AP Statistics Ch.

10 Review Name:

1. To use the two-sample t procedure to perform a significance test on the difference between two means,
we assume that
(a) The populations’ standard deviations are known.
(b) The samples from each population are independent.
(c) The distributions are exactly Normal in each population.
(d) The sample sizes are large.
(e) All of the above.

2. In a large Midwestern university (the class of entering freshmen being on the order of 6000 or more
students), an SRS of 100 entering freshmen in 1993 found that 20 finished in the bottom third of their
high school class. Admission standards at the university were tightened in 1995. In 1997 an SRS of 100
entering freshmen found that 10 finished in the bottom third of their high school class. Let p1 and p2 be
the proportion of all entering freshmen in 1993 and 1997, respectively, who graduated in the bottom
third of their high school class. What conclusion should we draw?
(a) We are 95% confident that the admissions standards have been tightened.
(b) Reject Ho at the 1% significance level.
(c) Fail tot reject Ho at the 5% significance level.
(d) There is significant evidence at the 5% level of a decrease in the proportion of freshman who
graduated in the bottom third of their high school class that were admitted by the university.
(e) If we reject Ho at the 5% significance level based on these results, we have a 5% chance of
being wrong.

3. 42 of 65 randomly selected people at a baseball game report owning an iPod. 34 of 52 randomly

selected people at a rock concert occurring at the same time across town reported owning an iPod. A
researcher wants to test the claim that the proportion of iPod owners at the two venues is not the
same. A 90% confidence interval for the difference in population proportions is (-0.154, 0.138). Which
of the following gives the correct outcome of the researchers’ test of the claim?
(a) Since the confidence interval includes 0, the researcher can conclude that the proportion of iPod
owners at the two venues is the same.
(b) Since the confidence interval includes 0, the researcher can conclude that the proportion of iPod
owners at the two venues may be the same.
(c) Since the confidence interval includes 0, the researcher can conclude that the proportion of iPod
owners at the two venues is different.
(d) Since the confidence interval includes more positive than negative values, we can conclude that
a higher proportion of people at the baseball game own iPods than at the rock concert.
(e) We cannot draw a conclusion about a claim without performing a significance test.

4. A tobacco company is investigating if a new treatment is effective in reducing the damage caused by a
tobacco virus. Eleven plants were randomly chosen. On each plant, one leaf was randomly selected, and one
half of the leaf (randomly chosen) was coated with the treatment, while the other half was left untouched
(control). After two weeks, the amount of damage to each half of the leaf was assessed. For purposes of
comparing the damage, which of the following is the appropriate inference procedure?

(a) Two-sample z test for a difference in proportions

(b) Two-sample z test for a difference in means
(c) Two-sample t test for a difference in proportions
(d) Two-sample t test for a difference in means
(e) Paired t test for a mean difference
5. All of us nonsmokers can rejoice—the mosaic tobacco virus that affects and injures tobacco plants is
spreading! Meanwhile, a tobacco company is investigating if a new treatment is effective in reducing
the damage caused by the virus. Eleven plants were randomly chosen. On each plant, one leaf was
randomly selected, and one half of the leaf (randomly chosen) was coated with the treatment, while the
other half was left untouched (control). After two weeks, the amount of damage to each half of the leaf
was assessed. What is the best reason for performing a paired experiment rather than a two-independent
sample experiment in this case?
(a) It is easier to do since we need fewer experimental units and each unit receives more than one
treatment.
(b) It allows us to remove variation in the results caused by other factors since we can compare
both treatments within the same experimental unit.
(c) The computer program is more accurate since we work only with the differences.
(d) It requires fewer assumptions since we are interested only in the difference between treatments.
(e) It allows us to do more experiments since we use each experimental unit twice.

6. A sample survey interviews SRSs of 500 female college students and 550 male college students.
Researchers want to determine if there is a difference in the proportion of male and female college
students who worked for pay last summer. The researchers report that the results were statistically
significant at the 5% level, but not at the 1% level. Based on the results of the study, which of the
following must be true?

(a) A 90% confidence interval for pm − p f will contain 0.

(b) A 95% confidence interval for pm − p f will contain 0.
(c) A 99% confidence interval for pm − p f will contain 0.
(d) A 95% confidence interval for pm − p f will contain 0.05.
(e) A 99% confidence interval for pm − p f will contain 0.01.

7. A researcher wants to see if birds that build larger nests lay larger eggs. She selects two random samples
of nests: one of small nests and the other of large nests. She weighs one egg from each nest. The data
are summarized below.
n Mean (gm) Std. Dev. (gm)
Small nests 60 37.2 4.97
Large nests 159 35.6 6.24
Using the conservative degrees of freedom, the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the
average mass of eggs in small and large nests is:
4.97 2 6.242
(a) (37.2 − 35.6) ± 2.001 60
+
159
4.97 2 6.242
( )
(b) 37.2 − 35.6 ± 2.001
59
+
158
4.97 6.24
(c) ( 37.2 − 35.6 ) ± +
59 158
4.97 2 + 6.242
(d) ( 37.2 − 35.6 ) ±
59 + 158
4.97 6.24
(e) ( 37.2 − 35.6 ) ± +
59 158
7. In a study of heart surgery, one issue was the effect of drugs called beta-blockers on the pulse rate of
patients during surgery. The available subjects were divided at random into two groups of 30 patients each.
One group received a beta-blocker; the other group received a placebo. The pulse rate of each patient at a
critical point during the operation was recorded. The treatment group had a mean 65.2 and standard
deviation 7.8. For the control group, the mean was 70.3 and the standard deviation was 8.3.
a. Perform an appropriate significance test to see if beta-blockers reduce the pulse rate.

b. Describe what a type I and type II error would mean in this setting.

8. A study of “adverse symptoms” in users of over-the-counter pain relief medications assigned subjects at
random to one of two common pain relievers: acetaminophen and ibuprofen. In all, 650 subjects took
acetaminophen, and 44 experienced some adverse symptom. Of the 347 subjects who took ibuprofen, 49
had an adverse symptom. We want to assess the evidence that the two pain relievers differ in the
proportion of people who experience an adverse symptom.
9. In the 2001 regular baseball season, the World Series Champion Arizona Diamondbacks played 81 games
at home and 81 games away. They won 48 of their home games and 44 of the games played away. We
can consider these games as samples from potentially large populations of games played at home and
away.

a. Identify the populations and parameters of interest.

b. Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the difference between the proportion of
games that the Diamondbacks win at home and the proportion that they win when on the road.
Assume all conditions are met.

c. Most people think that it is easier to win at home than away. Use the confidence interval from
part b to determine whether this is true for the Arizona Diamondbacks.