2.10.

Self-Straining Loads
The notation T is used for self-straining loads. Discussion of self-straining loads is found in the lengthy description of the
notation in ASCE 7 Chapter 2. It is: "Self-straining force arising from contraction or expansion resulting from environmental or
operational temperature change, moisture change, creep in component materials, movement due to differential settlement, or
combinations thereof." ASCE 7 Sec. 2.4.4 discusses combining T with other loads.

Self-straining loads primarily occur due to dimensional change of the structural element itself, or movement of the support for
the member. Where members are free to move with dimensional or support change, forces do not develop. Where elements
are restrained against movement, dimensional or support change will induce internal stresses. One example of this behavior is
the shrinkage and shortening of post-tensioned concrete slab and beam systems; where the structural system permits
unrestrained shrinkage, minimal force will result. Where the structural system restrains free shrinkage, significant forces can
result, which if not accounted for can damage structures. Another example is the temperature-driven expansion and
contraction of aluminum mullions for curtain wall systems; where not properly allowed for, mullion connections to the
structure have been failed by self-straining forces T. It is unusual for self-straining forces to need to be considered in design
of wood structures.

© McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use, Privacy Notice and copyright information.