2014 Solar Thermal Markets LR PDF

SOLAR
THERMAL
MARKETS
IN EUROPE
Trends and Market Statistics 2014
June 2015
Solar Thermal Markets in Europe Trends and Market Statistics 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Editorial, Robin M. Welling, ESTIF President................................................................................................................................. 3

What have we achieved for the European solar thermal industry in 2014?................................. 3
FROnT project....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Solar thermal markets in EU 28 and Switzerland (glazed collectors).................................................... 5
Germany, the leader and main driver of the European market.............................................................. 5
Other solar thermal markets above 35 MWth newly installed capacity
Greece........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Italy..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Poland........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Spain................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Denmark................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Austria......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
France............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Switzerland........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Belgium...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Portugal.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Detachable map: Solar thermal markets in Europe.......................................................................................................10
Labelpack A+/ Energy Labelling...................................................................................................................................................................12
Market size in terms of solar thermal capacity (KWth)
and in terms of collector area (m²)......................................................................................................................................................13
Country focus: Turkey......................................................................................................................................................................................14
Major market trends (ISOL)...........................................................................................................................................................................15
Solar thermal, the versatile technology: three examples of applications.........................................16
2020 targets: a Bermuda Triangle of Lost Opportunities?....................................................................................18
This publication is
printed on recycled paper
Disclaimer:
Please note that all figures presented in this brochure European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF)
reflect ESTIF knowledge at the time of publication. Place du Champ de Mars 2, B-1050 Brussels
For some countries, the data provided are only ESTIF estimations. Tel : +32 (0) 2 318 40 60
Pictures © Austria Solar/AEE INTEC and Ritter XL Solar GmbH info@estif.org www.estif.org
2
EDITORIAL: ROBIN M. WELLING

ESTIF PRESIDENT
T
he best way to describe the situation in the European solar thermal We all know by now that the market is changing. We see that the traditional
market is that we are not on track to realize the industry potential. residential market – single-family houses – is suffering the most, while the multi-family
In particular, we are not on track towards 2020, as the current housing segment is behaving better. And we can see positive developments for the
performance of the sector is not strong enough to achieve the commercial, industrial and district heating applications.These segments are still too
indicative solar thermal targets proposed by the EU Member small compared with the residential market, although their growth in such a short
States in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs). period has confirmed their potential.
In fact, the market results in 2014 are once again disappointing, with a decrease of This transformation in the market is echoed in the results of the ISOL business
around 7%. Even if in some countries the results were better than expected, with a Index, reflecting the mood of the industry. We can also see the relevance of the
few markets growing, actually the European market continues to decline due to a commercial and industrial applications with the creation of new support mechanisms
sharp slowdown in the construction sector in the main markets, particularly in the put in place by some countries for such applications, as is the case in Germany
German market, which has contracted by 12%. with solar heat for industrial processes. We address these market segments in
this publication in more detail: solar cooling, solar heat for industrial processes
The European Commission launched the Renewables Progress Report, which and solar district heating. We can see that the solar district heating success story
shows that the 2020 indicative targets for solar thermal, reflected in the NREAPs, continues with its expansion reaching beyond Denmark. Yet the Danes are not
are likely to be missed by 41% - 45%. This is not news for our industry: since the standing still and are looking into new large solar district heating plants, adding to
adoption of the Renewables Directive in 2009, our sector has felt the effects of their impressive 390 MWth of installed capacity in such systems.
both the financial and economic crises, competition from other renewable energy
sources benefitting from extremely attractive support mechanisms and the impact Times are changing and players in the sector need to work together to find how
of low fossil fuel prices. we can steer our sector towards better opportunities. In that regard I must also
acknowledge the work that solar thermal trade associations are doing at national
Within the solar heating and cooling industry we have been addressing these issues, level. Without naming them, they are pushing industry into looking for new strategies,
trying to bring new answers to meet these challenges. But we need to work with new ideas for the sector, while defending the industry’s interests. Of course, their
public authorities if we want an integrated and effective response that can also help work is never enough, there is always more to be done to turn the market around.
to stay on the right path for 2020. The European Commission is now directing its All the same, their work is invaluable and deserves our appreciation and support.
attention also to the heating and cooling sector and a heating and cooling We also count on their cooperation within ESTIF as a way to engage with national
strategy is expected by the end of 2015. The solar thermal sector has a significant industry in the important discussions about the sector’s future.
role to play and is willing to play its part. We deal with this issue further in this
publication. In spite of an overall disappointing scenario, there are still some This edition of “Solar Thermal Markets in Europe” provides an overview of the
positive news from the market. The Greek market is now growing again, European market, a short analysis of the main markets, a summary of market trends
driven by solar water heating investments in the tourism sector. There is still a and an analysis of the situation regarding the 2020 targets. It also includes a short
great potential in these applications and it is good to see that exploring such overview of the developments in market segments such as solar cooling, solar heat
opportunities is bringing the Greek market into “green”. Another interesting for industrial processes and solar district heating, a more detailed analysis on Turkey,
example coming from the South is that of Andalusia. This Spanish region, with a the largest market in Europe and the host of the SHC 2015 conference. Finally, it
population of 8.5 million, reached a market size of about 60 MWth (85 700 m²), also draws your attention to European initiatives led by ESTIF, on energy labelling
while the rest of the Spanish market still feels the effect of the economic slowdown. (Labelpack A+) and on Fair RES heating and cooling Options and Trade (FROnT).
The achievements in this region demonstrate the impact that industry initiative, We hope this provides you with a good insight into our sector, the challenges it
supported by public authorities, can have on the development of the market. faces but also its potential.
We would like to see such cooperation extended to other parts of Europe.
Good reading and sunny regards,

Robin M. Welling
WHAT HAVE WE ACHIEVED FOR THE EUROPEAN SOLAR THERMAL INDUSTRY IN 2014?
ESTIF Intensified its collaboration ESTIF Continued maximizing the positive ESTIF Kicked-off the coordination
with other associations from the impact of the introduction of the package of the EU co-financed project
renewable heating sector to ensure label and supporting its members for a “Fair RES-H&C Options and Trade”,
a clear recognition of heating and smooth implementation of the energy with the objective to promote a level
cooling issues, to pave the way for an labelling regulations. Secured financing from playing field for Renewable Heating
adequate 2030 framework for solar the European Commission for a project and Cooling in Europe, and develop
heating and cooling, and to propose involving several solar thermal trade strategies for its greater deployment.
concrete measures to be included associations to support the market rollout
in official legislation documents. of the package label and assist the solar
thermal sector in this process – Labelpack A+.
ESTIF Improved its services to members ESTIF Celebrated 10 years of ESTIF Collaborated, once again, with the
with new offerings such as weekly policy successful Solar Keymark certification, United Nations Environment Programme
briefings, a revamped internal newsletter together with stakeholders from the and its Global Solar Water Heating
and a daily presence on twitter with tweets entire Solar Keymark Network, and Development Programme to produce
about global happenings in the energy sector. supported the newly created Global a guide for Architects and Builders.
Standards and Certification Network.
3
PROMOTING IDENTIFYING SETTING ENHANCING
a level Strategic the framework clear and
playing field Policy for efficient transparent
for Renewable Priorities and effective communication
Heating support with European
and Cooling schemes for consumers
in Europe RHC
Stakeholders from industry and public authorities from During 2015, this project will provide:
• A report giving an evaluation of support schemes for renewable heating
several EU Member States are involved in this project, and cooling in Europe, including an assessment of key success factors
which is led by a consortium gathering representatives • An electronic estimation tool for Levelised costs of Heat (LCoH)
from industry and national energy agencies. • A report on customer key purchase criteria in five European countries,
The consortium is assisted by partners providing specific following market surveys carried out in these countries
• Tools to support end-users’ decisions regarding their heating system
expertise on technical issues, business assessment and • An analysis of market outlook, business models & policy instruments
communication with consumers. • National consultations with experts from industry, public authorities
and other stakeholders.
If you have any questions or suggestions, please get in touch with us - ESTIF is the coordinator of this EU-financed project!
The sole responsibility for the content of this information lies with the authors.
It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the
Co-funded by the Intelligent Energy Europe
EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be Programme of the European Union
made of the information contained therein.
www.solarthermalworld.org
20 0 0
25 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
15 20 Newly installed (MWth) TotalThermal
Solar installed n-1 (MW
Markets th)
in Europe Annual
Trends andCapacity (m )
2
Market Statistics 2014
10 15
10
5
5
0 0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS IN EU 28 AND SWITZERLAND (GLAZED
Solar Thermal Market in Czech Republic
COLLECTORS)
I
MW Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) th m2 (x1000)
Austria Germany Greece Italy Poland Spain France EU28+ 1 000 200
900 180
n 2014, the European market, once again, underwent a reduction in Market behaviour for larger systems is different. Collective systems for multi-family
800 160
the newly installed capacity. The 2014 market amounted to 2 GWth houses are behaving better than individual systems in most markets, even when
700 140
(approximately 2.9 mio m²). This represents a decrease of 7.1% they have contracted. Large size systems above 35 kWth (50 m²) for commercial
in comparison with the previous year. The total installed capacity 600 industrial solar heating and cooling applications are also performing better.
and 120 It
registered a net increase of 1.6 GWth, now reaching 31.8 GWth must
500 be noted that, for instance, with regard to solar heat for industrial processes, 100
(45.4 mio m²). This represents an increase of 5.3% compared with the
400average size of the solar thermal plants has increased. It is estimated that 80 it
kWth theThermal
Solar total Capacity
installed capacity
in Operation (perat theCapita)
1000 end of 2013. m2 evolved
300 from an average of 400 kWth (585 m²) between 2000 and 2007 to60 an
700 1 000 average
200 close to 1.5 MWth (2 100 m²). This places many of these systems in40the
900
The600European solar heating and cooling market continues to suffer from the category
100 of very large systems (above 350 kWth / 500 m²) which continues 20 to
800
contraction
500
of sales in its largest markets, having reached the same market level
700
grow0
rapidly, mostly thanks to solar district heating plants in Denmark; however, 0
as in 2007, before the peak year of 2008. There are several main factors behind
600 there is2005
clearly2006
some2007 development
2008 in other
2009 2010countries
2011 where 2013
2012 more players
2014 are
400
this sluggish performance, such as the low gas prices, difficult access to finance
500 also bringingNewly
different
installedsolutions.
(MWth) TheTotal
changes in the
installed n-1 (MWthpower
) market, including
Annual Capacity (m2) in the
for300
consumers, slow-moving construction sector, less public support schemes 400for support mechanisms for power generation, have created difficulties for combined
200 thermal and competition from other energy sources, namely those300
solar with heat and power solutions coupled with district heating networks. This creates
200
more
100 attractive market incentives. 100 opportunities for alternatives, namely solar assisted district heating, in particular for
0 0 operation during spring and summer.
CY
AT
GR
DE
CH
DK
MT
LU
PT
EU28+
SI
IE
ES
IT
CZ
PL
BE
In 2014 some positive signs have come from two of the largest European markets,
Greece and Spain.These markets have grown by 18.9% and 9.8% respectively.This
Solar Thermal Market in EU28 and Switzerland
evolution is due to greater investments in the tourism sector in Greece and by a MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
good performance in Andalusia, in the case of Spain.These examples show that there 32 500 5 000
are still market development opportunities, if some barriers are effectively tackled. 30 000 4 500
27 500
4 000
25 000
Solar Thermal Market in EU28 and Switzerland (glazed collectors) 22 500 3 500
kWth m2 20 000 3 000
3 500 000 5 000 000 17 500 2 500
3 000 000 15 000
4 000 000 2 000
12 500
2 500 000 1 500
10 000
3 000 000
2 000 000 7 500 1 000
1 500 000 5 000
2 000 000 500
2 500
1 000 000 0 0
1 000 000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
500 000
0 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Germany Next top 6 countries (AT, ES, FR, GR, IT, PL) Other 21 EU countries and Switzerland Despite a below potential growth of the total installed capacity, solar heating and
cooling still plays an important role in the European energy strategy, allowing
As can be observed on the graph above, the last ten years were characterised for decentralised solutions to meet the heating and cooling demand in Europe,
by steep growth until 2008, followed since by a contraction. While the average replacing the dependency on imported fossil fuels and creating local jobs. The
growth over a 10 year period was 5.6%, the market decrease since 2008 was on 31.8 GWth in operation generate an estimated 24 TWhth of solar thermal energy
average 8.3%, while contributing to a saving of 2.75 Mt CO2. In terms of economic significance,
Solar Thermal Market in Turkey
the
MWthsolar thermal
Total and Newlysector
Installedreached a combined
Capacity (glazed collectors) turnover of 2 billion euros m
in2 (x1000)
2014,
The single-family housing segment still represents the bulk of the solar thermal 15employing
000 25 000 people. 2 500
System costs 2011 (combisystem 11m2, retail price net for end consumer)
market. In some countries there is a trend for smaller average-sized individual 13 500 2 250
installations. Installer:
For example,
EBITDA 5% the average size of individual systems in Germany 12 000 2 000
is now around 5 m² (3.5 kWth) for domestic hot water systems and 12.5 m² 1025%
500 1 750
Manufacturing costs (collector, store and others)
(8.8 kWth) for combisystems.
Installer: installation administrative costs 3%
1 500
9 000
Installer: labour costs for installation 8%
7 500 1 250
%
R 16 MA 1 000
GERMANY LLE
TA allation
st
) NU 6 000
NEWLY INSTALLED CAPACITY: 630 MWth ANNUAL EVOLUTION 2013/2014: -11.8%
INS
750
FA
4 500
(in
CTU
RER 38%
3 000 500
Germany, the leader and main driver of the European market1%
uct)
Research & Development 250

%
1 500
TA of prod
tumbles
EBITDA 29% even more but prospects improve
R 34
Installer: Solar Thermal Market in Germany

MW05%
Manufacturing: marketing, sales, services Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) 0
m2 (x1000)
LLE
th
es
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

l
W
(sa S HO
LES 15 000 2 500
In 2014, the leading European solar thermal market encountered furthermanagement
setbacks2%
IN ALE 1 Manufacturing:
2%
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) 2 250
13 500
for the third consecutive year, following a trend initiated in 2008.EBITDA
Manufacturing: With 4% only
12 000 2 000
0.9 mio m², the market has slipped back to 2004 levels and more than halved since
WHSLE trade: marketing, sales, services, logistics 8% 1 750
theInstaller:
record year of1%2008. In 2014, the total cumulated area
management grew approximately to 10 500
12.9 GWth (18.4 mio m²). A decrease of 12 % fromWHSLE yeartrade:

to year reveals
management 1% that both 9 000 1 500
the technology and thesales

Installer: market
4% face majorWHSLE difficulties in Germany.
trade: EBITDA 3% The average 7 500 1 250
size per installed system has continuously decreased to around 5 m² for hot 6 000 1 000
Note: EBITDA = earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization WHSLE = Wholesale
water systems and 12.5 m² for combisystems for one and two family homes. The 4 500 750
Source: ITW, Technomar
support for solar combisystems for hot water and space heating, which remained 3 000 500
unchanged until March 2015, proved not to be sufficient to stimulate the market. 250
1 500
Evolution in terms of jobs 0 0
The new support scheme of up to 50 % of the investment costs for solar process 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
heat applications, introduced in August 2012, has so far only resulted in around Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
200
20%new installations for systems with an average size of 44 m². Solar process
2013/2012 2014/2013
heat
15%remains unknown among the target groups and driven by only a handful of
engineers
10% and planners for rather simple applications, mainly for the agro-industry Solar Thermal Market in Italy
MWth Total The
Political: and Newly
focusInstalled Capacity (glazed
on electricity collectors)
by the m (x1000)
“Energiewende” is gradually diminishing
2
and5%car wash facilities.
3 000
since the energy transition and climate protection goals cannot be reached with 500
0%
The final system costs for the consumer remained stable. Although it is not easy the electricity sector on its own, although this is only dawning on decision makers.
2 700 450
to -5%
clearly identify a single explanation behind the past three years’ decline, some The
2 400support scheme (market incentive programme MAP) as well as the building 400
reasons
-10% can be identified. obligation
2 100 have provided insufficient incentives for new investments. 350
-15% 1 800 300
RES World ST World RES EU ST EU
kWth 1 500 250
Source: ESTIF, based on data from IRENA, IEA-SHC and ESTIF.
1 200 200
5
900
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
3 000 500
2 700 450
2 400 400
2 100 350
1 800 300
1 500 GERMANY (CONTINUED) 250
1 200 200
900 150
Industry:
600
A shortage of skilled and motivated installers compounds the problem
100
Outlook: In the first months of 2015 the market has deteriorated, although
since other investments in the booming construction sector are more profitable. since 1 April a drastically improved MAP offers some hope for improvements
300 50
Solar thermal systems are perceived as rather complicated – both in technical in the market. Higher support per m2 and inclusion of solar water heaters make
0 0
installation
2005as well
2006as in sales 2008
2007 to the 2009
end customer.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 investments far more attractive than before. Moreover, policy makers seem to
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) realize that Germany may not reach its 2020 EU goals for renewable energy
Consumer behaviour: Conventional heating systems in households are not consumption (18 %). Combined heat and power producers are seriously
being replaced, many have been in use for over 25 years. High, but stable, electricity considering solar thermal technologies to generate heat for their plants - in particular
rates in 2014 and lower
Solar Thermal Marketoilin and gas prices have had a negative impact on investments.
France to cover the lower demand over spring and summer - as a response to the low
MWth
Marketing Total
ofand
theNewly
MAP Installed
supportCapacity (glazed collectors)
scheme m2 (x1000)
has been poor and consumers might not wholesale electricity prices. And even new players such as the utilities, threatened
3 000
be aware of its existence. In addition, consumers tend to install only the minimum 500 by carbon taxes and even by shutdowns of old coal power plants, recently proposed
required
2 700 number of m² of collectors to receive the subsidy. 450 an incentive programme for the replacement of old heating systems to reduce
2 400 400 CO2 emissions.The market is dire but there is some light at the end of the tunnel.
2 100 350
1 800 300
1 500 250
1 200 200
OTHER
900
SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS ABOVE
150
35 MWTH NEWLY INSTALLED CAPACITY
600 100
300 50
0 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
GREECE
Newly installed (MW ) th Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity NEWLY
(m2) INSTALLED CAPACITY: 189 MWth ANNUAL EVOLUTION 2013/2014: 18.9%
In 2014, despite difficult economic conditions with the impact of the financial
Solar Thermal Market in Greece crisis and austerity measures, the Greek solar thermal market unexpectedly grew
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m (x1000)
2
3 000 500
by almost 20% (18.9%). The newly installed capacity totalled 189 MWth, which
represents 270 000 m² of newly installed collector area.
2 700 450
2 400 400
These new installations were mainly for hot water supply in the tourism sector/
2 100 350
islands (hotels, holiday lets, etc.); a growing market segment thanks to an extra two
1 800 300 million tourists visiting
Solar Thermal Greece
Market during the year.There has also been a welcome market
in Germany
1 500 250 upturn for the installation of new solar thermal systems in replacement of old 2ones. 500
15 000
1 200 200
13 500 2 250
900 150 Greece reached a total installed capacity of 3 GWth (4.3 mio m²), representing
12 000 2 000
600 100 an increase of 2.6% over the previous year. This installed capacity provides an
300 50
10 500
estimated energy supply of 2 989 GWh, which corresponds to 52% of1 750 the
indicative
9 000 2020 target. 1 500
0 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 7 500 1 250
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) The
6 000outlook for 2015 is so far very encouraging and seems to be in line with the
1 000
positive
4 500 evolution in 2014. 750
3 000 500
Solar Thermal Market in Spain 250
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m (x1000)
2 1 500
3 000 500 0 0
2 700 ITALY NEWLY

450
INSTALLED CAPACITY:
2005 1882007
2006 MWth 2008 ANNUAL
2009 2010EVOLUTION
2011 2013/2014:
2012 2013 2014-25%
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
2 400 400
The
2 100law No. 90 of 2013 (August) modified the tax deductions for energy efficiency
350
measures
1 800 in buildings, increasing the deductible share to 65% of the investment costs
300 Solar Thermal Market in Italy
over
1 500
10 years. In November, the incentive was extended with gradually reduced 250
deductible shares: 65% until 31 December 2014; 50% until 31 December 2015 3 000 500
1 200 200
and 36% from 2016 onwards. 2 700 450
900 150
2 400 400
600 100
The tax deduction scheme has been much appreciated by consumers, and has 2 100 350
300 to be more effective and user-friendly than the incentive scheme50for
shown 1 800 300
renewable
0 heating, Conto Termico. 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1 500 250
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) 1 200 200
One year and a half after coming into force, the Conto Termico is struggling to
900 150
take off, with less than 2% of the available total funds (900 mio euros) being used.
600
However,Solarsolar thermal
Thermal Market inisAustria
by far the dominant technology in this scheme, with 100
5 MW
443
th applications approved
Total and Newly Installed over
Capacity a total
(glazed of 7 948, receiving 12.8 mio
collectors) euros
m2 (x1000) 300 50
up to December 20141. The scheme supported the installation of 38 257500m2
3 000 0 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
gross
2 700 area of solar thermal collectors, and represents therefore a relatively small 450
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m )
2
fraction
2 400 of the newly installed capacity. Of the installed collectors, 88% were400 flat
plate,
2 100 12% evacuated tubes. Moreover, 58.5% were thermosiphon systems, 350
41.5%
1 800 forced circulation systems. In 91.5% of the cases, the installations were for
300
Solar Thermal Market in Poland
sanitary
1 500 hot water. 250 InMW2014,
th
theand
Total Italian
Newlysolar thermal
Installed Capacitymarket faced another difficult year, and mthe
(glazed collectors) 2 falling
(x1000)
trend
3 000 in newly installed capacity continued, with newly installed collector 500 area
1 200 200
An important reform of the scheme, streamlining and simplifying the application down
2 700 to 187.9 MWth (268 500 m ) due to the persistent economic crisis450
2
and
900 150
procedure (which remains the main barrier), is currently under negotiation. bottlenecks
2 400
in the support schemes. The market has consequently fallen by400 25%
600 100
Expectations from the industry are high, as the potential of the fund rests largely compared with 2013.
300 50 2 100 350
unexploited.
0 1 800 300
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
This is a disappointing result in a market that is now at only 11% of its indicative
1 500 250
targets for 2020. Although some efforts have been made to improve the situa-
1 www.gse.it/it/Conto%20Termico/GSE_Documenti/Relazione%20Conto%20Termico_2013-2014.pdf
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) 200
1 200 the fact is that they have not achieved the expected impact on the market.
tion,
900 150
Solar Thermal Market in Switzerland 600 100

6MW th Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000) 300 50
1 000 200 0 0
1 500 250 MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
300 50
1 200 200 3 000 500
0 0 Solar Thermal Markets in Europe Trends and Market Statistics 2014
900 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 150 2 700 450
600 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) 100 2 400 400
300 50 2 100 350
0 0 1 800 300
2005 2006Market
Solar Thermal 2007 2008
in Spain 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
MWth POLAND
Total and Newly
Newly Installed
installed (MWCapacity
th) (glazed
Total collectors)
installed n-1 (MW )
th
NEWLY
Annual Capacity (mm) (x1000)INSTALLED CAPACITY: 182 MWth
2 2
1 500 ANNUAL EVOLUTION 2013/2014: -5.1%
250
3 000 500 1 200 200
2 700 450 900 150

According to the Polish Institute for Renewable Energy, the solar thermal market is
2 400 Solar Thermal Market in Poland 400 600 100
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000) the biggest microgeneration RES market in Poland, bigger than biomass, heat pumps,
2 100 350 300 50
3 000 500 photovoltaics etc. Sales of solar collectors in 2014 were 182 MWth (260 000 m2).
0
1 800
2 700
300
450
A reduction2005 of2006 approx. 20075% 2008
compared 2009 with 2010the 2011
previous
2012year; when2014
2013 there0 had
1 500 250 already beenNewly a decrease of
installed (MWth)
the order of almost 10%.
Total installed n-1 (MWth)
The total installed
Annual Capacity (m2)
capacity
2 400 400
1 200 200 reached 1.2 GWth (1.7 mio m²). The subsidies from the National Fund for
2 100 350
900 150 Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFOSiGW) still had a great
1 800 300
600 100 impact on the development of the solar thermal market. Over the five years
1 500 250 Solar Thermal Market in Greece
300 50 duration
MWth of and
Total theNewly
subsidy programme,
Installed grants
Capacity (glazed from NFOSGW contributed
collectors) to 35%
m2 (x1000)
1 200 200
0
of all
3 000 installations of solar collectors in Poland. During the forthcoming years, 500
0
900 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 150 it2 700
will be also possible to obtain subsidies under the programme Prosumer 450
–
600 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) 100 NFOŚiGW. Following on the authoritative solar thermal roadmap up to 2030
2 400 400
300 50 (published in 2009), with the support of other organisations, the national solar
2 100 350
0 0 energy industry, is developing a new renewable heating technology roadmap up
2005 2006Market 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1 800 300
MWth
Solar Thermal in Austria
Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m 2
(x1000)
to 2030. The roadmap with new targets for solar thermal goals will be published
1 500 250
3 000
500
in September 2015.
1 200 200
2 700 450
900 150
2 400 Solar Thermal Market in France 400
600 100
MW Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m (x1000)
2
2 100th 350
3 000 500 300 50
1 800 300
0 0
2 700 450 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
1 500 250
2 400
1 200
SPAIN NEWLY INSTALLED
400
200
CAPACITY: 176 MW th )
Newly installed (MW th
ANNUAL EVOLUTION
Total installed n-1 (MWth) 2013/2014: 9.8%
Annual Capacity (m )
2
2 100 350
900 150
1 800 300
The600 Spanish market has finally stabilised after four consecutive years of decline, 100
1 500 250 Solar Thermal Market in Spain
when the market almost halved (-47%). The newly installed capacity reached
300 50 MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
1 200 200
178.50 MWth, with an increase of 9.8%. In spite of the building sector crisis, 0 3 000 500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
the900new build is still expected to represent between 100 to 125 MWth 2(143150 000 2 700 450
178 500 Newly
to600 m²).installed
The main (MWth)
reasonTotalbehind
installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m )
the results achieved in the Spanish100
2 400 400
300
market in 2014 was the growth reported in Andalusia, the only region50still 2 100 350
actively
0 supporting
Solar Thermal solarin thermal. Aggressive marketing strategies applied by0 the
2005 2006Market 2007 Switzerland
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142 1 800 300
region’s
MWth major
Total players
and Newly have
Installed created
Capacity a collectors)
(glazed significant increase in demand, more than
m (x1000)
1 500 250
doubling
1 000 the Newly installed (MWth)
regional market (estimated Total installed n-1 (MWth)
to have represented Annual Capacity (m2)
60 MWth in 2014). 200
1 200 200
By900
the end of 2014, the installed capacity in Spain totalled 2.24 GWth, an increase 180
900 150
of800
9% over a one year period. This installed capacity represents an estimated 160
2.24 600 100
700TWh th of heat generation, only 20% of the 2020 target for solar thermal 140set
Solar Thermal Market in Greece
MW th Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
by600
the Spanish government. 120
300 50
3 000 500
0 0
500
2 700 100
450 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2 400
400 80
400 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
2 300
100 60
350
1 200
800 40
300
Solar Thermal Market in Austria
1 100
500 20
250 MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
0
1 200 0200 3 000 500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
900 DENMARK
Newly installed (MW ) th Total installed n-1 (MWth)
NEWLY
2
150INSTALLED
2 700CAPACITY: 125 MWth ANNUAL EVOLUTION 2013/2014: 52.9%
450
600 100 2 400 400
300 50 2 100 350
The Danish market saw a strong growth in 2014. The newly installed capacity
0 0 1 800 300
MWth
Solar Thermal Market in Denmark
2005
Total and 2006 2007 Capacity
Newly Installed 2008 (glazed
2009collectors)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
m2 (x1000)
totalled 125 MWth (180 000 m²), of which approx. 95% are large installations
1 500 250
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) for district heating. There are still a lot of large projects under way and significant
1 000 200 1 200 200
market growth is expected again in 2015.
900 180 900 150
800 160
Solar Thermal Market in Spain The
600total installed capacity in Denmark amounted to 675 MWth (965 000 m²) 100by
700th
MW Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) 140
m2 (x1000) the
300end of 2014. From this, approximately 390 MWth correspond to large 50 solar
3 600
000 120
500 thermal
0 systems (each above 1 000 m² / 700 kWth).The largest Danish solar district 0
2005
2 500
700 100
450 system is so far2006
50 MW 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
th (70 000 m² collectors, 200 000 m seasonal storage) - but
3 2014
2 400
400 80
400 now a (closeNewly
to) installed
100 MW th) plant is
(MWth under
Total consideration.
installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
2 300
100 60
350
1 200
800 40
300 The market for individual systems appeared to have stagnated at a low level of
Solar Thermal Market in Switzerland
1 100
500 20
250 around
MWth 7Total
MW (10Installed
and thNewly 000 m²) due(glazed
Capacity to low activity in the construction industry
collectors) and
m2 (x1000)
0
1 200 0200 little
1 000 public/political focus. 200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 900 180
900 150
600 100
700 140
300 50
0 600 120
0
Solar Thermal
2005 2006Market in Portugal
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 500 100
1 000 200
900 180 300 60
800 160 200 40

MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000) 100 20
700 140
3 000 500 0 0
600 120
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2 700 450
500 100
2 400 400 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
400 80
2 100 350
300 60
1 800 300
200 40 Solar Thermal Market in Denmark
1 500
100
250
20
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000) 7
1 200 200 1 000 200
0 0
Solar Thermal Market in Italy 1 500 250
1 500 250
Solar Thermal Markets in Europe Trends and Market Statistics 2014 1 200 200
3 000 1 200 200
500
900 150
900 150
2 700 450
600 100
600 100
2 400 400
300 50
300 50
2 100 350
00 0
0
1 800
AUSTRIA NEWLY 2005
2005
2006
300INSTALLED CAPACITY: 107 2007
2006 MW
2007th
Newly installed (MWth)
2008
2008
2009
ANNUAL
2009
2010 2011
EVOLUTION
2010 2011
2012 2013
2013/2014:
2012 2013
2014
-14.4%
2014
Annual Capacity (m2)2
1 500 250 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m )
1 200 200
The900Austrian solar thermal market is one of the most developed markets in150 the
EU600but it suffered a further decline in 2014. Overall, the investments in renewable MWth Total m2 (x1000)
100 Solarand Newly Market
Thermal Installed
in Capacity
Greece (glazed collectors)
heating
300
systems are facing competition from a strong and successful marketing MWth
3 000 Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
500
50
campaign
0
for gas and oil heating systems with attractive financial grants from the 23700
000 500
450
0
oil associations,
2005 the electricity
2006 2007 lobby who
2008 2009 supports
2010 heat pump
2011 2012 (power
2013 to heat) and
2014
22400
700 450
400
PV systems (as Newlyaninstalled
attractive
(MWth) financial
Totalproduct). In addition,
installed n-1 (MW th)
the Capacity
Annual national(m2incentive
)
22100
400 400
350
programme does not fit in with the nine federal countries programmes, which
12800
100 350
300
are complicated and not attractive to investors. The main challenge in 2015 will
be to find new competitive business models, where the best production cost for 11500
800 300
250
Solar Thermal Market in Poland
MWth
solar Total andheating
thermal Newly Installed Capacity
systems is a(glazed
corecollectors)
argument. It is estimated that in 2015 m2 (x1000)
the 11200
500 250
200
3 000 500 1900
200 200
market will decrease further. The market development strategy should focus on 150
two
2 700areas: process heat systems and large-scale solar thermal plants in district 450 900
600 150
100
heating
2 400 systems and industry. 400 600
300 50100
2 100 350 300
0 050
1 800 300 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0
2005 Newly
2006
installed2007
(MWth) 2008 Total
2009 2010
installed n-1 (MW2011 2012 2013 (m 2014
th) Annual Capacity )
2
1 500 250
1 200 200
900 150 Solar Thermal Market in Switzerland
600 100 MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
Solar Thermal Market in Spain
1 000
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) 200
m2 (x1000)
300 50
0 0 3900
000 500
180
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
FRANCE
Newly installed (MW ) th Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
2800
700
NEWLY INSTALLED CAPACITY: 105 MWth
2700
400
450
ANNUAL EVOLUTION 2013/2014: -20.9%
160
140
400
2600
100 120
350
In1500
spite of renewed efforts by professionals in the French solar thermal market
800 100
300
Solar Thermal Market in France
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000) to1400
rebuild trust and improve their image, 2014 proved to be yet another difficult
500 80250
3 000 500 year.
1300
200
The overall installed area of solar thermal collectors fell by 21% 60 from
200
2 700 450
190200
900
900 m² (133.6 MWth) to 150 500 m² (105.4 MWth). In the residential market, 40150
domestic solar water heaters took an 18% drop in terms of collector area
2 400 400 100
600 20100
(-15 000 m²). However, the number of units installed decreased less dramatically
2 100 350 0
300 050
(-9%); this
2005 is because
2006 the
2007 average
2008 collector
2009 area
2010 per
2011 unit installed
2012 2013has been
2014 falling
1 800 300 0 0
over recent years
2005 Newly 2006 as 2007
installed new
(MWth) technologies
2008 Total2009 have
installed been
n-1 (MW
2010 th)
2011 developing. The(m2014
Annual Capacity
2012 2013 market
2
) of
1 500 250
“combined” solar water and
Newly installed (MWth)
space heaters contracted
strongly both in
Annual Capacity (m2)
terms of
1 200 200 units (-36%) and area (-30%). Non-domestic sales were also down by 22.6% with
900 150 a total solar thermal
Solar Thermal collector
Market in Denmarkarea amounting to 75 500 m² (53 MWth). Expected
600 100 changes
MWth in
Total the
Solarand current
Newly
Thermal regulation
Installed
Market in Capacity for thermal
Austria (glazed collectors)requirements in new buildings were
m2 (x1000)
not MWimplemented
1 000 th Total and Newly InstalledasCapacity
in 2015 planned,(glazed
it iscollectors)
therefore to be expected that the m2 (x1000)
French
200
300 50
3 000 500
0 0 solar
900 thermal market will also be suffering in the coming months, although an action 180
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 plan
2800 has been put together by Enerplan to enhance consumer trust and help160
700 with
450
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) market
400 structuring over the next three years.
2700 400
140
2600
100 350
120
1500
800 300
100
Solar Thermal Market in Greece 1 500 250
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000) 400 80
1300
200 60200
3 000 500
900
200 40150
2 700 450
600
100 20100
2 400 400
300
0 050
2 100 350
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0
1 800 SWITZERLAND NEWLY
300 INSTALLED CAPACITY:
2005
Newly 79
2006 MW 2007 ANNUAL
th th) 2008 Total
installed (MW
2009 EVOLUTION
2010
installed n-1
2011
(MWth) 2013/2014:
Annual Capacity (m2)-7.2%
2012 2013 2014
1 500 250 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m )
2
1 200 200
The900Swiss market has not shrunk as much as feared. In 2014, the newly installed 150
Solar
SolarThermal
ThermalMarket
MarketininPortugal
capacity
600 of glazed collectors totalled 79.1 MWth (113 000 m²), i.e. a decrease 100 of MWMW
th Total
Totaland
andNewly
NewlyInstalled
Switzerland
InstalledCapacity
Capacity(glazed
(glazedcollectors)
collectors) mm
2
(x1000)
2
(x1000)
th
7%. The market volume is on a par with the 2008 level. A shift away from single-
300 50 11000 200
000 200
family houses can be observed, where heat pumps dominate. More and more 900 180
0 0 900 180
often they
2005are 2006
combined 2007 with PV, now
2008 2009more 2010attractive
2011 due
2012to a2013
federal2014subsidy of 800 160
800 160
30% for smallNewly installations and
installed (MWth) a new self-consumption
Total installed n-1 (MWth) rule. On the other
2 hand,
700
700 140
140
multi-family houses (mainly for hot water) are perceived as a potential growth
600 120
market where solar thermal can be competitive.This is not self-evident, as the price 600 120
500 100
level forSolar
installations is very
Thermal Market high compared with neighbouring countries. In 2015,
in Spain 500 100
Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors)
MWth26 Swiss m2 (x1000) 400 8080
the cantons will adopt a new subsidy model, which will include several 400
3 000 500
improvements for solar thermal. 300
300 6060
2 700 450 200 4040
200
2 400 400 100 2020
100
2 100 350 00 00
2005
2005 2006
2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009
2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012
2012 2013
2013 2014 2014
1 800 300
Newly
Newlyinstalled
installed(MWth) )
(MW Total installed
Total n-1
installed n-1(MW
(MWth) ) Annual
AnnualCapacity
Capacity(m(m)2)
2
1 500 250 th th
1 200 200
900 150
Solar
SolarThermal
ThermalMarket
MarketininBelgium
Denmark
600 100 MWMW
th Total
Totaland
andNewly
NewlyInstalled
InstalledCapacity
Capacity(glazed
(glazedcollectors)
collectors) mm
2
(x1000)
2
(x1000)
th
300 50 11000
000 200
200
0 0 900
900 180
180
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
800
800 160
160
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m )
2
700
700 140
140
600 120
8 Solar Thermal Market in Austria
600
500
500
120
100
100
400 80
500 100 1 000 200
400 80 900 180

300 60 800 160
200 40 700 140
100 20 600 120

0 0 500 100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
BELGIUM
Newly installed (MW ) th Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m )
2
400
NEWLY INSTALLED CAPACITY: 36 MWth
300
80
ANNUAL EVOLUTION 2013/2014: -11.9%
60
200 40
The
100
newly installed capacity in Belgium is 36.4 MWth.This represents a decrease 20
of
MWth
Solar Thermal Market in Belgium
m2 (x1000)
almost
0
12% over the previous year. In terms of total installed capacity the market
0
Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors)
has increased
2005 to a total
2006 of 345
2007 2008MW th (4942010
2009 033 m²).
2011 2012 2013 2014
1 000 200
900 180
The Belgian solar thermal market is struggling as, overall, people are investing less in
800 160
renewable energy. PV and heat pumps are also facing a difficult situation in Belgium.
700 140 It is obvious that now solar thermal systems have to be “sold”, whereas in the past
Solar Thermal Market in Denmark
600 120 they Total
MWth used toandbeNewly Installed Capacity
“ordered”. (glazed
Installers not all sales persons and do notmtake
arecollectors)
2
(x1000)
the
500 100 time and effort to try to sell something people are not asking for.
1 000 200
400 80 900 180
300 60 By800the end of 2014, the Walloon Region cut the subsidy scheme from something 160
200 40 very
700 interesting to nothing. The effect will be felt at the beginning of 2015. Since
140
100 20 in 600
Flanders new dwellings have to install renewable energy, the challenge will 120be
0 0 to500
convince builders that solar thermal is the best choice, and that it is the100only
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 way400
to store energy and to be more independent from the electricity providers.80
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2) A 300
decrease of 20% is forecast for the Belgian market in 2015, due to the difficult
60
situation in Wallonia and tough market conditions in Flanders.
200 40
100 20
0 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
MWth PORTUGAL
Solar Thermal Market in Czech Republic
Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) NEWLY
m (x1000)INSTALLED CAPACITY:
2 36 MWth
Newly installed (MW ) th
ANNUAL EVOLUTION 2013/2014:
Total installed n-1 (MW )
-10.9%
th
2
1 000 200
900 180
In 2014, the Portuguese market declined by 11% compared with the previous year,
800 160
for a total of 35.7 MWth.This represents a greater decrease than the -7% mid-year MWth
Solar Thermal Market in Portugal
Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
700
forecast. In 2014, a market change is evident: the tertiary sector and services140are
600 120 1 000 200
becoming increasingly important at the expense of the construction sector, which
900 180
remains
500 clearly dominant (4/5 of sold collectors). 100
400 80 800 160
At300
the end of 2014 and based on APISOLAR’s records since 2003, the cumulated
60 700 140
installed
200 area is of the order of 1.07 mio m2 (789.6 MWth). 40 600 120
100 20 500 100

Considering
0 the annual installed capacity, and the estimate for 2015, the market 0 400 80
should stabilize
2005 around
2006 55 000
2007 m2 / 2009
2008 year, based
2010 on2011the expected,
2012 yet slow,
2013 2014increase 300 60
in new construction observed
Newly installed (MWth) in the
Totalmarket since
installed n-1 (MWththe
) beginning of this
Annual Capacity (m2year.
) 200 40
100 20
This is clearly insufficient to reach the goals of the National Plan for Energy 0 0
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, where it was determined that 2.2 mio m² of solar 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
thermal systems should be installed by 2020, which corresponds to an average annual Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
growth of 11.5% between 2010 and 2020. Currently it is forecast that only half
that amount will beMarket
Solar Thermal installed byand
in EU28 2020. To achieve the target, the annual installations
Switzerland
must
MWth reach
Total150 000Installed
and Newly m2 / year, which
Capacity can
(glazed only be possible with support measures.
collectors) m2 (x1000) Solar Thermal Market in Belgium
32 500 5 000 MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
30 000 4 500 1 000 200
27 500
4 000 900 180
25 000
22 500 3 500 800 160
20 000 3 000 700 140
17 500
15 000 The Solar Keymark 2 500
2 000
600
500
120
100
CEN Keymark Scheme

12 500
10 000 1 500 400 80
7 500 1 000 300 60
5 000
500 200 40
The Quality Label for Solar Thermal

2 500
0 0 100 20
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Benefits:
Newly installed (MW ) Total installed n-1 (MW )
th Annual Capacity (m )
th
2
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m ) 2
• Simple test procedure

• One test valid across Europe
• Licensed products Number of Solar Keymark licences
• Access to subsidies Solar Thermal Market in Czech Republic

• Reliable quality and performance MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors)
1800
m2 (x1000)
1 000 200
MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000) 900 1600 180
15 000 The Solar Keymark is a voluntary third-party certification mark for solar 2 500 800 1400 160
thermal products, showing that a product conforms to relevant European2 250 1200
13 500 700 140
standards and fulfils additional requirements. It is used in Europe and
12 000 increasingly recognized worldwide. 2 000 1000
600 120
1 750 800
10 500 500 100
9 000 It was developed by the European Solar Thermal Industry Federation
600
1 500 400 80
(ESTIF) and CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) in close 1 250
400
7 500 300 60
co-operation with leading European test labs and with the support of the 200
6 000 European Commission. It is the European quality label for solar thermal 1 000 200 40
0
4 500 products, aiming to reduce trade barriers and promote the use of high 750 100 20
Jan 2003
Jan 2004
Jan 2005
Jan 2006
Jan 2007
Jan 2008
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
3 000 quality solar thermal products in the European market and beyond. 500 0 0
250 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
1 500
0 Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m ) 2
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
9
SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS IN EUROPE
DATA FOR 2014
Key > 250 kWth
50-250 kWth
25-50 kWth
EU28+ Country name
-7.1% Annual evolution 2013/2014
15-25 kWth Sweden
31 840 MWth Cumulative installed capacity in operation (MWth) -22.5%
61.4 kWth kWth per 1000 capita 237 MWth
< 15 kWth
24.3 kWth
Denmark
52.9%
656 MWth
115.9 kWth
Ireland UK
-7.1% -15.3%
226 MWth 543 MWth
48.9 kWth 8.4 kWth
Netherlands
-19.0%
392 MWth
23.2 kWth
Germany
-11.8%
Belgium 12 381 MWth
-11.9% 149.9 kWth
346 MWth
30.9 kWth
Luxembourg*
36 MWth Czech Republic

66.7 kWth -14.1%
355 MWth
33.7 kWth
Austria
-14.4%
2 958 MWth
France Switzerland 345.6 kWth
-20.9% -7.2% Slovenia
1 691 MWth 941 MWth -55.0%
25.5 kWth 117 kWth 123 MWth
59.8 kWth
Italy
-25.0%
2 774 MWth
45.6 kWth
Croatia
3%
117 MWth
27.6 kWth
Portugal Spain
-10.9% 9.8%
660 MWth 2 137 MWth
63.6 kWth 46.0 kWth
Malta
39.6%
37 MWth
86.5 kWth
AT AT 000
40 5%
20 000 FR 5%
20 000
Newly installedDK
capacity for markets below 105 MWth (150 000m2) CH 4%
0 0
2004kWth2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 BE 2% m2
GR PT 2%
ES
140 000 Portugal Switzerland Denmark Belgium 200 000
OTHERS 9%
PL IT 180 000
120 000
160 000
100 000 140 000
120 000
80 000
Finland* 100 000
60 000
31 MWth 80 000
5.6 kWth 40 000 60 000
Shares of the European Solar Thermal Market (Newly Installed Capacity)
kWth Development of Main Markets - Newly Installed Capacity per 1000 Capita 402 000
m
20 000
30 20 000
40
Others
DE 31%
0
25 0
35
Estonia* 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
GR 2013
9% 2014
PT 30
20 BE IT 9%
7 MWth CH Portugal Switzerland Denmark Belgium 25
5.6 kWth DE PL 9%
15 20
FR ES 9%
10 15
DK 6%
10
5 AT AT 5%
Latvia 5
6.2% FR 5%
0 0
6 MWth 2004
DK 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 CH
2012 4%
2013 2014
3.0 kWth
BE 2%
Austria Germany Greece Italy GR Poland Spain France EU28+
ES PT 2%
Shares of the European Solar Thermal Market (Newly Installed Capacity)
OTHERS 9%
PL IT
Lithuania*
Others
DE 31%
7 MWth GR 9%
PT
2.5 kWth BE IT 9%
CH
DE PL 9%
FR ES 9%
kWth Solar Thermal Capacity in Operation (per 1000 Capita) DK 6% m
2
700 1 000
AT AT 5%
kWth Development of Main Markets - Newly Installed Capacity per 1000 Capita m2 900
600 FR 5% 800
Poland 30 40
-5.1% 500 DK CH 4% 700
1 222 MWth 25 35
BE 2% 600
31.8 kWth 400 30
20 ES
GR PT 2% 500
300 25 400
OTHERS 9%
15 200 IT 20 300
PL
15 200
10 100 100
10
5 0 0
CY
AT
GR
DE
CH
DK
MT
LU
PT
EU28+
SI
IE
ES
IT
CZ
PL
BE
5
Slovakia 0 0
-11.3% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
107 MWth
19.7 kWth Austria Germany Greece Italy Poland Spain France EU28+
kWth Development of Main Markets - Newly Installed Capacity per 1000 Capita m2
30 40
25 Solar Thermal Market in EU28 and Switzerland (glazed collectors) 35
kWth m2
Hungary 30
-11.1% 3 500 000 20 5 000 000
25
178 MWth 3 000 000 15
18.0 kWth 20
4 000 000
2 500 000 15
Romania kWth 10
Solar Thermal Capacity in Operation (per 1000 Capita) m 2
-22.4% 3 000 000

10
7002 000 000 1 000
100 MWth 5 900 5
5.0 kWth 6001 500 000 2 000 000
0 800 0
5001 000 000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 700 2014
1 000 000
600
400 500 000
Bulgaria* Austria Germany Greece Italy Poland Spain France
500 EU28+
300 0 0
400
91 MWth 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
200 300
12.6 kWth Germany Next top 6 countries (AT, ES, FR, GR, IT, PL) Other 21 EU countries
200and Switzerland
100 100
Note:
0 0
The data are usually provided by national solar thermal associations or other national sources.
CY
AT
GR
DE
CH
DK
MT
LU
PT
EU28+
SI
IE
ES
IT
CZ
PL
BE
Countries marked with an * are ESTIF estimations and are therefore not sufficiently accurate
to set a percentage variation in the market.
kWth Solar Thermal Capacity in Operation (per 1000 Capita) m2

700 1 000
900
System costs 2011 (combisystem
600 11m2, retail price net for end consumer) 800
500 700
Solar Thermal Market in EU28
Installer: and Switzerland
EBITDA 5% (glazed collectors) 600
kWth 400 m2
Greece
18.9% 3 500 000 installation administrative costs 3%
Installer: 5 000
Manufacturing costs 000 500
(collector, store and others) 25%
300 400
3 000 MWth 3Installer:
000 000labour costs for installation 8%
271.2 kWth 200 4 000 000 300
2 500 000 200
%
100 R 16 MA
LLE
TA allation
) NU 3 000 000 100
2 000 000 0
0 st
INS
FAEU28+
CY
AT
GR
DE
CH
DK
MT
LU
PT
SI
IE
ES
IT
CZ
PL
BE
(in
CTU
1 500 000 2 000 000

RER 38%
1 000 000
uct)
Research & Development 1%

%
1 000 000
TA of prod
R 34
500 000 Installer: EBITDA 29%

Cyprus Manufacturing: marketing, sales, services 5%
LLE
es
l
-7.3% 0
W
0 (sa S
IN
HO
LES
2004 482 MW2006
2005 th 2007 2008 2009 2010 ALE 1
2%2011 2012 2013 Manufacturing:
2014 management 2%
567.4 kWth
Germany Next top 6 countries (AT, ES, FR, GR, IT, PL) Other 21 EU countries and SwitzerlandEBITDA 4%
Manufacturing:
Solar Thermal Market in EU28 and Switzerland (glazed collectors) WHSLE trade: marketing, sales, services, logistics 8%
kWth m2
Installer: management 1%
3 500 000 WHSLE trade: management 1% 5 000 000
3 000 000 Installer: sales 4% WHSLE trade: EBITDA 3% 4 000 000

2 500 000
Note: EBITDA = earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization WHSLE = Wholesale
LABELPACK A+ / ENERGY LABELLING
LabelPack A+ is leading the way towards a smooth

implementation of energy labelling, mandatory from
26 September 2015 for heating appliances (including
Lot 1 ‘Space heaters’ and Lot 2 ‘Water heaters’) under the Energy
Labelling Directive 2010/30/EU, specifically the Commission
Delegated Regulation (EU) No 811/2013 and No 812/2013.
Coordinated by ESTIF the

LabelPack A+ project is focusing
SUPPORT FOR THE LABELPACK A+ PROJECT!
on the “package label” to boost
the uptake of solar heating and
From September 2015, anyone can make a difference to the national
cooling.
implementation of the project by:
Initially targeting markets with
JOINING THE NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS PLATFORM

particular relevance for the
sector, while providing geo-
Join as an advisory member of the National Stakeholders Platform and
graphic diversity (Germany,
increase awareness on renewable energy sources and establish a long-
Italy, Austria, France, Portugal
term collaboration between actors of the renewable heating and cooling
and United Kingdom), Label-
sector in your country. (Available in AT, DE, FR, IT, PT, UK).
Pack will be extended to other
countries in the EU, sharing
tools and best-practice.
PARTICIPATING IN TRAININGS
Participate in training on the Energy Labelling Directive via e-learning

sessions and/or in-house training schemes.
DIRECT BENEFITS FROM
THE LABELPACK A+ PROJECT!
USING THE ONLINE TOOL
Calculate, create and edit energy labels via the LabelPack A+ project’s
The project consortium will: online simulation tool. Contact the LabelPack A+ helpdesk for users
• develop guidelines to clarify the responsibility of each actor in the support.
supply chain;
• participate in the definition of the National Pilot Actions;
• provide recommendations for the legislation revision, to be com-
municated to the European Commission and Member States; STAY INFORMED!
• facilitate the exchange of product related information, as product
databases available to all the actors in the energy labelling process; Regularly visit the LabelPack A+ project website www.labelpackaplus.eu
• disseminate periodical information material for increased visibility and to keep up-to-date with developments, to download the latest documents
to achieve common understanding. and give your feedback!
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 649905
12
MARKET SIZE IN TERMS OF SOLAR THERMAL CAPACITY (KWTH)

AND IN TERMS OF COLLECTOR AREA (M2)
Market (=Newly Installed)3 In Operation2
2012 2013 2014 Annual 2014 Annual

Evolution of Evolution
the Market of the Total
Installed
Capacity
Total Total Flat Vacuum Total Total Total Total Total
Glazed Glazed Plate Collectors Glazed Glazed Glazed Glazed Glazed
m2 m2 m2 m2 m2 kW(th)1 % m2 kW(th) %
Austria 206 390 179 180 150 530 2 910 153 440 107 408 -14.4% 4 225 401 2 957 781 1.1%
Belgium 62 000 59 000 42 500 9 500 52 000 36 400 -11.9% 494 033 345 823 11.6%
Bulgaria* 8 000 5 600 5 100 500 5 600 3 920 - 130 300 91 210 -
Croatia 18 474 20 900 18 952 2 575 21 527 15 069 3.0% 167 092 116 964 14.8%
Cyprus 23 917 20 991 18 834 633 19 467 13 627 -7.3% 688 234 481 764 -1.5%
Czech Republic 50 000 44 531 27 095 11 148 38 243 26 770 -14.1% 506 992 354 894 7.5%
Denmark 113 000 117 170 179 186 0 179 186 125 430 52.9% 936 841 655 789 20.5%
Estonia* 1 800 2 000 1 000 1 000 2 000 1 400 - 10 520 7 364 -
Finland* 4 000 4 000 3 000 1 000 4 000 2 800 - 44 023 30 816 -
France4 249 500 190 300 150 500 0 150 500 105 350 -20.9% 2 415 200 1 690 640 6.6%
Germany 1 150 000 1 020 000 814 000 86 000 900 000 630 000 -11.8% 17 687 000 12 380 900 4.4%
Greece 243 000 227 500 270 000 600 270 600 189 420 18.9% 4 286 300 3 000 410 2.6%
Hungary 50 000 18 000 11 500 4 500 16 000 11 200 -11.1% 253 814 177 670 6.7%
Ireland 27 087 27 269 14 691 10 644 25 335 17 735 -7.1% 323 163 226 214 8.5%
Italy 330 000 358 000 236 280 32 220 268 500 187 950 -25.0% 3 962 644 2 773 851 6.8%
Latvia 300 2 222 1 940 420 2 360 1 652 6.2% 8 622 6 035 37.7%
Lithuania* 1 800 2 200 800 1 400 2 200 1 540 - 10 400 7 280 -
Luxemburg* 4 150 6 000 5 000 1 000 6 000 4 200 - 51 200 35 840 -
Malta* 1 700 1 089 1 065 455 1 520 1 064 39.6% 52 984 37 089 3.0%
Netherlands 42 470 38 775 31 411 0 31 411 21 988 -19.0% 560 693 392 485 3.8%
Poland 302 000 274 100 208 100 52 000 260 100 182 070 -5.1% 1 745 590 1 221 913 17.5%
Portugal 90 612 57 234 50 064 903 50 967 35 677 -10.9% 943 051 660 136 4.5%
Romania 15 500 23 850 6 200 12 300 18 500 12 950 -22.4% 143 050 100 135 11.3%
Slovakia 7 500 6 200 4 600 900 5 500 3 850 -11.3% 152 450 106 715 1.5%
Slovenia 16 500 10 000 3 500 1 000 4 500 3 150 -55.0% 176 300 123 410 -5.6%
Spain 225 683 228 721 235 355 15 894 251 249 175 874 9.8% 3 052 435 2 136 705 8.7%
Sweden 11 257 8 611 5 024 1 649 6 673 4 671 -22.5% 338 356 236 849 -1.2%
Switzerland 142 000 121 974 98 744 14 403 113 147 79 203 -7.2% 1 343 962 940 773 7.4%
United Kingdom 59 275 43 133 29 508 7 044 36 552 25 586 -15.3% 775 558 542 891 3.9%
EU28 + Switzerland 3 457 915 3 118 550 - - 2 897 077 2 027 954 -7.1% 45 486 207 31 840 345 5.3%
ESTIF would like to thank the solar thermal associations and other national sources for providing the data for these statistics, in particular:
AEE INTEC; Association pour Techniques Thermiques de Belgique (ATTB/Belsolar); Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar; Cyprus Ministry of Energy, Commerce, Industry and
Tourism; Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade; Danish Solar Heating Association (DSF); Finish Solar Energy Association / Statistics Finland - Environment and Energy;
Syndicat des professionnels de l’énergie solaire (ENERPLAN); Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft (BSW-Solar); Greek Solar Industry Association (EBHE); Solar Thermal
Association of Hungarian Building Engineers (MÉGNAP); Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEIA); Assotermica; Latvian solar thermal collector association; Energy
Statistics Division - Statistics Lithuania; Malta Resources Authority; Holland Solar; EC BREC Institute for Renewable Energy (IEO); Associação Portuguesa da Indústria Solar
(APISOLAR); Camera de Comerţ şi Industrie Româno-Germană (AHK);THERMO/SOLAR Ziar s.r.o.; University of Ljubljana; ASOCIACIÓN SOLAR DE LA INDUSTRIA
TÉRMICA (ASIT); Svensk solenergi; Chalmers University of Technology; Swissolar; Solar Trade Association (STA).
A complete list with acknowledgements and comments can be found on the ESTIF website in the market statistics section.
Figures for countries marked with an * are ESTIF estimations and, therefore, these are not sufficiently accurate to be used for percent change calculations in these markets.
A complete list with updated market figures 2013-2014 can be found on the ESTIF website in the market statistics section.
1) The relation between collector area and capacity is 1m² = 0.7kWth (kilowatt-thermal)
2) Capacity “in operation” refers to the solar thermal capacity built in the past and deemed to be still in use. ESTIF assumes a 20 year product life for all systems installed
since 1990. Most products today would last considerably longer, but they often cease to be used earlier, e.g. because the building was demolished, or there has been
a change of building use.
3) The figures presented are the latest available information at the end of May 2015. In some cases there may be later updates, which means that figures for one given
year may be revised subsequently.
4) The figures shown here relate to Metropolitan France (mainland). As a reference, in 2010 the overseas departments amounted to 49 MWth (70,000 m²).
13
17 500 2 500
15 000
2 000
Solar Thermal Markets in Europe Trends and Market Statistics 2014 12 500
10 000 1 500
7 500 1 000
5 000
500
2 500
0 0
COUNTRY FOCUS: 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
TURKEY Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
TURKEY POPULATION: 77 695 904 AREA: 783 562 km2 DENSITY: 97/km2 GDP: 9330 EUR/P.C. MEAN GLOBAL RADIATION: 1311 MWh/m2a
For decades, in parallel with its rising population and increasing GDP,
Turkey has been experiencing rapid demand growth in all segments of MWth Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors) m2 (x1000)
the energy sector. Turkey’s energy consumption of primary energy and 15 000 2 500
electricity has risen at an annual average rate of 4 to 8% in the last two 13 500 2 250
decades. It is expected that this trend will continue in the future. Turkey 12 000 2 000
spends 60 billion dollars in energy imports every year. In 2014, the number 10 500 1 750
of buildings reached 9.3 million, with 22 million dwellings consuming 28.2 9 000 1 500
million toe. This consumption is mainly supplied by natural gas, coal and 7 500 1 250
1 000
wood for heating and electricity for cooling. 6 000
4 500 750
500
Therefore, energy security and sustainable energy supply are among the 3 000
250
main policy concerns of Turkey, to reduce import dependency (less than 1 500
0 0
28% of total produced locally - 32,3 Mtoe), managing current account 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
deficit (energy imports represent 25.3% of total imports) and meeting Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
its target for renewables share by 2023.
Hence,Turkey gives significant importance to the diversification of energy Some recent developments in application and technology have been:
sources, encouraging the energy production from renewable sources in
a secure, economic and cost-effective manner, developing the sector in 1. Solar water heaters, gaining importance in Turkey’s social housing and
the country. public funded projects, built by the country’s Housing Development
Administration (TOKI),
In this context; solar energy is a main driver since Turkey is located • TOKI has provided a total of 20 000 flats for low-income families with
geographically in a region called the “solar band,” which has the greatest solar hot water in Kayabasi/Istanbul,Yapracik/Ankara, and Kayseri2,
utilization potential for solar energy. • TOKI had installed solar heating systems in 100 hospitals across the
country3,
According to the latest market surveys in 2011 and 20121; multi-family • One year after the earthquake in the city of Van in eastern
houses represent the fastest-growing segment in Turkey´s solar thermal Turkey, TOKI has built 15 323 new flats for those who lost their
market, with 52% of the vote from the survey participants. Another homes, with individual 120 litre thermosiphon solar water heaters,
17% consider single-family houses to be the most important segment, corresponding to a total collector area of 30 646 m² 4.
14% opted for the tourism sector, 10 % for the public sector and 7% for • The high-security Silivri Prison is equipped with 3500 m² solar water
industrial process heat. heaters, as being Turkey´s biggest solar thermal project so far.
The most typical application in Turkey is domestic hot water since the early 2. Solar combisystems, combining solar water and space heating and
1970s. The most typical product type, and still popular, is the individual working alongside gas boilers, are becoming popular reference projects
thermosiphon system with 2 flat plate collectors, each 2m².This market is for villas and particularly hotels. Large companies have shown strong
very mature and widespread throughout the country.There are, however, interest since each project includes between 70 and 500 solar collector
many other solar heating and cooling applications in the country; such as: installations.
• Water heating in domestic, industrial, tourism, and service facilities, 3. Vacuum tube technology is making gains in the Turkish market5. Between
• Space cooling in hotels and, recently, in shopping malls 2007 and 2013, the share of vacuum tubes increased from 4 to nearly
• Drying agricultural products without a special setup and recently with 33% of the total newly installed collector area in the country.
solar air heaters,
• Heating vegetable and flower greenhouses in the Mediterranean, Aegean, Currently, Turkey has the biggest European solar thermal energy market.
and partially South-eastern Anatolian regions of Turkey Turkey is still keeping its position as 4th by cumulated installed capacity and
2nd by newly installed capacity worldwide.With more than 90 manufacturers
and 3 000 installers, Turkey’s solar industry is increasing its activities and
RUSSIA
BULGARIA
supplying over 1.5 mio m2 of locally-produced solar thermal collectors.
Black Sea Domestic hot water is still the main usage area rather than solar heating
GEORGIA and cooling, which are almost negligible at this stage, although the market
Istanbul Samsun is promising great opportunities.
Troy ANKARA The Turkish Solar Energy Association, GUNDER (ISES-TR) continues its
endeavours to facilitate information flow for a healthy market develop-
TURKEY ment and is now looking forward to welcoming the participants at the
Van
SHC 2015 Conference in Istanbul.
Mersin For more information

Tel: +90 312 4181887 E-mail: info@gunder.org.tr
1 www.solarthermalworld.org/content/turkey-high-quality-solar-hot-water-systems-across-earthquake-area
IRAQ
CYPRUS SYRIA 2 www.solarthermalworld.org/content/turkey-high-quality-solar-hot-water-systems-across-earthquake-area
Mediterranean Sea 3 www.solarthermalworld.org/content/turkey-solar-hot-water-systems-supply-20000-low-income-family-flats
4 www.solarthermalworld.org/content/turkey-industry-discovers-space-heating-and-process-heat
5 www.solarthermalworld.org/content/turkey-vacuum-tubes-rise
14
MAJOR MARKET TRENDS Average ISOL Index = Indicator for market development
Brazil (27) 48
Turkey (28) 46
2013 Average ISOL Index = Indicator for market development
Analyses of solrico India (52) 45
Average ISOL Index = Indicator for market development
Author:
Brazil (27) Bärbel Epp 48
Mexico (29) 39
Chile (13) 35
Turkey (28)
The ISOL business Index compares the attractiveness and the growth 46Brazil (27) 48
South Africa (25) 31
opportunities
India (52)of key solar thermal markets on a scale of 0 to 100 45Turkey (28) 46
points. The industry in Brazil, Turkey and India is most satisfied with China (45) 28
business situation reaching high indices of 45 to 48 points.39
Mexico (29)
the current India (52) 45
China dropped significantly in the ranking and reached a lowest-ever USA (38) 27
Chile (13) 35 Mexico (29) 39
score with 28 points due to a dramatic turn down on the market from
average annual 0 20 35 40 60
South Africa (25)growth rates of +30 % to -20% in 2014. USA 31 is still on Chile (13)
the bottom of the ranking with 27 points.
China (45) 28 South Africa (25) 31
USA (38) 27 China (45) 28

Which market segment will dominate your27
USA (38) sales in 2020 in your national market?
0 20 40 60
0 20 40 60
North/Central Europe
46% 27% 11% 16%
(101 answers)
Which market segment will dominate your sales in 2020 in your national market? Transition from residential to commercial
BRIC countries plus Mexico
Which market segment will dominate40% your sales in 202023% 24%
in your national market? 7%
(70 answers)Single-family houses, the currently most important sales segment,
North/Central Europe will lose relevance. The majority of the solar thermal manufacturers
46% 27% 11% Mediterranean
16% Region
worldwide predict their40%sales to be dominated
29% by other 11%client 8%
groups
8%
(101 answers) (91 answers)
North/Central Europethan homeowners in 2020. In the Mediterranean region for example
46% 27% 11% 16%
(101 answers) every third company assumes that multi-family houses will dominate
BRIC countries plus Mexico 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
40% 23% 24% 7% their sales in 2020. In Central Europe every sixth company predicts
(70 answers)
BRIC countries plus Mexico
the highest sales40%
with public orders by 2020. In the BRIC
Single-family houses Multi-family houses
23% 24%countries,
Tourism 7% the
sector
Mediterranean Region (70 answers) transition away from residential is even more dynamic. A quarter of
40% 29% 11% Solar
8% 8% Cooling Process heat Public sector
(91 answers) the manufacturers in India, Brazil and China foresee industrial process
Mediterranean Regionheat to be the main market segment in 2020.
40% 29% 11% 8% 8%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%(91 answers)
100%
Single-family houses Multi-family houses Tourism sector 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Solar Cooling Process heat Public sector
Single-family houses Multi-family houses Tourism sector
Solar Cooling Process heat Public sector
There is a clear correlation between a positive market development How will end consumer prices of solar thermal systems develop
and increasing system prices and the opposite. 64 % of the companies in 2015 compared to last year?
from the large BRIC markets expect raising end-consumer solar system
prices in 2015, whereas in the slow moving markets in Europe only Mediterranean 2015
9% of the companies consider increasing system prices in the coming (94 answers)
months.The price pressure is highest in the Mediterranean region where
How will end consumer prices of solar thermal systems develop
39 % expects prices to fall. North/Central Europe 2015
in 2015 compared to last year?
How will end consumer prices of solar thermal systems develop
(112answers)
The presented results are taken from the latest ISOL Navigator study in 2015 compared to last year?
Mediterranean
published 20152014. Further information: www.solrico.com
in December BRIC countries 2015
(94 answers) (61answers)
Mediterranean 2015
(94 answers)
North/Central Europe 2015 0% 50% 100%
(112answers)
North/Central Europe 2015
Raising significantly / Falling slightly / Staying as they are
BRIC countries 2015 (112answers)
slightly falling significantly
(61answers)
BRIC countries 2015
0% 50% (61answers)
100%
Raising significantly / Falling slightly / Staying as they are 0% 50% 100%

slightly falling significantly Staying as they are
Raising significantly / Falling slightly /
slightly falling significantly
15
SOLAR THERMAL, THE VERSATILE TECHNOLOGY:

THREE EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
Large-scale installations (m2)
160 000
SOLAR
140 000
HEAT
New
Extension
FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
120 000
There are still Results

100 000from the SHIP database and SHC IEA Task 49
Christoph
80 000 Brunner, AEE INTEC
many opportunities Solar40 Heat
60 000
000 for Industrial Processes (SHIP) is a promising market for large-
in several market scale20solar

000 thermal applications. Currently, there are 155 operating solar
thermal0systems for process heat worldwide, with a total capacity of about
101 MWth (1442006 406
2007m²). The first
2009 applications
2011were of an2013
experimental
segments to increase
2008 2010 2012 2014
nature with relatively small scale. In recent years, significantly larger solar
thermal fields have been used.
the use of solar The chart below shows the importance of large-scale solar thermal
thermal technology. applications.The largest 20 plants represent in total 104 918 m², i.e. 73%
of the total installed gross area, and 60 % of the gross area was installed
since 2011.
Here are three examples 71 plants with 6 295m2

Scale of SHIP plants
20 plants with 104 918m2
of applications, showcased 45
40
60 000
50 000
Number of plants (-)
for their potential role

35
Gross area (m2)

30 40 000
25
30 000
in the energy transition.

20
15 20 000
10
10 000
These applications have

5
0 0
0 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 300
300 - 400
400 - 500
500 - 600
600 - 700
700 - 800
800 - 900
900 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 5000
5000 - 10 000
10 000 - 40 000
a common denominator:
they contribute to a Sum of gross area per category
Area-categories (m2)
Number of plants per category
reduction in the use

of conventional energy – In 2013 the largest collector field worldwide started operating in Chile
with a 39 300 m² gross area.The average plant size (of plants > 100 m²)
solar energy is free! has increased in recent years. Between 2000 and 2007 the average plant
size was 585 m² gross area, since then it has risen to 2 118 m².
In recent years, three industry sectors have been particularly receptive

to SHIP applications:
• Food and drink industry (30 % of installed gross area)
Total number of estimated solar cooling systems installed worldwide.
• Mining and quarrying Source:(28 %Solem
of Consulting
installed/ TECSOL
gross area)
• Textile and leather industry (22 % of installed gross area)
1 200
The most
1 000 common collector types are:
Europe
World
• Flat plate collectors (65 % of installed gross area)
Total amount of installed Solar Cooling
systems in Europe & the World
• Evacuated
800 tube collectors (21 % of installed gross area)
• Parabolic trough collectors (7 % of installed gross area)
• Air collectors
600 (5 % of installed gross area)
400
However, the great potential of SHIP remains largely untapped. Some
areas must
200 be improved for the full uptake of SHIP: sector concepts to
open new markets, lower system costs for the consumer (this does not
necessarily0 imply reduced collector costs), and financial solutions from the
solar industry2004
to meet
2006the short2008
2007 amortization
2009 2010period
2011 required by end-users.
2012 2013 2014
16
Scale of SHIP plants
71 plants with 6 295m 2

20 plants with 104 918m2
45 60 000
40
50 000

35
Gross area (m2)

30 40 000
25
30 000
20
SOLAR DISTRICT HEATING SOLAR COOLING
15 20 000
10
10 000
5
Jan-Olof Dalenbäck, Chalmers University of Technology Daniel
0 Mugnier, TECSOL 0
0 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 300
300 - 400
400 - 500
500 - 600
600 - 700
700 - 800
800 - 900
900 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 5000
5000 - 10 000
10 000 - 40 000
For solar heating to be a reliable heating system, as with all renewables, In the growing cooling and refrigeration global market, there is a
it is a prerequisite to develop large-scale applications. The market for huge potential for cooling systems driven with solar thermal energy.
large-scale solar heating systems (>500 m² collector area, >350 kWth A major argument for their installation is their lower consumption of
Area-categories (m ) 2
nominal thermal power), has increased more or less steadily since 2007. conventional energy.
The main reason is a very positive development of solar district heating Sum of gross area per category Number of plants per category
systems in Denmark, with 61 systems and altogether 555 000 m² of In 2014 there were around 1 200 solar cooling plants installed world-
collector area in operation end 2014. wide, covering all types of technologies and sizes. Of course, this still
only represents a small market share in view of the tens of millions
of compression air-conditioning systems sold annually, but recently a
Large-scale installations (m2) number of large and very large installations were completed or are under
160 000
development. And – even more important – a number of projects are
New
wholly driven by private investors, without major incentive or funding
140 000
Extension programme supporting these projects.
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000 Source: Solem Consulting / TECSOL
40 000 1 200
20 000
Europe
1 000
0 World
Total amount of installed Solar Cooling
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

systems in Europe & the World
800
600
The diagram above shows that the systems are meeting expectations,
generating investment both for newly built plants and for enlarging 400
existing ones.
200
The pioneering RD&D development started in Sweden in the 80s. It was
0
followed later on by RD&D programmes in Germany and Austria, and has
2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
now matured in Denmark.The main driver in Denmark is the combination
of a high share of wind power and
Scale high
of SHIP natural gas cost, which makes
plants
large-scale solar
71 plants with 6heating
295m systems economical in Danish
20 plants district heating
with 104 918m
2 2
systems. A similar situation may occur in other countries in the near future. Currently, however, only very few companies offer complete solar cooling
45 60 000
40 solutions, as most systems still consist of components or subsystems
50 000
Interest35in large-scale systems has gradually increased in other countries ”custom made”. Moreover, there is still a need for greater expertise and
Gross area (m2)
and large-scale plants are now demonstrated in 20 European 40

30 000
countries. experience from planners, installers, and other professionals involved.
25
The average
20 size of the 227 plants in operation is 3 500 m² (2.4 MWth).
30 000 The next major step to gain market share is to transform today’s low
The largest
15 plant so far represents 70 000 m² (49 MWth) of solar 20collectors
000 volume market channels into a mass market, while driving costs down
and has10just been put into operation. The main application is 10in000district further through the standardization of concepts, design methods and
5
heating 0systems, but there are also a number of systems used0 for large development of reliable package solutions.
building complexes and in industry processes, for heating as well as cooling.
0 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 300
300 - 400
400 - 500
500 - 600
600 - 700
700 - 800
800 - 900
900 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 5000
5000 - 10 000
10 000 - 40 000
Renewable energies are called to play an important role in future energy

More information about solar district heating systems is provided by the systems in an effort to limit CO2 emissions generated by conventional
EC IEE project SDH at www.solar-district-heating.eu. energy sources. Solar cooling technology is one of the important solutions
Area-categories (m2)
to this problem and it provides a niche market opportunity for many
Sum of gross area per category Number of plants per category
stakeholders involved, including building owners, planners, manufacturers,
and installation companies.

Source: Solem Consulting / TECSOL
1 200
17
2020 TARGETS:
A BERMUDA TRIANGLE OF LOST OPPORTUNITIES?
In the Renewable Energy Progress Report1 launched in The indicative targets proposed by the Member States in the NREAPs
June 2015, the European Commission mentions that the were already modest in terms of ambition. A study on the Potential of
EU Member States are on track to reach the 2020 targets. Solar Thermal in Europe, published in 2009, projected different scenarios:
Business As Usual (BAU), Advanced Market Deployment (AMD) and a
However, projections for 2020 show a different scenario with targets more ambitious one, Full R&D and Policy Scenario (RDP). Interestingly, the
not being reached. At first, following the adoption of the Renewables combination of national indicative targets for solar thermal in the NREAPS,
Directive in 2009, the development of renewables was impressive. published slightly later, were extremely close to the AMD scenario2.
Afterwards, as support dwindled, there was a dramatic slowdown in
renewable energy investments with a lower uptake of renewable 2020
technologies. EU Path BAU AMD NREAPs RDP
Total GWth 60 68 102 104 272

And, even if the EU Member States combined have exceeded the Installed
capacity Million m² 86 97 146 148 388
indicative target for 2014, the results are quite different per country and
Target Mtoe 3.7 4.2 6.3 6.4 16.7
per technology, highlighting the diversity that characterizes Europe and 2020
the different levels of commitment.
The current projection presented by the European Commission
Technology Projected NREAP Projected 2020 Deviation Deviation indicates that Members States are on a ‘path’ that is below the business
Category deployment target 2020 target 2014 2020
2014 2014 deployment deployment as usual scenario presented in the referred study. Clearly, measures being
(max) (max)
taken by the Member States are not supporting the development of the
RES total 176.7 172.3 221.5 242.1 3% -9%
technology as expected.
RES heating 87.6 80.5 107.5 108.9 9% -1%
& cooling
The main causes behind the difficulties in the solar thermal market have
RES 72.5 73.3 94.9 103.7 -1% -9%
electricity been broadly discussed. It is, in general, agreed that these include consumer
RES 16.6 18.4 19.1 29.5 -10% -35% preference for lower investment costs needed for conventional heating
transport solutions, being rather more sensitive to this factor than to the actual energy
Solar Thermal 2.2 2.6 3.7 6.4 -15% -42% cost. This effect is enhanced by the current market approach, where the
replacement of existing equipment is mostly with an equivalent equip-
Projected deployment and deviation from planned EU technology deployment 2014 and 2020, Renewable
energy progress report, European Commission, June 2015.Values on Mtoe. ment rather than with a new solution. Other factors are the low fossil
fuel prices (subsidized in several cases) and additional competition in the
The projection in terms of development per technology shows that, for market provided by alternative renewable energy solutions.
several technologies, the indicative targets were not met in 2014 and risk
not being met by 2020. Solar thermal is one of the most obvious cases Removal of several of the existing barriers depends on the eventual
where, if intentions are not met with concrete actions, the indicative 2020 intervention of public authorities, such as the limited awareness of the
targets for this technology will unfortunately be missed.While in 2012, the technologies, instability in support measures, lack of regulations promoting
sector was 1.7% below the indicative target, in 2014 it is already -15.3% the switch from fossil fuels to clean options or scarcity of qualified
and the projections indicate that by 2020, the deviation from the target installers. It is obvious that, in general, Member States are falling short on
will be between -41.8% and -45.6%. the implementation of the renewables directive, in particular with regard
to ‘Administrative procedures, regulations and codes’3 or ‘Information and
training’4, on issues such as building regulations5, adequate information
and awareness raising initiatives at local and regional level6 or on the
certification and qualification of installers7.
EC Projection of NREAPs implementation Solar thermal
Mtoe
6 100%
5
75%
4
3 50%
Triangle of
2 Missed Opportunities
25% • 56.000 Jobs in the solar thermal sector
1 • 9 billion euro natural gas imports
• 24 million tons CO2 released in the atmosphere
0 0%
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
NREAPs Target Proj. 2020 Target Triangle of missed opportunities
18
1 000 000
1 000 000
500 000
0 0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
kWth Development of Main Markets - Newly Installed Capacity per 1000 Capita m2
Germany Next top 6 countries (AT, ES, FR, GR, IT, PL) Other 21 EU countries and Switzerland
30 40
25 35
30
20
25
15 20
10 15
10
Not meeting the 5 indicative targets for solar thermal also implies a lost 5
ystem costs 2011 (combisystem 11m , retail price net for end consumer)
2
opportunity in0 terms of job creation. Since solar thermal is mostly a EUROPE 0 CANNOT
decentralized 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
energy
EBITDA 5%source, nearly half the investments in the sector
Installer:
are allocated to the lowerGermany
end of the value chain. This meansSpain
that, even
AFFORD TO BE A
Austria Greece Italy Manufacturing
Poland costs France EU28+
staller: installation administrative costs 3%
when collectors are not produced locally, the installation is done by local
(collector, store
BERMUDA
and others) 25%
TRIANGLE
aller: labour costs forcompanies.
installation 8% This has an important impact on the local economy and thus
contributes to local job creation. 16% Local added value is self-evident when
OF LOST
LER
OPPORTUNITIES
MA
AL llation) NU
analysing the breakdown ofstathe purchase price of a solar thermal system.
T
INS
FA
(in
CTU
On average, installation covers from 40 to 60% of the final costs, as can

RER 38%
be seen from the graph at the bottom of the pageResearch indicating the
uct)
& Development 1%
%
Installer: investment split for a solar thermal system in Germany8.

TA of prod
R 34
EBITDA 29%
Solar Thermal Capacity in Operation (per 1000 Capita) Manufacturing: marketing, sales, services
m25%
LLE
kWth
es
l
W
(sa S HO
700
LES 1 000
The local dimension of the solar thermal sector is Manufacturing:
a major positive
IN ALE 1
2% management 2%
900
externality and 600a key success factor for the industry. It gives the opportunity
Manufacturing: EBITDA 4% 800
to adapt to different
500 demands in a flexible and timely way, while providing 700
WHSLE trade: marketing, sales, services, logistics600
8%
benefits to local
4001%
Installer: management economies.
WHSLE trade: management 1% 500
300 400
Installer: sales 4%
Nonetheless,200
this potential for job creation is being
WHSLE trade: squandered. While
EBITDA 3% According
300 to the estimation in the study on the Potential of Solar Thermal
globally
Note: EBITDA = earnings the
before number of jobs in the renewable sector is growing 10 to 20%
100taxes, depreciation and amortization WHSLE = Wholesale
interest, in Europe,
200 in a Business as Usual scenario (above current EC projections
100
a year, in Europe the scenario is very different, with a lower growth or
Source: ITW, Technomar for ST
0
in 2020), the number of jobs in the sector by 2020 would be
0
even a decrease observed in 2014. 46 900. If the indicative targets for solar thermal were achieved, this would
CY
AT
GR
DE
CH
DK
MT
LU
PT
EU28+
SI
IE
ES
IT
CZ
PL
BE
represent an additional 56 000 jobs in the solar thermal sector in Europe

Evolution in terms of jobs by 2020, totaling 103 200. Furthermore, it would represent a saving of
9 billion euros in natural gas imports and avoid the release of 24 million
20% tons CO2 into the atmosphere.
2013/2012 2014/2013
15%
10%
In terms of energy production, it would represent the equivalent to
Solar Thermal Market in EU28 and Switzerland (glazed collectors)
5%
kWth 78 TWh
m th, while in 2014, as indicated in the NREAP barometer, the
2
5 000 000
3 500 000 estimated energy generation amounted to 21.9 TWhth, only 28% of
0%
3 000 000 the target,
4 000 000 with Italy, France and Spain being the countries that are the
-5%
2 500 000 furthest away from their indicative national targets in absolute terms.
-10% 3 000 000
2 000 000
-15%
1 500 000
RES World ST World RES EU ST EU Europe cannot afford to be a Bermuda Triangle of Lost Opportunities.
2 000 000
kWth
1 000 000
Solar is a no-regret option for Europe, both for power and heat
Source: ESTIF, based on data from IRENA, IEA-SHC and ESTIF.
generation,
1 000 000 as the biggest energy and economic waste today is the
500 000
untapped free supply of solar energy!
0 0
For solar thermal 2004 this2005
decrease 2006 is 2007
more 2008 evident, following
2009 2010 the
2011decline
2012 in 2013 2014
EC Projection of NREAPs
the market. For Germanyimplementation
instance, ESTIFSolar thermal
Next topevaluates
6 countries (AT,the jobGR,losses
ES, FR, IT, PL) in the
Other sector at and Switzerland
21 EU countries
around 16 000 since 2008, while EU Observer estimates a reduction of
Mtoe
over
6 9000 jobs since 2010. 100%
5 Triangle of Missed Opportunities
75% • 56.000 Jobs in the solar
4
thermal sector
3 50% • 9 billion euro natural gas imports
2 • 24 million tons CO2 released in
25%
1 the atmosphere
0 0%
System costs 2011 (combisystem
2012 2014 201611m 2018
2
, retail price
2020net for end consumer)
NREAPs Target Proj.Installer:

2020 EBITDA
Target
5% Triangle of missed opportunities
Installer: installation administrative costs 3% Manufacturing costs (collector, store and others) 25% 1 Renewable energy progress report, European Commission,
June 2015
Installer: labour costs for installation 8% 2 The scenarios on the study on the Potential of Solar Thermal
in Europe were developed for EU27 and the current total for
%
R 16 MA the NREPAS is for EU28.
LLE ) NU
TA allation 3 Art. 13 of the RES-Directive (Directive 2009/28/EC)
st
INS
FA
4 Art. 14 of the RES-Directive (Directive 2009/28/EC)

(in
CTU
5 Art 13.6 - By 31 December 2014, Member States shall, in their

RER 38%
building regulations and codes or by other means with equivalent

uct)
Research & Development 1%

%
effect, where appropriate, require the use of minimum levels of

TA of prod
R 34
Installer: EBITDA 29% energy from renewable sources in new buildings and in existing
Manufacturing: marketing, sales, services 5%
LLE
buildings that are subject to major renovation. […]

es
l
W
(sa S HO
IN LES
ALE 1 Manufacturing: management 2% 6 Points 1, 2, 5 and in particular point 6 of Art. 14 of the RES-Directive
(Directive 2009/28/EC): Member States, with the participation of
2%
Manufacturing: EBITDA 4% local and regional authorities, shall develop suitable information,
awareness-raising, guidance or training programmes in order to
WHSLE trade: marketing, sales, services, logistics 8% inform citizens of the benefits and practicalities of developing and
Installer: management 1% using energy from renewable sources.
WHSLE trade: management 1% 7 Art. 14.3 - Member States shall ensure that certification schemes
or equivalent qualification schemes become or are available by
Installer: sales 4% WHSLE trade: EBITDA 3% 31 December 2012 for installers of small-scale biomass boilers
and stoves, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, shallow
Note: EBITDA = earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization WHSLE = Wholesale geothermal systems and heat pumps. […]
Source: ITW, Technomar 8 Data for a combisystem of 11 m² in 2011, including installation,
considering the retail price net for end consumer
Evolution in terms of jobs 19

2015
DECEMBER 2-4
ISTANBUL, TURKEY
www.shc2015.org
The 2015 Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and

Industry conference is the premier annual event for
solar professionals in heating and cooling applications.
As diverse and interesting as the host city itself,

SHC 2015 is taking place in Istanbul, Turkey,
from 2 to 4 December 2015
NEW AT SHC 2015!

The Industry Day, a brand new concept will
bring together stakeholders from the sector
for fruitful discussions about the latest industry
developments. Topics such as new markets
and products, competitiveness, and future
trends will be addressed by international
industry leaders.
SHC 2015 is THE solar heating and cooling

conference of 2015!
A joint conference of the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme and the European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF),
SHC 2015 is hosted by GÜNDER, the Turkish section of the International Solar Energy Society.

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SOLAR

Editorial, Robin M. Welling, ESTIF President................................................................................................................................. 3

EDITORIAL: ROBIN M. WELLING

Research & Development 250

Installer: Solar Thermal Market in Germany

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

12.9 GWth (18.4 mio m²). A decrease of 12 % fromWHSLE yeartrade:

the technology and thesales

2 700 ITALY NEWLY

Solar Thermal Market in Switzerland 600 100

3 000 500 1 200 200

2 700 450 900 150

800 160 200 40

400 80 900 180

200 40 700 140

100 20 600 120

400 80 900 180

100 20 500 100

CEN Keymark Scheme

The Quality Label for Solar Thermal

Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m ) 2

• Simple test procedure

• Access to subsidies Solar Thermal Market in Czech Republic

Key > 250 kWth

36 MWth Czech Republic

-22.4% 3 000 000

kWth Solar Thermal Capacity in Operation (per 1000 Capita) m2

1 500 000 2 000 000

Research & Development 1%

500 000 Installer: EBITDA 29%

3 000 000 Installer: sales 4% WHSLE trade: EBITDA 3% 4 000 000

LABELPACK A+ / ENERGY LABELLING

LabelPack A+ is leading the way towards a smooth

Coordinated by ESTIF the

Participate in training on the Energy Labelling Directive via e-learning

MARKET SIZE IN TERMS OF SOLAR THERMAL CAPACITY (KWTH)

Market (=Newly Installed)3 In Operation2

2012 2013 2014 Annual 2014 Annual

Mersin For more information

USA (38) 27 China (45) 28

Raising significantly / Falling slightly / Staying as they are 0% 50% 100%

SOLAR THERMAL, THE VERSATILE TECHNOLOGY:

Large-scale installations (m2)

There are still Results

000 for Industrial Processes (SHIP) is a promising market for large-

in several market scale20solar

Here are three examples 71 plants with 6 295m2

20 plants with 104 918m2

for their potential role

Gross area (m2)

in the energy transition.

These applications have

Number of plants per category

reduction in the use

In recent years, three industry sectors have been particularly receptive

Scale of SHIP plants

71 plants with 6 295m 2

Number of plants (-)

Gross area (m2)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Gross area (m2)

and large-scale plants are now demonstrated in 20 European 40

Renewable energies are called to play an important role in future energy

5 Art 13.6 - By 31 December 2014, Member States shall, in their