1568 -2(22+3)(11.2)

=1008 mm2
No reduction of holes is needed:
when 0.5Fu Afn > 0.60Fy Af g

Reduction of holes must be considered:

when 0.5Fu Afn < 0.60Fy Afg
0.5Fu Afn = 0.5(400)(1008) = 201600 mm2
0.60Fy Afg = 0.60 (250)(1568)= 235200 mm2

Reduction of holes must be considered since 201600 < 235200

5𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑓 𝑛
Effective flange area , Afe =
6𝐹𝑦
5(400)(1008)
Afe = = 1344 mm2
6(250)

B.) amount of moment of inertia to be reduced due to the effect of holes.

Reduction of flange area = 1568 – 1344 = 224 mm2

Reduction of moment of Inertia; Ix = 2Ad2
Ix = 2(224)(195.90)2 = 17.2 x 106 mm4
C.) Safe concentrated load that it could support at the midspan besides its own weight if
it has a Simple span of 6 m
.
Net moment area ; In = 156 x 106 - 17.2 x 106) = 138.8 x 106 mm4
𝐼𝑛
Section Modulus needed: S =
𝑐
138.8×106
S= = 688.83 x 103 mm3
201.5
Resisting moment capacity of beam; M = Fb xS
M= 0.66(250)( 688.83 x 103 )
M =113.7 x 106 N-mm = 113.7 KN-m
Uniform weight of the beam ; w= 46.2 (9.81) = 453.22 N/m
W = 0.453.22 KN/m
𝜔𝐿 2 𝑃𝐿 (0.45322)(6)2 𝑃(6)
M= + ; 113.7= +
8 4 8 4
 P= 74.44 KN

4. Find the safe concentrated load acting at midspan of W200 x 42 A36 steel having a simple
span of 6mtr. Assumed that the beam is laterally supported. Use AISC Specifications. Indicate
whether this section is a compact or non compact section. Neglect deflection of the beam.

Properties of W 200 x 42
A = 5310 mm2 tw= 7.2 mm Iy = 9 x 106 mm4
d = 205 mm Ix = 40.9 x 106 mm4 Sy = 108 x 103 mm3
bf = 166 mm Sx = 399 x 103 mm3 ry = 41.2 mm
tf = 11.80 mm rx = 87.7 mm w = 41.7 kg/m
bf 170 d 1690
 
Check if the section is Compact not: 2tf Fy and tw Fy

Note: 36 Ksi = 248 MPa

166 170
≤ ; 7.03 < 10.79 okey satisfy
2(11.8) √248
205 1690
≤ ; 28.47 < 107.31 okey satisfy
7.2 √248
Therefore the section is compact.
Then Use Allowable bending stress Fb = 0.66 Fy = 0.66(248) =163.68 MPa
𝑀 𝑀
Fb= ; 163.68=
𝑆 399,000
M = 65,308,320 N-mm say 65.31 KN-m

Considering the loading and condition of supports.

𝜔𝐿2 𝑃𝐿
M= +
8 4
w= 42 kg/m (9.81) =412 N/m

(0.412)(6)2 𝑃(6)
65.31 = +
8 4
P = 42.3 KN