Rooster

A rooster, also known as a cockerel or cock, is a male gallinaceous

bird, with cockerel being younger and rooster being an adult male
chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).

The term "rooster" originated in the United States as a puritan

euphemism to avoid the sexual connotation of the original English
"cock",[1][2] and is widely used throughout North America.
"Roosting" is the action of perching aloft to sleep at night, which is
done by both sexes.
Wild rooster on the Hawaiian island
Sperm transfer occurs by cloacal contact between the male and of Kauai
female, in a maneuver known as the “cloacal kiss”.[3] The rooster is
polygamous, but cannot guard several nests of eggs at once. He
guards the general area where his hens are nesting, and attacks other roosters that enter his territory. During
the daytime, a rooster often sits on a high perch, usually 0.9 to 1.5 m (3 to 5 feet) off the ground, to serve as
a lookout for his group (hence the term "rooster"). He sounds a distinctive alarm call if predators are nearby
and will frequently crow to assert his territory.

Contents
Crowing
Rooster crowing contests
Capons
Cockfighting
The cockerel "waltz"
Religion and spiritual belief systems
Animism, shamanism and tribal religions
Astro-mythology
Norse mythology
Buddhism
Divination
Hinduism
Samaritanism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Shintoism
Taoism
Zoroastrianism
Emblems
Image gallery
See also
References
External links

Crowing
Roosters almost always start crowing before four months of age.
Although it is possible for a hen to crow as well, crowing (together
with hackles development) is one of the clearest signs of being a
rooster.[4]

The rooster is often portrayed as crowing at the break of dawn

("cock-a-doodle-doo"). However, while many roosters crow shortly
after waking up, this idea is not exactly true. A rooster can and will
crow at any time of the day. Some roosters are especially vociferous,
crowing almost constantly, while others only crow a few times a day.
These differences are dependent both upon the rooster's breed and
individual personality. A rooster can often be seen sitting on fence
posts or other objects, where he crows to proclaim his territory.

Roosters have several other calls as well, and can cluck, similar to
the hen. Roosters occasionally make a patterned series of clucks to
attract hens to a source of food, the same way a mother hen does for
her chicks. A young Berg crower at a crowing
contest

Rooster crowing contests

Rooster crowing contests are a traditional sport in several countries,

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such as Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium,[5] the United States,
Indonesia and Japan. The oldest contests are held with longcrowers.
The long crowing of a Berg crower
Depending on the breed, either the duration of the crowing or the
times the rooster crows within a certain time is measured.

Capons
A capon is a castrated rooster. In the caponization procedure, the
bird's testes are completely removed; a surgical procedure is
required for this as the rooster's sexual organs are internal. As a
result of this procedure, certain male physical characteristics will
experience stunted development:

The comb and wattles cease growing after castration, Play media
giving a capon's head a dwarfed appearance. Normal length crowing (with audio)
The hackle, tail and saddle feathers grow unusually long.

Caponization also affects the disposition of the bird. Removal of the bird's testes eliminates the male sex
hormones, lessening the male sex instincts and changing their behaviour: the birds become more docile, less
active, and tend not to fight.
This procedure produces a unique type of poultry meat which is
favoured by a specialized market. The meat of normal uncastrated
roosters has a tendency to become coarse, stringy and tough as the
birds age. This process does not occur in the capon. As caponized
roosters grow more slowly than intact males, they accumulate more
body fat. The concentration of fat in both the light and dark areas of
the capon meat is greater than in that of the uncastrated males.
Overall, it is often thought that capon meat is more tender, juicy, and
flavorful than regular chicken.
Two cocks fighting
Cockfighting
A cockfight is a contest held in a ring called a cockpit between two
gamecocks or cocks, with the first use of the word gamecock
(denoting use of the cock in game, sport, pastime or entertainment)
appearing in 1646.[6] after the term "cock of the game" used by
George Wilson, in the earliest known book on the secular sport of
cockfighting in The Commendation of Cocks and Cock Fighting in
1607. Gamecocks are not typical farm chickens. The cocks are
specially bred and trained for increased stamina and strength. The
comb and wattle are removed from a young gamecock because, if
left intact, they would be a disadvantage during a match. This
process is called dubbing. Sometimes the cocks are given drugs to
increase their stamina or thicken their blood, which increases their
chances of winning. Cockfighting is considered a traditional sporting
event by some, and an example of animal cruelty by others and is
therefore outlawed in most countries.[7] Usually wagers are made on
the outcome of the match, with the surviving or last-bird-standing
being declared the winner.
A rooster from the Philippines
There are religious significance and aspects of the rooster and the crowing. Note the characteristic neck
cockfight which are exampled by the religious belief of Tabuh Rah, bending that always takes place
a religious and spiritual cockfight where a rooster is used in religious during crowing.
custom by allowing him to fight against another rooster in the
Balinese Hinduism spiritual appeasement exercise of Tabuh Rah, a
form of animal sacrifice, where ritual fights usually take place
outside the temple and follow an ancient and complex ritual as set
out in the sacred lontar manuscripts.[8] Similarly within the religious
schema of Christianity and the cockfight within a religious, spiritual
and sacred context, there are numerous representations of the rooster
or the cock and the cockfight as a religious vessel found in the
Catacombs from the earliest period[9] as well as similar illustrations
of cocks in fighting stance[10] taken from the Vivian Bible.

The cockerel "waltz"

The cockerel "waltz", when the cockerel struts in a half circle with A fighting cock for sale
one wing extended down, is an aggressive approach signifying to
females his dominance, and usually, the female will submit by
running or moving away from the cockerel in acknowledgement. On rare occasions, the hen will attempt to
fight the cockerel for dominance. Once dominance is established, the cockerel will rarely waltz again. When
other cockerels are in the hen yard, this waltz is used significantly
more and most cockerels will waltz together if dominance has not
been established; either one will back off, or the two cockerels will
fight. Note also that the cockerel will waltz again if he is taken out
of the pen for a period, usually 24 hours, and put back.

Some more aggressive cockerels will drop and extend both wings
and puff out all their body feathers to give the hens or other cocks
the impression of a larger size, and charge through the hen yard.
Statue of a Rooster Cock at a park in
Religion and spiritual belief systems South India

Since antiquity, the rooster has been, and still is, a sacred animal in
some cultures[11] and deeply embedded within various religious
belief systems and religious worship. The term "Persian bird" for the
cock would appear to have been given by the Greeks after Persian
contact "because of his great importance and his religious use among
the Persians",[12] but even long before that time, in Iran, during the
Kianian Period, from about 2000 BC to about 700 BC, "the cock
was the most sacred"[13].

Animism, shamanism and tribal religions Rooster

In Southeast Asia, understandings and interpretations of indigenous

beliefs of the veneration of spirits and deities remain strong and for many who are practicing Christians
there is still the veneration of the traditional spirits (anito) as in northern Philippines. Animist beliefs extend
to the rooster and the cockfight, "a popular form of fertility worship among almost all Southeast Asians"[14]
further considered by some within the Judeo-Christian ethic as a form of Baal or Baalim. Aluk or Aluk To
Dolo a sect of Agama Hindu Dharma as a part of religion in Indonesia, within the Toraja society and the
people of Tana Toraja, embrace religious rituals such as the funeral ceremony where a sacred cockfight is an
integral part of the religious ceremony and considered sacred within that spiritual realm.[15]

In several myths the cock has the power to revive the dead or to make a wish come true and is well known
in Torajan cosmology.[16] Kaharingan, an animist folk religion of the Iban branch of the Dayak people,
accepted as a form of Hinduism by the Indonesian government, includes the belief of a supreme deity as
well as the rooster and cockfight in relation to that of the spiritual and religious and some with the belief that
humans become the fighting cocks of god, with the Iban further believing the rooster and cockfight was
introduced to them by god.[17] Gawai Dayak a festival of the Dayaks includes the cockfight and the waving
of a rooster over offerings while asking for guidance and blessings with the rooster being sacrificed and the
blood included in spiritual offering,[18] while the Tiwah festival involves the sacrifice of many animals
including the chicken as offerings to the Supreme God.[19] Ikenga, an alusi of the Igbo people in
southeastern Nigeria requires consecration before religious use with offerings which include the sacrificial
blood of a rooster or ram for the spirit.

Miao (i.e. Hmong) are animists, shamanists and ancestor worshipers with beliefs being affected in varying
degrees by Taoism, Buddhism and Christianity. At the Miao New Year there may be the sacrifice of
domestic animals and there may be cockfights.[20] The Hmong of Southeast Guizhou will cover the rooster
with a piece of red cloth and then hold it up to worship and sacrifice to the Heaven and the Earth. In
Shamanism in the Hmong culture, a shaman may use a rooster in religious ceremony as it is said that the
rooster shields the shaman from "evil" spirits by making him invisible as the evil spirits only see the
rooster's spirit. In a 2010 trial of a Sheboygan Wisconsin Hmong who was charged with staging a cockfight,
it was stated that the roosters were "kept for both food and religious
purposes",[21] resulting in an acquittal.[22] In Viet Nam fighting roosters
or fighting cocks are colloquially called "sacred chickens".[23]

Santería which originated in Cuba from native Caribbean culture,

Catholicism, and the Yoruba religion of West Africa "ritually sacrifices
chickens".[11] Khasi people believe the rooster is sacrificed as a substitute
for man, it being thought that the cock when sacrificed "bears the sins of
the man"[24] (See also similarity of Kapport in Judaism) Yoruba oral
history tells of God lowering Oduduwa down from the sky, the ancestor of
all people, bringing with him a rooster, some dirt, and a palm seed. The
dirt was thrown into the water and the cock scratched it to form land, and
the seed grew into a tree with sixteen limbs, the original sixteen
kingdoms.[25] "The sacrifice of a cock and a ritual cockfight was part of Yoruba carved and painted
the Imbolc festivities in honour of the pan-Celtic goddess Brighid".[26] In wood tribal statue of a "cock
the 20th century, Imbolc was resurrected as a religious festival in fight"
Neopaganism, specifically in Wicca, Neo-druidry and Celtic
Reconstructionism.[27][28]

Astro-mythology

It is understood that the constellations of the zodiac within the belief

system of astrology, "the religion of the stars",[29] originated in the
ancient land of Babylonia (including modern day Iraq). The lore of
the True Shepherd of Anu (SIPA.ZI.AN.NA – Orion and his
accompanying animal symbol, the Rooster, with both representing
the herald of the gods, being their divinely ordained role to
communicate messages of the gods.[30] "The Heavenly Shepherd" or
"True Shepherd of Anu" – Anu being the chief god of the heavenly
realms.[31] On the star map the figure of the Rooster was shown Rooster depicted
below and behind the figure of the True Shepherd, both representing
the herald of the gods, in his bird and human forms respectively.[32]
Nergal, an idol of the Assyrians, Babylonians, Phoenicians, and
Persians, whose name means, "a dunghill cock".[32] (Dictionary of
Phrase and Fable, Brewer, 1900) Astrological mythology of the
Assyrians and Babylonians was that the idol "Nergal represents the
planet Mars, which was ever the emblem of bloodshed".[33] The
Rooster is the tenth of the twelve animal symbols in the Chinese zodiac.
It is suggested that the Pleiades are called the hens of Frigg or of Freya
by Norse peoples.[34] That the three stars of Orion's belt was called the
Distaff of Frigg seems undoubtable[35] -. See also Kukkuta Sastra in Etruscan askos in the form of a
Divination. rooster, 4th century B.C.,
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York
Norse mythology

In Norse mythology, the crowing of three particular roosters occur at the beginning of the foretold events of
Ragnarök. In the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá, references to Ragnarök begin from stanza 40 until 58, with the
rest of the poem describing the aftermath. In the poem, a völva—a Nore seeress—recites information to the
wisdom-seeking god Odin. In stanza 41, the völva says:
 Old Norse: English:

Fylliz fiǫrvi It sates itself on the life-blood

feigra manna, of fated men,
rýðr ragna siǫt paints red the powers' homes
rauðom dreyra. with crimson gore.
Svǫrt verða sólskin Black become the sun's beams
of sumor eptir, in the summers that follow,
veðr ǫll válynd. weathers all treacherous.
Vitoð ér enn, eða hvat?[36] Do you still seek to know? And what?[36]

The völva then describes three roosters crowing: In stanza 42, the jötunn herdsman Eggthér sits on a mound
and cheerfully plays his harp while the crimson rooster Fjalar (Old Norse "hider, deceiver"[37]) crows in the
forest Gálgviðr. The golden rooster Gullinkambi crows to the Æsir in Valhalla, and the third, unnamed soot-
red rooster crows in the halls of the underworld location of Hel in stanza 43.[38] The poem Fjölsvinnsmál
also mentions a rooster by the name of Víðópnir.[39] According to the poem, the rooster sits atop the tree
Mímameiðr, likely another name for the central cosmological tree Yggdrasil.[40]

Buddhism

Bayon Temple is an ancient Buddhist temple that also incorporates elements

of Hindu cosmology includes "a depiction of a cockfight" within the walls of
the temple.[41] which continues today within a debate of "religious
sanctity"[42] With the rambling strutting roosters of the Buddhist temple of
Wat Suwankhiri[43] on a Payathonsu cliff nearby, during April, Three
Pagodas Pass becomes a site of the Songkran Festival with cockfights.[44]
Sacred Buddhist amulets are made within that religious schema, created and
blessed in various temples in Thailand, many depicting Buddha with cocks in
fighting stance, sacred within that religion. The bird that symbolises greed in
Tibetan Buddhist murals is sometimes said to be a cock.

Divination

Divination, a part of many religions is derived from the Latin divinare "to
Sacred Buddha amulet
foresee, to be inspired by a god"[45][46] and as a part of divination comes
blessed in Wat Wangtakian
alectryomancy, which means rooster and divination respectively, with the
Temple, Jorrakaepuek
intent of communication between the gods and man in which the diviner District, Kanjanaburee,
observes a cock, pecking at grain, with Judaism forbidding acts of divination Thailand
in the Hebrew Bible Deuteronomy 18:10-12. Alectormancy though is also
sacrificing a sacred rooster, with the use of the sacred rooster through
alectryomancy further understood within that religious character and likewise defined as the rooster fight or
cockfight or cockfighting[47] with the intent of communication between the gods and man. Kukkuta Sastra
(Cock Astrology) is a form of divination based on the rooster fight and commonly believed in coastal
districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is prevalent in the state, especially in the districts of Krishna, Guntur,
East Godavari and West Godavari and the Sankranti festival.

Hinduism
Hindu war god Karthikeya is depicted with a rooster on his flag. A
demon Surapadman was split into two and the halves turned into the
peacock (his mount) and the rooster in his flag. Balinese Hinduism
includes the religious belief of Tabuh Rah, a religious cockfight
where a rooster is used to fight against another rooster. The altar and
deity Ida Ratu Saung may be seen with a fighting cock in his
hand[48] with the spilling of blood being necessary as purification to
appease the evil spirits. Ritual fights usually take place outside the
temple proper and follow an ancient and complex ritual as set out in
the sacred lontar manuscripts.[49] Likewise a popular Hindu ritual
form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala, India is the blood
offering to the Theyyam gods. Despite being forbidden in the Vedic
philosophy of sattvic Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism,[50] Karttikeya with Vel and Seval
Theyyam deities are propitiated through the rooster sacrifice where (rooster), coin of the Yaudheyas
the religious cockfight is a religious exercise of offering blood to the 200 BCE
Theyyam gods. Pongal or Makar Sankranti is a Hindu harvest
festival. In southern state of Tamil Nadu and western state of
Gujarat, an event of the celebrations is rooster fighting also known as Seval Sandai or Kozhi kettu. It is also
practiced in Tulunadu.[51] Kozhi kettu organized as part of religious events are permitted.[52]

Samaritanism

The Samaritans or 'Cutheans' are an ethnic group with a long history, once widely distributed and powerful.
From Assyria they extended to India, China, Arabia Petraea and Abyssinia. They were also introduced by
the Assyrian Empire into Samaria, in a policy of mass deportations. They had their Samaritan Temple on
Mount Gerizim, opposite the Temple in Jerusalem, and they worshipped the Mesopotamian deity Nergal: his
emblem was a cock (rooster).[53][54]

Judaism

The Zohar (iii. 22b, 23a, 49b), the book of Jewish mysticism and collection of writings on the Torah written
by first century tannaic sage Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai (Rashbi), tells of a celestial manifestation, which
causes the crowing of the roosters; known also in the Talmud, is "blessed be He who has given the cock
intelligence", (Ber. 60b).[55] and as well as Job 38:36 in the Douay-Rheims Bible. Not only "In the rabbinic
literature, the cockcrow is used as general marking of time",[56] but also some of the Sages interpreted the
"cockcrow" to mean the voice of the Temple officer who summoned all priests, Levites, and Israelites to
their duties and used as such because the Hebrew gever was used also to mean a "rooster" in addition to the
meaning of "man, strong man".[57]

The Talmud likewise provides the statement "Had the Torah not been given to us, we would have learned
modesty from cats, honest toil from ants, chastity from doves and gallantry from cocks"[58] – (Jonathan ben
Nappaha. Talmud: Erubin 100b), which may be further understood as to that of the gallantry of cocks being
taken in the context of a religious instilling vessel of "a girt one of the loins" (Young's Literal Translation)
that which is "stately in his stride" and "move with stately bearing" within the Book of Proverbs 30:29-31.
Saʻadiah ben Yosef Gaon (Saadia Gaon) identifies the definitive trait of "a cock girded about the loins"
within Proverbs 30:31(Douay–Rheims Bible) as "the honesty of their behavior and their success",[59]
identifying a spiritual purpose of a religious vessel within that religious and spiritual instilling schema of
purpose and use, within Judeo-Christian traditions. The Hebrew term zarzir, which literally means "girt";
"that which is girt in the loins" (BDB 267 s.v.) is recognized in the Targum as well as the Chaldaic, Syriac,
Arabic, LXX and Vulgate with all referencing the fighting rooster or fighting cock as the religious vessel.
The ancient Hebrew versions identified the Hebrew "a girt one of the loins" of Proverbs 30:31 as a rooster,
"which most of the old translations and Rabbis understood to be a fighting cock",[60] with also the Arabic
sarsar or sirsir being an onomatopoeticon or onomatopoeia for rooster (alektor) as the Hebrew zarzir of
Proverbs 30:31. "Rooster (Gallus domesticus) bones were identified at Lachish dating to early Iron II",[61]
but even earlier not to be ruled out, which corresponds was well with "as for Palestine, the earliest chicken
bones are present in Iron Age I strata in Lachish and Tell Hasben".[62] Further we see the rooster placed
within the Star of David, known in Hebrew as the Shield of David or Magen David and recognized of
Jewish identity and Judaism. In excavations at Gibeon, near Jerusalem, dating to the seventh century B.C.,
potsherds were found incised with cocks and "some of them placed within the six-pointed star of the Magen
David".[63] The seal of Jaazaniah carries the insignia of a rooster from the ruins of the biblical Judean
kingdom at Mizpah, with the inscription of "belonging to Jaazaniah, servant to the king".,[64][65] the first
known representation of the chicken in Palestine, and from II Kings 25:23, we know of one Jaazaniah the
Maschathit, who was an official under Gedalish at Mizpah.

Plutarch said the inhabitants of Caria carried the emblem of the rooster on the end of their lances and relates
that origin to Artaxerxes, who awarded a Carian who was said to have killed Cyrus the Younger at the battle
of Cunaxa in 401 B.C "the privilege of carrying ever after a golden cock upon his spear before the first ranks
of the army in all expeditions"[66] and the Carians also wore crested helmets at the time of Herodotus, for
which reason "the Persians gave the Carians the name of cocks".[67] It is Carites in 2 Kings 11 who were
used by Jehoiada to protect Joash son of Ahaziah of the line of David, ancestor to Christ from Athaliah. In
the Jewish religious practice of Kapparos, a rooster as a religious vessel is swung around the head and then
slaughtered on the afternoon before Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The meat is the distributed among
the poor for their pre-fast meal. The purpose of the ritual is the expiation of sins of the man as the animal
symbolically receives all the man's sins, which is based on the reconciliation of Isaiah 1:18. The religious
practice is mentioned for the first time by Natronai ben Hilai, Gaon of the Academy of Sura in Babylonia, in
853 C.E., who describes it as a custom of the Babylonian Jews and further explained by Jewish scholars in
the ninth century by that since the Hebrew word geber (Gever)[68] means both "man" and "rooster" the
rooster may act or serve as a palpable substitute as a religious vessel in place of the man with the practice
also having been as a custom of the Persian Jews.

Christianity

In East Timor, one of the two predominately Christian nations in southeast Asia (the Philippines being the
other), for some, the roof of the house is reserved for gods and spirits of ancestors, the lower portion remains
for the nature spirit and usually occupied by animals, and the cock is admired because of courage and
perseverance, with the courage of a man compared with that of the cock, with the cockfight occurring
regularly and "many tais designs include the cock".[69] Reverend Dr. Kosuke Koyama's thoughts and words
spreading the Christian gospel while in Indonesia of, this morning I say to myself, "I will try to bring the
gospel of Christ through the medium of cockfighting!"[70] may be further understood not only in the
spiritual understandings of many in Indonesia but further in the light of numerous representations of the
rooster or cock as a religious vessel found in the Catacombs from the earliest period[9] including a painting
from the Catacomb of St. Priscilla (mentioned in all the ancient liturgical sources and known as the "Queen
of the Catacombs" in antiquity) reproduced in Giovanni Gaetano Bottari's folio of 1754, where the Good
Shepherd is depicted as feeding the lambs, with a crowing cock on His right and left hand.[71]

Likewise as well within the Christian "Tomb of the Cocks" in Beit Jibrin, which was a Palestinian Arab
village located 13 miles northwest of the city of Hebron and part of the Kingdom of Israel, "we find two
spirited cocks painted in red in the spandrels with a cross just over the center of the arch".[72] Similarly a
multitude of sarcophagi are found with the rooster and the sacred cockfight with the understanding of
striving for resurrection and eternal life in Christianity. This sacred subject carved on early Christian tombs,
where the sepulchral carvings have an important purpose, "a faithful
wish for immortality, with the victory of the cock and his supporting
genius analogous to the hope of resurrection, the victory of the soul
over death".[73]

Similar illustrations of cocks in fighting stance [10] are found within

the Vivian Bible as well as the fighting cocks capitals in the Basilica
of St. Andoche in Saulieu[74] and the Cathédrale Saint-Lazare
d'Autun provides "alternate documentation"[75] of the rooster and
the religious, spiritual and sacred cockfight. All four canonical
gospels state that, either during or after the Last Supper, Jesus
foretold of Peter's denial (Saint Peter) and that he would deny Christ
three times before the cock's crow.[76] Augustine of Hippo, Catholic
saint and pre-eminent Doctor of the Church understood "a visible
sign of an invisible reality" of the rooster to include that as described
by St. Augustine in DeOrdine as that which "in every motion of
these animals unendowed with reason there was nothing ungraceful
since, of course, another higher reason was guiding everything they Good Shepherd fresco from the
did".[77] In the sixth century, it is reputed that Pope Gregory I Catacombs of San Callisto with the
declared the cock the emblem of Christianity saying the rooster was cock at His right hand
"the most suitable emblem of Christianity",[78] being "the emblem of
St Peter".[79][80] Some say that it was as a result of this that the cock
began to be used as a weather vane on church steeples, and some a
Papal enactment of the ninth century ordered the figure of the cock
to be placed on every church steeple.[81]

It is known that Pope Leo IV had the figure of the cock placed on
the Old St. Peter's Basilica or old Constantinian basilica[82] and has
served as a religious icon and reminder of Peter's denial of Christ
since that time, with some churches still having the rooster on the
steeple today. Alternative theories about the origin of weathercocks
on church steeples are that it was an emblem of the vigilance of the
clergy calling the people to prayer,[83] that it was derived from the
Goths[84] and is only possibly a Christian symbol,[85] and that it is
an emblem of the sun.[86] The Vatican Persian cock denoting a
sacred and religious vessel acknowledged by and from the Vatican,
"a girt one of the loins" of Proverbs 30:31, the Hebrew zarzir, Arabic Vatican Persian Cock – A 1919 print
sarsar, Greek alektor, French coq, Persian bird, Persian cock or the of a fabric square of a Persian cock
acknowledged rooster from the Hebrew Torah, the Christian Old or a Persian bird design belonging to
Testament, the Holy Scriptures of Job, Isaiah and of the Apostles the Vatican (Holy See) in Rome
John, Luke, Matthew and Mark. dating to 600 C.E. Notice the halo
denoting the status of being holy
The Gospel of Jesus Christ may still further be viewed through "A within that religious schema.
Dictionary of the Bible" which tells us that "Pindar (ca. 522–443
BC), mentions the cock, Homer (ca. 800–750 BC) names a man
"gever" the word for a cock and Aristophanes (ca. 446 BC – ca. 386 BC) calls it a Persian bird."[87] In the
Bayeux Tapestry of the 1070s, originally of the Bayeux Cathedral and now exhibited at Musée de la
Tapisserie de Bayeux in Bayeux, Normandy, there is a depiction of a man installing a rooster on
Westminster Abbey. The cornerstone is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation and
over time it became a ceremonial stone with the laying of the stone being generally important
metaphorically in sacred architecture. Frazer (2006: p. 106) in The Golden Bough tells us that, "In modern
Greece, when the foundation of a new building is being laid, it is the custom to kill a cock, a ram, or a lamb,
and to let its blood flow on the foundation-stone".

Islam

The understanding of the divine spiritual endowment of the rooster within Islam, may be evidenced in the
words of Muhammad of that Abrahamic religion in one of the six canonical hadith collections of Sunni
Islam, stating that of "when you hear the crowing of cocks, ask for Allah's Blessings for they have seen an
angel".[88]

Shintoism

Many roosters are found around Shinto shrines, with the rooster being associated with the sun goddess
Amaterasu.[89]

Taoism

In Taoism, Hanshi and the spring Hanshi festival were when fires were not used and then relit. Since fire,
like the cock a yang symbol and symbol of the sun, was temporarily extinguished and then relit. In a Tao
religious aspect, to have a rooster fight another rooster, was the same in substance as a fire-renewal custom,
where the rooster and the cockfight then takes its place as an indispensable spring ritual, and "Taoism, which
assessed it positively in this form, can be thought to have guaranteed its continued existence".[90] The
Hanshi festival was eventually moved to coincide with the Qingming Festival or the Pure Brightness
Festival which still includes the rooster and cockfight.[91]

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism, claimed to be "the oldest of the revealed world-religions"[92] and founded by the Prophet
Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) opposed animal sacrifices but held the rooster as a "symbol of light"[93] and
associated the cock with "good against evil"[93] because of his heraldic actions. In Iran during the Kianian
Period, from about 2000 B.C. to about 700 B.C., among domestic birds, "the cock was the most sacred"[13]
and within that religion, the devout, "had a cock to guard him and ward off evil spirits".[94]

Emblems
The cockerel was already of symbolic importance in Gaul at the time
of the invasion of Julius Caesar and was associated with the god
Lugus. Today the Gallic rooster is an emblem of France. The rooster
is also an emblem of Wallonia and the Turkish city of Denizli.
Among Roman deities, Priapus was sometimes represented as a
cock, with its beak as a phallus and its wattles as testicles. The cock
or a man with rooster attributes was similarly used as an erotic
symbol, Priapus Gallinaceus[95] The Cockburn clan in Scotland use
the cock as their badge. Their canting coat-of-arms is Argent three The flag of Wallonia features a red
cocks gules, and their motto is ACCENDIT CANTU (Latin: He rooster
rouses us with song).[96] A fighting cockerel on a ball is the symbol
of Tottenham Hotspur Football Club. The cockerel wears a pair of spurs which
is a reference to the club's nickname. It has been present on their crest and
shield since 1901.

Additionally, the cockerel is the emblem of Turkish sports club Denizlispor,

which was founded in 1966. Also, the supporters of the club are called
cockerels. Another soccer club that uses a rooster as its symbol is the Clube
Atlético Mineiro, from Brazil. The supporters of the club and the supporters of
other Brazilian clubs, often refer to Mineiro as "Galo", which means rooster in
Portuguese. The "Crazy Rooster", a symbol of Clube Atlético Mineiro. In
Australia, the Sydney Roosters, who play in the National Rugby League have
adopted the cockerel as its emblem. The Roosters' emblem is a cock with its Rooster on the coat of
comb fashioned to represent the Sydney Opera House. Jesus College in the arms of Tomilino
University of Cambridge features roosters on its coat of arms, which is a pun on (Moscow Oblast, Russia)
the name of the college's founder, John Alcock.[97] The University of South
Carolina features a Gamecock, or fighting cockerel, as its mascot for all athletic
programs. The Coat of arms of Kenya features a rooster holding an axe. The emblem of Chianti Classico is a
black rooster.[98] A black cockerel was believed in medieval times to be a symbol of witchcraft along with
the black cat,[99] with the rooster "used as symbols of either virtue or vice"[100] until modern times.

Image gallery
A rooster A full grown rooster

An Indian rooster A Sussex rooster

Naked Neck rooster in France Two roosters about to fight

Bantam rooster Polish chicken

Crowing Berg crower

Brown Leghorn rooster Faverolles chicken and female

See also
Rooster Flag (disambiguation)
Cock egg
 Chicken laugh
Rooster of Barcelos

References
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(n.), May 2019
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External links
Media related to Roosters at Wikimedia Commons

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This page was last edited on 1 June 2020, at 00:00 (UTC).

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